Pilate (pilat), L

Pontius Pilatus. (Gr. Πόντιος Πίλατος.] Lived in the first half of the 1st cen tury A. D. A Roman procurator of Judea, Idumea, and Samaria 26-36 A. D. He tried and condemned Christ. He is the subject of many legends. Pilate, Arch of. An arch in Jerusalem which spans the Via Dolorosa. It has been venerated by pilgrims since the middle ages, but is held to be in fact the remains of a triumphal arch of the time of Hadrian. Pilate's Staircase. See Scala Santa . Pilatus (pe-lä tös), Mount. A mountain on the border of the cantons of Lucerne and Unterwalden, Switzerland, 7 miles south-southwest tes of Lucerne. It is a much frequented tourist resort, and is ascended by a mountain railway. Height of highest peak (the Tomlishorn), 6,998 feet. Pilaya (pe-li'ä). A right-hand tributary of the Pilcomayo, in Bolivia. Length, about 500 miles. Pilcomayo (pēl-kō-mi'ō). A river rising in southern Bolivia and flowing through the Gran Chaco, where it separates western Paraguay from the Argentine Republic. It is the longest branch of the Paraguay, which it joins opposite As unci on. In the Chaco it is very crooked and shallow, and obstructed by sand-bars; the lower portion is brackish. Many vain attempts have been made to explore it, with the object of opening a route to Bolivia: a scheme now generally believed to be impracticable. The French explorer Crevaux, who tried to ascend the river in 1882, was killed by the Indians, with all his party. Length unknown (prob. ably about 1,400 miles). Pilgrim, The. 1. A play by Fletcher, produced at court in 1621 and printed in 1647. In 1700 Sir John Vanbrugh produced an alteration which was revived in 1812.-2. A tragedy by Thomas Kill i grew, printed in 1664. Pilgrimage of Grace. An insurrection in Yorkshire and Lincoln shire 1536-37, headed by Robert Aske. It was occasioned by the ecclesiastical and political reforms of Henry VIII. The rebels occupied York, where they were joined by the Archbishop of Their number having increased to 30,000, they proceeded to Don caster, where they were induced to disband by the representations of the royal commi ioners. Finding themselves deceived, they rose again under Sir Francis Bigod. Martial law was declared in the north, and the rising was suppre ed with great severity. Pilgrim Fathers, The. The founders of Plymouth Colony, Ma achusetts, in 1620. Pilgrims, Chaucer's. See Canterbury Tales . Pilgrims of the Rhine. A descriptive work by Bulwer, published in 1834. Pilgrim's Progre , The. A famous allegory, by John Bunyan, which recounts the adventures of the hero Christian in journeying from the City of Destruction to the heavenly Jerusalem. It was composed while Bunyan was in prison, between 1660 and 1672. The first part was printed in 1678. A second part (1684) narrates the similar travels of Christian a, Christian's wife. Pilgrim's Tale, The. A poem thought by Thynne to have been Chaucer's. He printed it, but it was not published, being objected to by the bishops. It was lost, apparently; and, attention having been directed to it, it was searched for in vain for over two hundred years. Tyrwhitt found part of it, examined it, and it disappeared again. At length it was rediscovered and printed by the Chaucer Society. It was found to be by some one acquainted with Chaucer's work, but writing after 1532. Lounsbury. Pillars of Hercules. In ancient geography, the two opposite promontories Calpe (Gibraltar) in Europe and Abyla in Africa, situated at the eastern extremity of the Strait of Gibraltar, sentinels, as it were, at the outlet from the Med i terrane an into the unknown Atlantic. Accord ing to one of several explanations of the name, they were supposed to have been torn asunder by Hercules. Com pare Melkarth . Pillau (pil'lou). A seaport, fortre , and watering-place in the province of East Pru ia, Pru ia, situated at the entrance to the Frisches Haff, 25 miles west of Königsberg. Pillnitz (pil'nits). A royal Saxon castle, situated on the Elbe 6 miles southeast of Dresden. Pillnitz, Convention of. A meeting at Pillnitz in Aug., 1791, between the emperor Leopold II., Frederick William II. of Pru ia, and the Comte d'Artois (later Charles X. of France). They i ued a declaration hostile to the French Revolution, which formed the basis of the first coalition against France. Billow, Pillow, Fort. See Fort Pillow . Pillow (pil'ō), Gideon Johnson. Born in Williams on County, Tenn., June 8, 1806: died in Lee County, Ark., Oct. 6, 1878. An American general. He served with distinction first as a brigadier general and afterward as a major-general of volunteers in the Mexican war, at the close of which he resumed the practice of law in Tenne ee. He became a brigadier-general in the Confederate army at the beginning of the Civil War; commanded under General Leonidas Polk at the battle of Belmont, Mi ouri, Nov. 7, 1861; and was second in command under General John B. Floyd at Fort Do nelson in Feb., 1862, when he escaped with his chief, leaving General Buckner to surrender the post to General Grant. Pilot Knob (pilot nob). A hill consisting almost entirely of iron ore, situated 73 miles south by west of St. Louis. Piloty (pe-lo'te), Ferdinand. Born at Munich, Oct. 9, 1828: died there, Dec. 21, 1895. A genre and historical painter, brother of Karl von Piloty, whose style influenced him. He was an honorary member of the Munich Academy. Piloty, Karl von. Born at Munich, Oct. 1, 1826: died at Munich, July 21, 1886. A noted German historical painter, profe or in the Munich Academy from 1858, and its director after 1874. Among his paintings are "Seni before the Body of Wal lens tein," "Nero on the Ruins of Rome," "Columbus Pinch wife, Mr. as Discoverer of America," "Galileo in Prison," "Death of Cæsar" "Triumph of Germanic us," etc. Pilpay (pil'pi), or Bidpai (bid'pi). "The Fables of Pilpay" is the alternative title of "Kalilah and Dimnah," the Arabic translation of the Pahlavi translation of the Sanskrit original of the Pan chat antra. See Kalilah and Dimnah . According to the Arabic introduction, Dabshelim was the first king of the Indian restoration after the fall of the governor appointed by Alexander B. C. 326, and was very wicked. To reclaim him, a Brahman has recourse to parable. This wise man is called in Arabic bidbah, and in Syriac bidvag. These words Benfey traces through the Pahlavi to the Sanskrit vidyapati, master of sciences." Accordingly bidbah, which has become Bidpai or Pilpay in modern books, is not a proper name, but an appellative applied to the chief pandit or court scholar of an Indian prince. La Fontaine tells us that he owes most of his new material to Pilpay, the Indian sage. Régnier's edition of La Fontaine gives references to the Indian sources. Pilsen (pil's en). A city in Bohemia, situated at the he junction of the Mies and Radbusa, in lat. 49° 45′ N., long. 13° 23′ E. It is the second city of Bohemia; has various manufactures; and is especially famous for the manufacture and export of Pilsener beer. It was stormed by Mansfeld in 1618, and was one of the scenes of the conspiracy of Wal lens tein in 1634. Population (1890), commune, 50,221. Pim (pim), Bedford Clapper ton Trevelyan. Born at Bideford, England, June 12, 1826: died at London, Oct. 1, 1886. An English admiral. He entered the navy in 1842; took part in the Franklin search-expedition which sailed under Sir E. Belcher in 1852; commanded a gunboat on the Baltic during the Crime an war; and in 1860 protected Nicaragua against the filibusters. He was promoted captain in 1863, and retired in 1870. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1873, and was a Conservative member of Parliament 18741880. He wrote "The Gate of the Pacific" (1863), etc. Pima (pē'mä). [Pl., also Pimas .] An agricultural tribe of North American Indians, residing on reservations in the Salado and Gila valleys, southern Arizona. Number, 4,464. Also called Upper Pima or (Sp.) Pima Alta , in contradistinction to Pima Baja or Nevome . See Piman . Pima Baja. See Nevome . Piman (pē'man). A linguistic stock of North American Indians. It embraces the following divi- sions: Pima (from which the stock was named), Papago, Sobaipuri, Nevome or Lower Pima, Opata, Tarahumar, Cahita, Cora, and Tepehuan. Their habitat extends from the Salado and Gila rivers in southern Arizona over a vast area in northwestern Mexico, including the greater portion of the territory embraced by the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Durango, and parts of Jalisco and Zacatecas. According to some authorities the Piman stock as here recognized forms but part of a linguistic group embracing the Shoshonean, Piman, and Aztec or Nahuatl tribes. Estimated number, 85,000. Pimlico (pim'li-kō). A part of Westminster, London, situated 24 miles west-southwest of St. Paul's. Pinafore (pin'a-for), H. M. S. A comic opera by Sullivan, words by W. S. Gilbert, produced in 1878. Pinakothek (pin'a-kō-thek; G. pron. pē-nä-kōtāk'). [G., from Gr. πινακοθήκη , a picture-gallery.] In modern use, an art gallery. The most celebrated galleries so named are the two in Munich, containing collections of pictures and other works of art. Pinal Coyotero (pē-näl' kō-yō-tē'rō), or Tonto Apache (ton'tō ä-pä'che). One of the subtribes of the Gileño tribe of North American Indians. They are distinct from the Pinaleño or Tchikun and the White Mountain Coyotero. See Gileño . Pinar del Rio (pē-närʼdel rē'ō), formerly Nueva Filipina. A city of western Cuba, 100 miles west-southwest of Havana. It is the center of trade for the tobacco district called Vuelta Abajo. Population (1899), 8,880. Pinch (pinch). A schoolmaster in Shakspere's "Comedy of Errors." Pinch, Ruth. In Dickens's novel “Martin Chuzzlewit," a pretty little body, unreasonably grateful to the Peck sniffs for their patronage of her brother Tom Pinch. Pinch, Tom. In Dickens's novel “Martin Chuzzlewit," an ungainly kind-hearted man of sterling qualities, in the employment of Mr. Pecksniff. "He was perhaps about thirty, but he might have been almost any age between sixteen and sixty." Pinch back (pinch'bak), Pinckney Benton