scapulalgia (skapulaljia)

[NL., of the scapula. scapular (skap'ū-lär), a. and n. [I. a. brates which have fore limbs or pectoral fins the suspensorium or bony apparatus for suspending such limb or from the trunk or head, the limb or fin from the shoulder joint or its representative being the diverging appendage of the scapular arch. In all higher vertebrates (mammals, birds, and reptiles) the scapular arch consists primitively of a cartilaginous rod, more or le perfectly segmented into a proximal moiety (scapula) and a distal moiety (coracoid), to which an acce ory bone (clavicle) is frequently added, together with various other supplementary o eous or cartilaginous pieces, either in the median line in front or in the line of the clavicle. In a batrachian, as the frog, there is a distinct superior o ification forming a supra scapula, with a pre coracoid and an epicoracoid, besides the coracoid proper. In fishes the scapular arch is still further modified, especially by the presence of additional coracoid elements which have been variously homologized. Also called scapular girdle, and pectoral arch or girdle. See scapula, coracoid, pre scapula, supra scapula, ectocoracoid, epicoracoid, hyper coracoid, pre cor a cord, and cuts under epipleura, omosternum, interclavicle, sternum, scapulocoracoid, and scapula. - Scapular artery. (a) Dorsal, a large branch of the subscapular, which winds over the axillary border of the scapula to ramify in the infra spinous fo a. Also called dorsal is scapula. (b) Posterior, the continuation of the transversal is coll i along the vertebral border of the scapula as far as the inferior angle. - Scapular crow. See crow2 and scapи lated. -Scapular feathers, in ornith., those feathers which grow upon the pteryla humeral is or humeral tract; a packet of feathers lying upon the wing at or near its insertion into the body. See II., 3.- Scapular hyoid muscle. Same as omohyoid. - Scapular line, a vertical line drawn on the back through the inferior angle of the scapula.-Scapular point, a tender point developed in neuralgia of the brachial plexus, and situated at the inferior angle of the scapula. - Scapular reflex, a contraction of some of the scapular muscles from stimulation of the skin in re which it is primi Right Shoulder-girdle or Scapular Arch of tively the proximal lum; Co, coracoid; Sc, scapula; gl, glenoid. part of a cartilagi nous rod, the distal part of which is segmented off to form the coracoid. It a umes the most various shapes in different animals, but is usually flattened and expansive in mam mals, in birds slender and saber-like. The scapula, whatever its shape, normally maintains connection with the coracoid, which is then a separate bone, but in all mammals above the monotremes the coracoid is completely consolidated with the scapula, appearing as a mere pro ce of the latter. The human, like other mammalian scapulæ, with the exception noted, is therefore a compound bone, consisting of scapula and coracoid united. The scapula, or scapula and coracoid together, normally furnish an articulation for the clavicle when the latter is fully developed. In mammals above monotremes this articulation is with the spine or acromion. The glenoid cavity for the articulation of the humerus is always at the junction of the scapula proper with the coracoid, and when the latter is separate both bones enter into its formation. Morphologically a well-developed scapula, as in a mammal, has two ends, three borders, and three surfaces, corresponding to the prismatic rod of primitive cartilage; these parts, however, do not correspond with the borders, angles, and surfaces described in human anatomy (for which see shoulder - blade ), the vertebral border, for instance, being really one end of the bone, and the edge of the spine being one of the morphological borders. The three surfaces correspond to the supra spinous, infra spinous, and subscapular fo e, better known as the pre scapular, post scapular, and subscapular surfaces. In all mammals and birds, and most reptiles proper, the scapula closely conforms to the characters here given. In batrachians and fishes, however, whose scapular arch is complicated with additional bones, the modifications are various, and some of the coracoid elements have been wrongly regarded and named as scapular. See cuts under omosternum, scapulocoracoid, and shoulder-blade. See also post scapular, pre scapular, sub scapular, supra scapular. 2. In Crinoidea, one of the plates in the cup which give rise to the arms.-3. In entom.: (a) One of the par apsides or plicæ scapula res on the side of the mesothorax. Thomson. (b) A pleura, including the episternum and epimer on, the latter being distinguished by Bur meister as other intercapular region scapula region, the the venæ comites of the scapular arteries. II. n. 1. A short cloak with a hood, apparently confined to monastic orders, and among them the garment for use while at work, etc., as distinguished from a fuller and longer robe; scapuloradial scapular.] In ornith., the region of the back or notæum whence spring the scapular feathers, alongside but not over the shoulder-blade. The insertion of the feathers of the scapulare is upon the pteryla humeral is, and not upon the pteryla dorsal is. See interscapulum. Also scapularium.