Sept

16, 1847. An English novelist and writer on Jewish history. She was the daughter of Jewish parents. Aguilar, Manuel. Born in Costa Rica about Ahava gas were murdered by Aguirre and others at Machiparo, near the present site of Tabatinga on the upper Amazon, Jan. 1, 1561, and Fernando de Guzman (whom Aguirre afterward murdered) was made general with Aguirre as his lieutenant. From this time the expedition became a piratical cruise so wild that it bordered on insanity. The band declared themselves rebels, or marañones, and proceeded down the Amazon, plundering Indian villages, fighting with one another, and committing every horrible crime, reaching the island of Margarita July 20, 1561. There Aguirre murdered the governor and others, robbed the royal treasury, and then made a descent on the mainland of Venezuela. He was captured at Barquisimeto, and shot by his own marañones. Agulhas (ä-gölyäs), Cape. The southernmost point of Africa, in lat. 34° 50′ S., long. 20° 1' E., 100 miles southeast of the Cape of Good Hope. Agustin (ä-gös-ten') I. The title of Iturbide, emperor of Mexico. See Iturbide . A gust in a (ä-gös-te'nä). Died at Cueta, Spain, June, 1857. The "Maid of Sarago a," for her bravery in the defense of that city, 1808-09. Agyia (a-ji'vä). A town in The aly, Greece, at the foot of Mount O a. Population (1889), 2,050. Ahab (a'hab). [Heb. Achab (Gr. Αχαάβ ), father's brother.] King of Israel, according to the traditional reckoning, 918-896 в. с., but according to some scholars 876-854 в. с.: the son and succe or of Omri. He married Jezebel, daughter of Ethbaal, king of Tyre, and permitted the worship of Baal and Astarte in Samaria, alongside of that of Yahveh. By this, as well as by his luxury and wickedne in the matter of Naboth's vineyard, he provoked the anger of the prophets, more especially of Elijah. He engaged in a war with Benhadad of Damascus, whom he defeated in his second campaign, but whose life he spared. No reason for this is given in the Old Testament, and the act was denounced by the prophets. The reason of this act is found in the cuneiform inscriptions where we find that Shalmanezer II. in 854 B. C. fought with the kings of Damascus, Hamath, and with Ahabbu Sirla'a who is identified by most scholars with Ahab of Israel. The presence of the common enemy As syria no doubt induced Ahab to make peace with Benhadad of Damascus. After the disappearance of of danger from As syria he made an alliance with Jehosaphat, king of Judah, and carried on another campaign against Damascus, but was killed in a battle at Ramoth Gilead. The Old Testament contains considerable information concerning this period, which is supplemented by the cuneiform inscriptions and the Moabite stone. Ahab continued Samaria as the capital of Israel, but dwelt in Jezreel, which he greatly beautified. Ahaggar (ä-hag'gär). A large plateau and mountainous region in Sahara, intersected by lat. 23°-24° N., long. 5°-6° E. The chief place in it is Ideles. 1800: died at Guatemala, June 6, 1846. A Cen- Ahala (a-ha lä), Cneius Servilius Struct us. tral American statesman. He occupied various public posts in Costa Rica, represented that state in the A embly of 1828, and was elected president April 7, 18:37. He was deposed by Carrillo, May, 1838. At the time of his death he represented Costa Rica in the Central American diet. Aguilar, Marcos de. Born at Écija about 1465: died at Mexico, Feb., 1527. A Spanish lawyer. In 1508 he went to Hispaniola with Diego Columbus as alcalde mayor. In 1526 he pa ed to Mexico with Luis Ponce de Leon, appointed to inquire into the conduct of Cortés; and on the death of his chief he sucSpain. ceeded him (July, 1526) in the temporary rule of New Aguilar de la Fronter a (ä-ge-lär' da lä front a'rä). A town in the province of Cordova, Spain, 26 miles southeast of Cordova. Popu lati on (1887), 12,451. Aguilas (ä-ge'läs), or San Juan de las Aguilas (sän Hwän da läs ä-gē'läs). A seaport in the province of Murcia, Spain, 48 miles southwest of Murcia. It exports lead, esparto-gra , and soda. Population (1887), 10.042. A guiler a (ä-ge-la'rä), Francisco Xavier. Born at Santa Cruz de la Sierra about 1775: died at Valle Grande, Nov. 23, 1828. A royalist guerrilla chief of Charcas (Bolivia), notorious for his cruelty. He received a commi ion as brigadier general, and for a time was military commandant of Santa Cruz. After the final defeat of the Spanish armies, A guiler a fled to the forests. In 1828 he emerged with a small force, captured a Spanish post, and proclaimed Ferdinand VII. as king. He was soon captured and shot. Aguirre (ä-ger'ra), Josef Saenz de. Born at Logroño, Spain, March 24, 1630: died at Rome, Aug. 19, 1699. A Spanish cardinal and theologian, author of "Defensio cathedræ S. Petri," etc. (1682), "Collectio maxima Conciliorum" (1693), "Theolog i a S. Anselmi," etc. Aguirre, Lope de. Born at Oñate, Asturias, about 1508: shot Oct. 27, 1561. A Spanish adventurer who early in life drifted to America, and for twenty years led such a scandalous life in Peru that he was known as "Aguirre the madman." He was engaged in several rebellions, was outlawed, and joined the expedition of Pedro de Ursua in the upper Amazon (1559). Ursua and his lieutenant Var search of El Dorado and the kingdom of the