Scopas (skō'pas)

[Gr. Σκώπας.] Born in the island of Paros about 420 в. с. A celebrated Greek sculptor and architect. His first important work was the temple of Athene Alea at Tegea, built on the site of an older temple. A few fragments of the sculpture of this temple have been recovered. In its interior a Corinthian order was superimposed upon an Ionic, the first recorded use of this order. Scopas prob☐ ably went to Athens about 377 B. c., and remained there 1 25 years, when he went to Halicarna us to superintend the sculpture of the Mausoleum. The fragments from this monument in the British Museum probably give us our only reliable information as to Scopas's style. A doubtful pa age of Pausanias makes it probable that he is represented in the sculpture recovered from the Artemisium at Ephesus. The Apollo Citharœdus of the Vatican is always a ociated with Scopas as a copy of his statue. The original of the Niobe group was by either Scopas or Praxiteles, probably Scopas. The Niobide of the Vatican may have belonged to the original group. The style of Scopas was highly ideal and sympathetic. Pathos is the word by which his work is characterized in the old writers. Scores by (skōrz'bi), William. Born near Whitby, Yorkshire, Oct. 5, 1789: died at Torquay, March 21, 1857. An English physicist and arctic navigator. In 1800 he accompanied his father, William Scores by, an arctic whaler, on a voyage to Green land. On May 24, 1806, as chief officer of the Resolution, he reached lat. 81° 30′ N., long. 19° E., the farthest point north (?) which had been reached at that date. In 1811 he took command of the Resolution, which was engaged in the whale-fishery. In 1819 he communicated to the Royal Society of London a paper "On the Anomaly in the Variation of the Magnetic Needle." In 1820 he published his "History and Description of the Arctic Regions," He surveyed the east coast of Green land between lats. 69° 30′ N. and 72° 30′ N. in 1822, and in 1823 published his "Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale-Fishery, etc." He now abandoned the sea, resided two years at Cambridge, and in 1825 was ordained and appointed curate of Be ingby. His especial study was terrestrial magnetism. He visited America in 1844-48, and Australia in 1856. Besides the works above mentioned, he wrote "Memorials of the Sea" (1850), "Journal of a Voyage to Australia for Magnetic Research" (1859), etc. Scornful Lady, The. A comedy of domestic life, by Beaumont and Fletcher, published in 1616. It was played about 1609. In 1783 it was altered by Cooke and produced as "The Capricious Lady." Scorpio (skôr'pi-ō). [L., 'the Scorpion.'] A constellation and the eighth sign of the zodiac, represented by the character M. The constellation, which is conspicuous in early summer in the skies of the southern United States (where the whole of the magnificent tail clears the horizon), contains the first-magnitude red star Antares and several of the second magnitude. With the Chaldeans and Greeks it extended over one sixth of the planetary circle, the Scorpion being represented with exaggerated claws embracing a circular space where Libra is now placed. From this irregularity it may be inferred that the constellation is older than the zodiac, which was formed before 2000 B. C. Libra, though later, is of no small antiquity, since it appears in the Egyptian zodiacs. Its adoption by Julius Cæsar in his calendar made it familiar. Ptolemy, however, though living in Egypt nearly two centuries later, follows Babylonian and Greek astronomers in covering the place of Libra with the Scorpion's claws. In designating the stars of this constellation by means of the Greek letters, the genitive Scorpii (from the alternative Latin form scorpius ) is used: thus, Antares is a Scorpii .