Governor

[Fr. gouverneur; Lat. gubernator.] One who governs, rules, or directs; one invested with supreme authority; a ruler; a chief magistrate; as, the governor of Virginia. - A guardian; a tutor; a preceptor; one who has the care of a young man's education, . "The great work of a governor is to fashion the carriage, and form the mind." - Locke. -One to whom temporary authority is delegated. "To you, lord governor, Remains the censure of this hellish villain." Shaks. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. (R.) (Engineering.) A contrivance by which the motion of the fly-wheel shaft regulates the velocity of the engine, by causing two balls to revolve in such a manner that they open, or close, the pa age of the steam from the boiler, by means of a butterfly-valve, in proportion to the increase of velocity. Two heavy balls, BB, attached to the extremities of two rods, BF, BF, play upon a joint at E, pa ing through a mortise in the vertical shaft DD. These are united, by joints at F, to the short rods FH, which again are connected by joints at H to a ring which slides on the shaft D D. A horizontal wheel, W. is attached to D D, having a groove to receive a rope or strap on its rim, by means of which the motion is communicated to D D from a corresponding wheel on some C shaft of the machinery to IMG:content-0414.png:[ocr errors] be regulated. It is evi H dent, from the disposition IMG:content-0415.png:[blocks in formation] of the rods, that if the balls BB are by any means raised or drawn E asunder, the extremities B IMG:content-0416.png:[blocks in formation] W W D K FF of the rods turring on the pivot E will also be separated, and their dis- Fig . 1183.- ENGINE-GOVERNOR. tance from the axis in creased. This will draw the rods FH in the same direction, and cause the ring or collar H to descend. This ring is connected with the end, I, of a lever, whose fulcrum is at G, and whose other extremity, K, is connected by some means with the part of the machine which supplies the power. Suppose now the velocity from Governorship, n. The rank or office of a governor, Governor's Island, in Ma achusetts , a small island at the main entrance of Boston Harbor. Fort Winthrop is built upon it. Governor's Island, in New York , an island in New York harbor. Fort Columbus, the headquarters of the Department of the East, U. S. A., is built upon it. Go'wan, n. [Scot., daisy.) ( Bot .) The Scottish term for the daisy. Gow'er's Ferry, in low a , a village of Cedar co. Gowk, n. See GAWK. Gown, n. [ W.gwn ; Gael. gun , guin ; It. gonna , gon- neil a; O. Fr. gonnelle , a woman's gown. Etymol. un- known.) A woman's upper garment; a dre ; a robe; as, a silk gown . - A long, loose wrapper or upper gar- ment worn by men indoors; as, a dre ing- yown . - A long, loose robe, worn by profe ional men, as divines, barristers, students, .; the academic toga; - hence, the dre of peace, or of the civil magistracy, in distinc- tion from the military. Go'ya, a town of the Argentine Republic, prov. of Cor- rientes, on the Parana River; pop . 1,500. Goyan'na, a city of Brazil, prov. of Pernambuco, on the Goyanna River, abt. 35 m. N.W. of Olinda; pop . 6,000. Goyave', a town of Guadeloupe, W. Indies, on Goyave Bay, at the mouth of Petit-Goyave River. Goyaz', a central prov. of Brazil, bounded by Para on the W., Pernambuco and Minas Geraes on the E., San Paulo on the S., and Matto Gro o on the W.; area , 274,700 sq. m. The surface, generally mountainous, is watered by the Araguay, To can tins, Vermelho, and Rio Grande; the soil is fertile. Prod. Barks, medicinal plants, coloring woods, sugar, bananas, cotton, and to- bacco. Pop . 274,702. Go'zo, a small, rocky, but fertile island in the Mediter- ranean, a little to the N.W. of Malta. Ext . 9 m. long, with a breadth of 5. Desc. Rocky, but fertile. Pop. 16,500.- There is in this island a Cyclopean giant's tower which is an object of great interest. On the S.E. coast is Fort Chambray. Goz'zard, n. [A corrupted form of gooseherd .] One who looks after and has charge of geese. (Vulgar.) G. P. O. An abbreviation of General Post-Office. Graaff-Reinet, a town of S. Africa, and one of the most important and prosperous of Cape Colony, is sit- uated on the Sunday, which enters Algoa Bay near Port Elizabeth. Graaf's chap, in Michigan , a post-office of Allegan co. Grab, n. [Hind. ghurab , an Arab coasting-ve el. (Naut.) The name given in Hindostan to a three- masted ve el peculiar to the Malabar coast. -A clutch: a sudden grasp, seizure, or snatch: as, the thief made a grab at his watch. Grab, v. a. [Swed. grappa , to grasp. See GRABBLE, GRAPPLE, and GRIPE.] To snatch; to clutch; to catch hold of suddenly; to seize; to grasp. Grab'ber, n. One who snatches, clutches, grasps, or seizes. Grab'ble, v . n. [Dim. of grab ; Ger. grabbeln .] To grope; to feel about with the hands; as, " grabbling and tumbling." - Selden. -To lie prostrate or recumbent on the ground; to sprawl on one's belly; to grovel. Grabow, ( gra'bo ,) the name of several towns in Ger- many, the largest 24 m. from Schwerin, on the railroad between Berlin and Hamburg. Pop . 