monopolizer (monopolizer)

Same as monopolist, especially in sense 2: as, a monopo lizer of conversation. Also spelled monopoliser. Those sensele monopolizers of time that form the court of a duke. Shelley, in Dowden, I. 204. monopoly (mō-nop'ō-li), n.; pl. monopolies (-liz). [= F. monopole = Sp. Pg. It. mono polio, Monopolies are much the same offence in other branches of trade that engro ing is in provisions, being a license or privilege allowed by the king for the sole buying and selling, making, working, or using of any thing whatsoever; whereby the subject in general is restrained from that liberty of manufacturing or trading which he had before. Black stone, Com. (ed. Waite), IV. 159. 2. Specifically, in Eng. constitutional hist., and hence sometimes in Amer. law, such an exclusive privilege when granted by the crown or state to an individual, a ociation, or corporation, for the sake of the pecuniary advantage of its exclusivene . A privilege not granted by the state, but secured by buying up the article, is termed by the English law engro ing. The legal objection to a monopoly, in this sense of the word, is that it can be secured only by forbidding all other citizens except the favored grantee to exercise a common-law right. Exclusive privileges grant ed by the state to a limited number of persons for the sake of enabling the state the better to regulate the traffic for the protection of the rest of the community, as in case of banking franchises, liquor traffic, etc., are not deemed monopolies, although the same privileges would be, if conferred on a single or a very few grantees, for the sake of the pecuniary benefit to them. So the exclusive privileges conferred on inventors and authors, by the patent and copy right laws, for the sake of the encouragement of the arts and literature, and extending only to articles originally devised under that encouragement, are not deemed monopo 3843 lies. Both these cla es of grants have, however, been condemned by some as partaking of the character of monopolies. If any man, out of his own wit, industry, or endeavour, find out anything beneficial to the Commonwealth, or bring out any new invention which every subject of this kingdom may use, yet, in regard of his pains and travel therein, her Majesty perhaps is pleased to grant him a privilege to use the same only, by himself or his deputies, for a certain time. This is one kind of Monopoly . Sometimes there is a glut of things, when they be in exce ive quantity, as perhaps of corn; and perhaps her Majesty gives licence of transportation to one man. This is another of Monopoly . Sometimes there is a scarcity or a small quantity; and the like is granted also. Bacon , in E. A. Abbott's Account of his Life and Works. I will have no private monopolies , to enrich one man, and beggar a multitude. Burton , Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 68. He thinks he can never trade to his advantage unle he can have the monopoly of everything he values. South . 3. In pol it . econ., and as used in a general sense in law, such an exclusive privilege to carry on a traffic, or deal in or control a given cla of articles, as will enable the holder to raise prices materially above what they would be if the traffic or dealing were free to citizens generally. In this sense, that exclusive control of a particular kind of product which results from the legitimate ownership of the only land from which it can be obtained, as in the case of some mineral waters, or earths, or ores, is sometimes spoken of as a natural monopoly , in contrast to the artifi cial monopolies created by state grant. See virtual то nopoly, below. 4. That which is the subject of a monopoly: as, in Bengal opium is a monopoly.-5. The po e ion or a umption of anything to the exclusion of other po e ors: thus, a man is popularly said to have a monopoly of any busine of which he has acquired complete con trol. Jonson, who, by studying Horace, had been acquainted with the rules, yet seemed to envy to posterity that knowledge, and to make a monopoly of his learning. Dryden, tr. of Juvenal, Ded. Caleb hain't no monopoly to court the seen ore etas. Lowell, Biglow Papers, 1st ser., ii. 6. Loosely, a company or corporation which enjoys a monopoly.- Monopoly Act, an English statute of 1623 (21 Jas. I., c. 3), declaring all monopolies for the manufacture, sale, or use ise of anything to be void, excepting to inventors their patent rights. Also known as the Statute of Monopolies. - Virtual monopoly, a term in constitutional law and the history of legislation (the appropriate applications of which have been much contested) used to characterize a busine which, though not declared by law to be a monopoly or exclusive franchise protected as such, as by a patent or an exclusive charter, is yet so related to the great channels and currents of commerce that the allowing of it to enjoy the same protection as other private property and busine secures to it indirect ly exclusive advantages substantially equivalent to a legal monopoly. Thus the great grain-elevators of modern com merce, although erected as private property on private lands, if by their situation they have exclusive advantages for the transfer of grain from ve els at the wharf to the railroad terminus of a trunk-line, are said to constitute a virtual monopoly, because, if not subjected to a legislative power to restrict their charges such as other private property and busine are not subjected to, they might conducted in a manner oppre ive to commerce. monopolyloguet (mon-o-pol'i-log), n. [ characters. Brande. monoprionidian ( Gr. μόνος, single, + πρίων, a saw ( part. Mon opter ide (mon-op-ter'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., nopterus, having the shoulder girdle directly connected with the skull, and the abdominal and caudal regions of the body exce ively elongated. monopteron, monopteros (mo [= F. Plan of Monopteron.