Omaguas on A Roman patrician, master of the B. c. (according to the common chronology), and slayer of the popular leader Spurius Mælius. Ahalya (a-hal'yä). In Hindu legend, the wife of the Rishi Gautama, and very beautiful: according to the Ramayana the first woman made by Brahma and given by him to Gautama. She was seduced by Indra. Gautama expelled Ahalya from his hermitage and deprived her of her preeminent beauty or, as others state, made her invisible. Rama restored her to her natural state and reconciled her to her husband. Kumarila Bhatta explains this seduction as Indra's (the sun's) carrying away the shade of night. Ahanta (ä-hän'tä). A district on the Gold Coast of Africa, about long. 20-3° W. Ahantchuyuk (ä hänt cho-yök). A division of the Kalapooian stock of North American In dians, formerly on and about Pudding River, Oregon. The name was applied to them by the Cala pooya. See Kalapooian . Also called French Prairie In dians , and Pudding River Indians. Ahasuerus (a-haz-ü-ē'rus). [Heb. Ahashve rósh , Pers. Khschjársha (‘mighty' and 'eye'?).] Xerxes, who ruled 486-465 B. C., mentioned in Ezra iv. 6 and throughout the book of Esther. The Ahasuerus of the book of Daniel (ix. 1), who is called the father of Darius the Mede, cannot have been Xerxes; he has been variously identified with Astyages and Cyaxeres. See Xerxes . Ahasuerus. 1. A name given to the legendary "Wandering Jew" (which see).-2. A prose drama by Edgar Quinet, published in 1833, founded on the legend of the Wandering Jew. Ahaus (a'hous). A small town in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, about 28 miles northwest of Münster. A hausen (ä'hou-zen), or Auhausen (ou'houzen). A village in Bavaria, 12 miles northeast of Nördlingen. Here the Protestant Union was formed under the lead of the elector Frederick IV. of the Palatinate in 1608. Ahausaht (ä'hou-sät), or Ahowsaht. A tribe of North American Indians, on Clayoquaht Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, numbering 296 (1884). See Aht . Ahava (ä hä-vä). The name of a place and river or canal in Babylon at which the Jews Ahava who formed the second expedition which returned to Jerusalem with Ezra a embled. Its exact location is unknown. Ezra viii. 15. Ahaz (a'haz). [Heb., 'po e or.'] King of Judah, according to some 735-715 B. c., accord ing to others 734-728 or 742-727 B. C. The last date seems most probable. He was a contemporary of the prophet Isaiah. On his acce ion to the throne, which took place in his youth, Rezin, king of Syria, and Pekah, king of Israel, formed a conspiracy against him. Contrary to the advice of Isaiah he sought the a istance A yrian king, to whom he paid homage and tribute. This latter fact is mentioned both in the Bible and the cuneiform inscriptions. In the latter he is called Iauhazi , which would that his name is shortened from Joahaz. His tribute to As syria had the desired result, Tiglath Pileser attacking Rezin and Pekah. This policy culminated in the entire destruction of the kingdom of Israel. Ahaz was succeeded by his son Hezekiah. Ahaziah (a-ha-zi'ä). [Heb., 'sustained by Yahveh.'] Son of Ahab and king of Israel 853-851 в. с. (896-8941). Ahaziah. Son of Jehoram and Athaliah, and king of Judah 844-843 в. с. (885-8847). A he no barb us (a-he-nō-bär bus). A plebeian family of Rome, gens Domitia, to which the emperor Nero belonged. Ahijah (a-hija), or Ahiah (a-hi'ä). [Heb., 'brother of Yahveh.'] In Old Testament his the name of several persons, of whom most notable was a son of Ahitub and high priest in the reign of Saul (1 Sam. xiv. 3, 18): probably the same as Ahimelech, who was high priest at Nob, and was killed by Saul for a isting David. Ahimaaz (a-him'a-az). [Heb., 'brother of anger.] 1. The father of Ahinoam, wife of Saul. I Sam. xiv. 50.-2. A high priest, the son and succe or of Zadok. He distinguished himself by his services to King David during the revolt of Absalom. 2 Sam. xv. xviii. Ahimelech (a-him'e-lek). [Heb., 'brother of the king. Compare A yrian Ahi - milk i , 'brother of counsel.] 1. Priest of Nob, father of Abiathar, the friend of David. He gave to David, who was fleeing from Saul, the sacred bread and the sword of Goliath from the tabernacle. For this Saul slew him. of Abiathar, priest time: grandson of the priest of Nob. Called Abim elech, 1 Chr. xviii. 16. Ahithophel (a-hith'o-fel). [Heb. 'brother of folly, that is, 'foolish.] 1. A Hebrew politician, counselor of King David and, later, of Absalom in his revolt against his father. He was famous for his political wisdom, and his defection caused David great apprehension. His advice, however, was rejected by Absalom, he thereupon retired to his home, set his affairs in order, and hanged himself. Thought to be the grandfather of Bathsheba. 2. A character in Dryden's poem "Absalom and Achitophel," intended to represent the Earl of Shaftesbury who was called by this name by his contemporaries: a treacherous friend and adviser. Also Achitophel . Ahlden (äl'den). A small town 27 miles north of Hanover. Prince Sophia Dorothea, wife of George I. of England, was kept here as prisoner, 1694-1726. Ahlefeld (ä'le-felt), Frau von (Charlotte Sophie Luise Wilhelmine von Seebach): pseudonym Elisa Selbig. Born at Stedten, near Erfurt, Germany, Dec. 6, 1781: died at