Abbess

the lady superior of a nunnery, cor- in authority to an abbot, excopt that unlike the abbot, cannot exercise purely ecfunctions, Abbeville, an ancient and prosperous town in department of the Somme, in France, and on river of that. name. The unfinished church of BT, WOLFRAN'H, ABBEVILLE. Wolfran (1488) is « gorgeous specimen of the style (q.v.), but only the fagade is com according to the original design. In the streets are to be found excellent specimens of ancient architecture. The museum, which owes its to Boucher de Perthes (q.v.), the eminent contains a most interesting collection of plements from the drift—an epoch well illusin the valley of the Somme. The manuconsist of woollen and linen goods, soap, paper. The Somme is navigable to this point., aterm used both of an institution con of persons, and of the building in which the dwell. As an institution it signifies ‘a of monks or nuns, presided over by an or abbe , who withdraw themselves from world and bind themselves to live in seclusion. a building, the term is used to designate not 8 Abbot. (4) only such buildings as are actually pos a di by to such aocieties. but alsu cathedrals or churches, Primacy. which were inhabited by monastic communities opposed before the Reformation, [CoNVENT, PRIORY. } of favour Abbot, 4 term derived from Abba (Heb. father), which and originally applied to any ecclesiastic, more estown pecially if old, but later used to signify only the keeper president of a munastery. Later still, it was further Laud restricted to mean the president of an abbey as disthe tinct from the president of a priory, but eventually the this latter limitation was disregarded. Abbots were to ¢nost generally chosen by the monks over whom they Under had to preside, but, in the case of the abbots who House satin the House of Lords, the a ent of the Crown bishop was also nece ary for election, Up to the sixth his century all abbots were not nece arily priests, but after that date most of them held clerical orders, and in 787 they were allowed to give minor orders upon to their subjects. At first they were under the jurishe diction of the bishops, but in the eleventh century turreted somo of thelr number succeeded in throwing off rose the yoke, and they henceforth owned no authority himself save the Pope; abbots of this cla were known as chateau, exempted or inaulated abbvta. Permi ion to wear museum mitres was frequently given to abbots, sometimes great without exemption from episcopal authority, and were before tho Reformation tweauty-seven mitred abbots interesting and two priors sat in the House of Lords. They fine ceased to be peers, however, after the suppre ion of the monasteries, omitting Abbot, Gorge, born 1662, son of a cloth worker very at Guild ford, educated at Balliol College, Oxford, ancient subsequently became Master of University College and and Vice-Chancellor, He espoused the cause of ment the English reformers, and thus was brought into training. collision with Laud. He was made Dean of Winin chester in 1599, and entrusted with the translation in of the Gospels, In 1608 he visited Scotland, and contractions advocated Episcopacy, for which he was appointed tive, to the seo of Lich field, and subsequently transferred A.B.—Able-bodied seaman. Bachelor of B.D,-- Bachelor of Divinity. Arta (Artium Bacoalaurens). K/L, ~-RAU of Lading. A.C. --Before Christ (ante Christum). BVL.—Bachelor of Laws. fac., afc, or acct, —Account. B.M. —Briviah Museum, A.D.-~In the Year of Our Lord (Anno | B.P,— British Pharmacopeeia, Domi ne). point, A.D.C.— Aide-de-camp. B.8c.—Bachelor of Science. Ad, lib, ---At ploasure (ad Lihitut), B.V,M.— Bleased Virgin | Zit. or Miat.--In the year of his, or C.—Centigrade, Celaus. her, age (art at is anno). | C.A.—Chartered Accountant. A.H.--tn the Year of the Hegira, 622 Cantab.--Of Cam bridge(Can tahr i gien sis) A.D. (Anno Hegire). | Cantuar.—Of Canterbury(Cantuarensis). A.M. --In the Year of the World (Anno C.8,—Companion of the | mundt). Before noon (ante meridiem) 0.0. —County Oouneillor. Master of Arts (Artitom Magister), Counell (City of London).: Anon. — Anony mais, C.C,.C.—Corpus Christ i A.Tt.A.—Asnociate of the Royal Acade- CE. —Civil fingineer. my. | Cont.—Hunitred. A. RH A.— A ociate of the Royal Hi. Cf.—Com pare ( confer ). bernian Academy, C.1L.E.—Companion of A.R.5.A.--Aanociate of the Royal Empire. Soottish Academy. C.1.—Order of the Crown A.8, —Anglo.Baxon, C.M. and Ch.M.—Maater A.U.C,.—From the oaading of rome C.M.G.—Companion of St. George. C.M.S.—Church Mi ionary A 1,—Firat clam of shijs. c/o.—Care of, B.A. Bacheior of Arta, Bart. or Bt. Baronet. ~Before Christ. C.8.1.—Com panton of C.L.—Bachelor of Civil Lawa Cwt.—Hundredweight. Abbreviations. London. In 1611 he was promoted to the In politics he took the popular side, and the views of James I. as to the Counte E ex's divorce, and the king’s declaration in of Sunday sports. He founded the hospital still exists at Guild ford, and retired to that in 1619. In 1621 he, by accident, killed a whilst shooting deer in Lord Zouch’s ee insisted that this act of homicide disqualified archbishop from all priestly functions. But king took Abbot’s part, and the latter returning court, was present at his sovereign’s death, 1625. Charles I. Abbot was suspended; but the of Lords, on petition, restored the arch to his office, which he continued to hold till death in 1633. His succe or was Laud.