MUNF

MANF ( منف‎ ). The ancient Memphis. Mentioned in the Commentary of the Jalālān on the Qurʾān, Sūrah xxviii. 14 , as the city in which Moses killed the Egyptian. MUNFIQ ( منفق‎ ). Lit . “One who spends.” A charitable person. Qurʾān, Sūrah iii. 15 : “Upon the patient, the truthful, the devout, the charitable, and those who ask for pardon at the dawn.” [ MUMSIK .] MUNKAR and NAKĪR ( منكر و نكير‎ ). “The Unknown” and “The Repudiating.” The two angels who are said by Muḥammad to visit the dead in their graves and to interrogate them as to their belief in the Prophet and his religion. They are described as two black angels with blue eyes. ( Mishkāt , book i. ch. v.) [ PUNISHMENTS OF THE GRAVE .] AL -MUNTAQIM ( المنتقم‎ ). “The Avenger.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It is referred to in the Qurʾān, Sūrah xxxii. 22 : “Verily We will take vengeance on the sinners.” Also Sūrahs xliii. 40 , and xliv. 15 . AL -MUQADDIM ( المقدم‎ ). “The Bringer-forward.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It does not occur in the Qurʾān, but is given in the Ḥadīs̤ . MUQAUQIS ( مقوقس‎ ). The Roman Viceroy of Egypt; al-Muqauqis being his official title. Muḥammad, in the year A.H . 7 ( A.D . 628), sent an emba y to this official, inviting him to Islām. The Governor received the emba y kindly, and sent the following reply, “I am aware that a prophet is yet to arise; but I am of opinion he will appear in Syria. Thy me enger hath been received with honour. I send for thine acceptance two female slaves, who are much admired by the Copts, and also a present of raiment, and a mule for thee to ride on.” Mary, the fairest of the Coptic damsels, Muḥammad kept for himself, and gave the other to Ḥa ān the poet. [ MUHAMMAD , MARY THE COPT .] MUQĀYAẒAH ( مقايضة‎ ). Exchanging, bartering, giving an equivalent in anything but money. ( Hidāyah , Arabic ed., vol. iii. p. 8.) AL -MUQĪT ( المقيت‎ ). “The Mighty or Guardian.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. Sūrah iv. 88 : “Verily God keepeth watch over everything.” AL -MUQSIT̤ ( المقسط‎ ). “The Equitable.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It does not occur in the Qurʾān , but is given in the Ḥadīs̤. MUQTADĀ ( مقتدى‎ ). Lit . “Followed, worthy to be followed.” An exemplary person, as being eminent for sanctity of character. MUQTADĪ ( مقتدى‎ ). “Follower.” The person who stands behind the Imām in the usual prayers and recites the Iqāmah . [ IQAMAH .] AL -MUQTADIR ( المقتدر‎ ). “The Powerful or Prevailing.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It occurs three times in the Qurʾān:— Sūrah xviii. 43 : “For God is powerful over all.” Sūrah liv. 42 : “As he only can punish, who is the Mighty, the Strong .” Sūrah v. 55 : “With the powerful king.” MURĀBAḤAH ( مرابحة‎ ). A legal term for selling a thing for a profit, when the seller distinctly states that he purchased it for so much and sells it for so much. MURĀHAQAH ( مراهقة‎ ). Arriving at Makkah when the ceremonies of the ḥajj are nearly finished. [ HAJJ .] MURĀHIQ ( مراهق‎ ). A legal term for a boy or girl who is near the age of puberty. MURĀQABAH ( مراقبة‎ ). Meditation; contemplation. An act of devotion performed by the Ṣūfīs. [ SUFI .]