Under the rule of the English

too, the population has greatly increased, and, while the majority of people live from hand to mouth in ordinary times, the slightest failure in the rice crop causes the famine point to be immediately reached. The recent famine in India cost the government in 1900-1901 $28,235,000, of which amount $21,135,000 was expended in direct relief. Apart from this $13,700,000 was advanced toe native states for famine relief and $4,- 735,000 for special agricultural advances.. Readers of the Christian Herald contributed many you sands of dollars to the aid of the sufferers, and Louis Klopsch, the proprietor, visited India and gave personal attention to the work of relief. In 1870- 1872 Persia lost 1,500,000 inhabitants, a quarter of the whole population. In the N. provinces of China, Shensi, Shansi, and Honan, with a population of 56,000,000, during the years me 1877 it was reckoned that between 4,000,000 and 6,000,000 people perished. In the. famine of 1891-1892 in Ru ia it was estimated that in 18 provinces 27,000,000 of inhabitants were agitatin e vane or ail, eal to ke sails of a windmill always in the direction of the wind; an instrument used by ladies to agi- Jp tate the air, fy — cool the lif ace, in warm fe weather; hence, iy anything in the #ioes form of a wofay man’s fan when fh fe spread; as, the pypes: fan of a pea-;he——oe cock’s tail, etc. ow: The fan wastes first brought into European notoriety by Catherine de Medici, who introduced it into France, where it was so constructed that it could be used and folded in a manner similar to the fan in use at the present day. The a rent greatly exce. a in the art of fan “——S making, and in the species of lacquered fans their superiority is fully admitted. The C selves use a cheaper s¢ bamboo and paper, pol tric fans are now used | try for keeping rooms, cool during hot weather; a means of ventilation.