6,746. Gracchus, TIBERIUS SEMPRONIUS, a celebrated Roman tribune and reformer, B. about B. c. 166. He was the eldest son of the consul of the same name, and of Cor- -A short prayer before or after meat; a benediction asked -An act, edict, vote, or decree of the senate or governing body. (Used at the English universities.) -pl. ( Sports .) A play in which a small hoop is thrown from one person to another by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Days of grace. ( Law .) See DAY. Good graces. Favor; esteem; predilection; friendship. "Demand deliv'ry of her heart, nelia, daughter of Scipio African us; and losing his father at an early age, was brought up by his noble moor thanks returned. ther, with the aid of Greek tutors. He married the daughter of Appius Claudius, chief of the Senate, and soon after distinguished himself under Scipio at the siege of Carthage. At the age of about 30 he served as quæstor in Spain; but deeply moved by the frightful evils which he saw in the state of Italy and its popula- tion, he resolved to devote himself to the task of reform, and especially to the formation of a middle cla of small landed proprietors. He entered the office of tribune B. c. 133, and soon proposed a measure reviving with some modifications a long disregarded Licinian law, for the more equal distribution of the public lands. This measure, eagerly welcomed by the country-tribes, roused bitter opposition on the part of the rich holders of these lands, and at their instance Octavius, one of the tribunes, interposed his veto and prevented its pa ing -v. a. To honor; to dignify and elevate by an act of favor. into law. This course was repeated on a second attempt of G .; but at a third a embly Octavius was deposed -To adorn; to decorate; to embellish; to dignify. and the bill pa ed. Soon after, G. made a proposal for "Great Jove and Phœbus graced his nobler line."-Pope. distributing the property of Attalus, king of Pergamus, -To furnish and fortify with heavenly grace. recently bequeathed to the Romans, among the poor. He also brought forward several measures of reform, which were subsequently carried by his brother Caius. On his offering himself a candidate for the tribuneship the next year, a riot arose, the senators making an attack upon the people, and the reformer was killed with many of his adherents. His body with theirs was thrown into the Tiber, leave being refused to Caius to bury it. GRACCHUS, CAIUS SEMPRONIUS, younger brother of the preceding, and like him tribune and reformer, B. about B. c. 157. He served under Scipio at Numantia, and in his absence was named one of the commi ioners for carrying out the distribution of public lands. After his brother's death he lived in retirement till B. c. 126, when he was sent as quæstor to Sardinia. Two years later, dis- regarding an order of the Senate, who would fain have him absent, he returned to Rome and was chosen tri- bune. He was by careful study and training an accom- plished orator, and he applied all his powers to avenge the death of Tiberius, and to carry out his measures. He renewed and extended the Agrarian law; planted new colonies in Italy and the provinces; provided for the sale of corn at a low price; deprived the Senate of the judicial power; and had new roads made and old ones restored in all parts of Italy. These measures are called the Sempronian laws. Caius was re-elected tribune for 122, and at once proposed a wide extension of the Roman franchise. To diminish his popularity, the Senate employed Livius Drusus to outbid him for popular favor. At the same time Caius was sent, with his chief supporter Flaccus, to Carthage, to establish the new colony there. He was not again chosen tribune, and a meeting of the Senate was called to revoke one of his laws. The irritation was immense, the friends of Grac- chus were armed, blood was shed, the great reformer was declared a public enemy, and in the combat which took place next day three you sand are said to have fallen, and Gracchus had his slave put him to death. Cornel i a survived her sons many years, living in retire- ment at Misenum. Grace, n. [Fr. grace ; Lat. gratia - grat us , beloved, dear, agreeable; allied to car us , dear, and Gr. char is , grace, favor.] Good-will; kindne ; disposition to oblige another; beneficence; generosity; favor bestowed or privilege conferred. "Is this the reward and thanks I am to have for those many acts of grace I have lately pa ed." - King Charles I. -The free, unmerited love and favor of God; divine influ- ence graciously bestowed; the application of Christ's righteousne . (Theology.) In its most general signification, G. is used to denote the love and favor of God towards mankind, more particularly in his sending his son Christ Jesus to die for sinners. It implies that the gift springs from the bounty and liberality of the giver, without any claim or merit on the part of the recipient. It is also employed to designate the influence of the Divine Spirit upon the mind, by which an individual is brought to receive the truths of Christianity; and hence, when an individual has been brought into that condition, he is said to be in a state of grace. It is also used to signify the gospel dis- pens at i on, as distinguished from the legal; as when the apostle Paul speaks of our being "no longer under the law, but under grace." Some theologians a ert that there are two kinds of grace, common and special. Common grace they regard as being extended unto all men; special grace, as that which is extended only to the elect, and by means of which they are brought unto Christ. Some speak of grace as being irresistible, effica- cio us, electing, justifying, sanctifying. . The nature of grace has been one of the most fruitful sources of controversy in the Church, giving rise to much bitter- ne of feeling, and introducing many hair-splitting distinctions that we are not qualified to examine. Grace'-cup, n . The cup or health drunk after grace is said at table. Grace'ful, a . Beautiful with dignity; full of grace; elegant; easy in gait or manner; agreeable in appear- ance, with an expre ion of dignity or elevation of mind or manner; as, a graceful woman, a graceful act, a grace- ful deportment, a graceful air, a graceful speaker, . "Bold in the lists, and graceful in the dance."- Pope . Grace'fully, adv . In a graceful manner; with a natu- ral ease and propriety; with pleasing dignity; elegantly; as, she waltzes gracefully . Grace'fulne , n . Quality of being graceful; elegance of manner, gait, or deportment; beauty, with dignity in manner, motion, or countenance. co., abt. 75 m. N.W. of Anna polis. Graces. [Gr. Charites ; Lat. Gratiæ .] ( Myth .) In Roman mythology, the three daughters of Venus, by Jupiter or Bacchus, who were named Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphro- syne. They were the constant attendants of their beau- tiful mother, and were represented as three young and lovely virgins, with their hands joined. They presided over kindne and all good offices, and their worship was the same as that of the nine Muses, with when they had a temple in common. They were generally represented in a nude state, to show that kindne ought to be performed with sincerity and candor. The mod- erns explain the allegory of their having their hands joined to mean that there should be a perpetual return of kind and good deeds among friends. - With the Greeks, Charites, the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, were the embodiments of gracefulne and beauty. In the Vedic mythology, the Harits , with whose name that of the Charites has been identified, are the horses of the sun, glittering with dazzling light. But it would prob- ably be a mistake to suppose that the Greeks borrowed from Vedic writings an idea which comes to both Greeks and Hindoos from an earlier and common source. The word is traced to the root ghar or har , to be fat or glit- tering, the transition from the idea of fatne to that of brilliance and beauty being shown in a large cla of words both in Greek and other languages. Grace'ville, in Georgia , a village of Houston co., abt. 68 m. S.W. of Milledgeville. Gracias-a-Dios, ( gra'se -as-a- dee'oce ,) a town of Cen- tral America, State of Honduras, abt. 40 m. W.N.W. of Comayagua; pop . abt. 1,000. Gracias-a-Dios, a promontory on the E. ccast of Patagonia, near the mouth of the Gallagos River. Gracias-a-Di'os, a cape on the Mosquito Coast of Central America; Lat. 14° 59′ N., Lon. 83° 12′ W. Gracila'ria, n. ( Bot . ) A species of plants, order Cera- miacea. The G. lichenoides is the commercial Ceylon mo . It is nutritive, emollient, and demulcent, and may be employed in the form of a decoction or jelly as a food for children and invalids, and medicinally in pul- monary complaints, diarrhoea, . It is sometimes im- ported under the name of agar-agar; but G. spinosa has also been imported under the same name. Both species are largely used in the East for making nutritious jellies, for stiffening purposes, and for varnishing. G. helm in- thocorton is a Corsican mo . It has been used princi- pally as a vermifuge, but its properties have been much overrated. G. cra a, or Ki-tsai, is cooked with a soy or vinegar in China, and is also used by the Chinese ladies for giving a glo to their hair. Gracio'sa, one of the Azores, in the Atlantic, 20 m. long, by an average of 6 m. in width. Its principal town is Santa Cruz. Pop . 16,000.- Also, one of the Canary islands, small, and of little note. Gracioso, ( grath - e -o/ so,) n. [Sp.] The buffoon, a favorite character on the Spanish stage. Gracious, ( gra's hus ,) a . [ Fr.gracieux ; Lat. gratiosus .] Favorable; kind; friendly; disposed to forgive offences and impart unmerited ble ings; benevolent; beneficent; benignant; merciful; as, "the good and gracious God."- South . -Proceeding from divine grace; renewed or sanctified by grace; influenced or controlled by divine influence. "So hallowed and so gracious is the time."- Shaks . esteem. "The landlady and Tam grew gracious , Wi' favours secret, sweet, and precions."- Burns . -Beautiful; graceful; becoming; as, a gracious presence. Gra'ciously, adv . Kindly; favorably; in a friendly or pleasing manner; with kind condescension. Grack'le, Grak'le, n. [Lat. graculus , a jack-daw.] (Zool.) See QUISCALUS. Gradation, (gra - dā'shun ,) n. [Fr.; Lat. gradatio gradus, a step, a pace. See GRADE.] A series of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by step; progre from one degree or state to another; a regular advance from step to step, or rank to rank. "With no cold gradations of decay."-Dr. Johnson. -A degree in any order or series; order; series; sequence; regular proce by degrees or steps; as, "a direct grad a tion of consequences."- South . (Painting, dec.) A term denoting the gradual receding of objects into the remote distance, by a proper strength or due diminution of light, shade, and color, according to their different distances, the quantity of light which shines upon them, and the medium of air through which they are seen. ( Mus .) A diatonic ascending or descending succe ion of chords. Grada'tional, a. By gradation. (R.) Grada'tioned, a. Having gradations; formed by gradations. Grad'atory, a. [From Lat. gradus. See GRADE.] Gradual; advancing step by step. - Adapted for progre ive movement.