Here [Tanis, Sanj also Mr

Petrie discovered the remains of the largest colo us ever sculptured by the hand of man. This huge figure represented Rameses II. in that position known as "the hieratic attitude"; that is to say, with the arms straightened to the sides, and the left foot advanced in the act of walking. It had been cut up by Osorkon II., of the Twenty second Dynasty, to build a pylon gateway; and it was from the fallen blocks of this gateway that Mr. Petrie recognized what it had originally been. Among these fragments were found an ear, part of a foot, pieces of an arm, part of the pilaster which supported the the back and part of the breast, on which are carved the royal ovals. Ex pede Herculem . These fragments (mere chips of a few tons each), although they represent but a very small portion of the whole, enabled Mr. Petrie to measure, describe, and weigh the shattered giant with absolute certainty. He proved to have been the most stupendous colo us known. Those statues which approach nearest to him in size are the colo i of Abu-Simbel, the torso of the Rame eum, and the colo i of the Plain. These, however, are all seated figures, and, with the exception of the torso, are executed in comparatively soft materials. But the Rameses of Tanis was not only sculptured in the obdurate red granite of A ûan, and designed upon a larger scale than any of these, but he stood erect crowned, ninety-two feet high from top to toe, or one hundred and twenty-five feet high including his pedestal. Edwards , Pharaohs, Fellahs, etc., p. 53. Rameses III., or Ramses. An Egyptian king (about 1200 в. c.), the founder, or according to some the second king, of the 20th dynasty. He reigned 32 years and conducted succe ful campaigns. Rame eum (ram-es-sē'um), commonly, but erroneously, called the Memnonium (mem-noni'um). A splendid monument built by Rameses II. at Thebes in Egypt. The entrance, between two great pyramidal towers, opens on a court about 200 feet square, which had on each side a double range of columns. The second court, a little smaller, has Osiride pillars in front and rear, and double ranges of columns on the sides. From the rear portico is entered the splendid hypostyle hall, which has 8 ranges of 6 columns, forming 9 aisles. The columns of the central aisle, 32 feet high and over 21 in circumference, are the largest, and still support part of the lintels of the roof. The capitals are of the spreading bell-form. Beyond the hypostyle hall were 9 chambers in 3 rows, the first two of the central row columned. Among the sculptures the colo al seated figure of Rameses in the outer court, now shattered, should be IMG:content-0960.png:[blocks in formation] jab, British India, situated on the Chenab 60 miles north-northwest of Lahore. It was the scene of a battle between the British under Gough and the Sikhs in 1848. Rameswaram (rä-mes'wa-räm), or Ramesh- war am (-mesh'-), or Ram is ser am (rä-mis'e- räm). An island between India and Ceylon, forming the western end of Adam's Bridge. Here is a Dravidian temple of great size. The plan is a Ramoth Gilead (ra'moth gil'e-ad) and Ra- rectangle 672 by 868 feet, with a large gopura or pylon in the middle of each face except the eastern, which has a portico, the gopura here rising from within the structure. The interior consists of corridors forming two rectangles, one within the other, but not concentric, and cro ed by galleries connecting the four gopuras. In the center is the small shrine, with a gilt ball and spire. The corridors are about 30 feet wide and high, and those on the sides are nearly 700 feet long. They are flanked on each side by compound piers on a continuous dado, with bracket-cap sculptured itals supporting with arabesque an ornamented designs ceiling. of remarkable The piers variety are and richne . The construction is a igned to the 17th century. Ramganga, or Ramgunga (räm-gung'gä), or Ram a gang a (rä-ma-gung'gä). A river in British India, which joins the Ganges 53 miles north northwest of Cawnpore. Length, over 300 miles. Ramillies (rä-mē-yē'). A village in the province of Brabant, Belgium, 29 miles southeast of Bru els. Here, May 23, 1706, the Allies under the Duke of Marl borough defeated the French and Bavarians under Villeroi. The lo of the French was about 13,000; of the Allies, over 3,500. The victory led to the capture of nearly all the fortre es held by the French in the Low Countries. Rami nag rob is (rä-me-nä-grō'bis). In Rabelais's "Pant a gruel," an aged poet: intended for Crétin, a poet celebrated in his time, now neglected. La Fontaine gives this name to a great cat in his "Fables." Ramirez (rä-mē'reth), Juan. Born about 1765: died after 1823. A Spanish general in Peru. He was the principal lieutenant of Goyeneche in Charcas (1809-12), and subsequently held a separate command against the formidable rebellion of Pumacagua in Peru, finally defeating him at the battle of Umachiri, March 11, and a large number were put to death. In 1816 he was made president of Quito, where, on May 24, 1822, he was defeated by the patriots the battle of Ramirez treated the prisoners with great cruelty, Pichincha Ramirez then capitulated and left Quito, which was never again occupied by the Spaniards. Ramirez, Norberto. Born about 1800: died in 1856. A'Central American politician, president of Salvador 1840-41, and of Nicaragua April 1, 1849, to March 14, 1851. Ramiro (ra-mērō) II. Died Jan. 5, 950. King of Leon and Asturias from about 930 to 950. He defeated the calif Abd-er-Rahman III. on the plain of Simancas July 21, 939. Ram is ser am. See Rameswaram . Ramleh (räm'le). [Ar., 'sand.] A town in Palestine, an important stopping-place on the road from Jaffa to Jerusalem, 13+ miles from Jaffa. It was founded by the Ommiad calif Suleiman, and was twice captured during the Crusades by the Saracens. Napoleon had his headquarters there. Population, about 8,000. Ramman (rämʼmän). An A yro-Babylonian divinity who presided over storms. The eleventh month (the rainy month), Shebat, was dedicated to him. His worship extended over Syria (2 Ki. v. 18), under the names Dad , Hadad , and also Rimmon . See Hadad -rim mon . Ramman-Nirari (räm'män-ni-rä're). The name of several kings of As syria. The first reigned about 1345 B. C.; the second, 911-890 в. с.; and the third, 811-782 в. с. The last conquered many of the neighboring and restored A yrian influence in Rammels berg (rämmels-berg). A mountain in the Harz, Germany, directly south of Goslar. It is noted for its mines of copper, lead, silver, etc. Height, 2,040 feet. Rammohun Roy (räm-mō-hun' roi). Born about 1774 in the district of Murshidabad: died at Bristol, England, Sept. 27, 1833. The first great modern theistical reformer of India. His was a Brahman, and his grandfather had been an of ficial of the Mogul emperors. Disgusted with the extrava gant Hindu mythology, at 16 he composed a tract against idolatry. Persecuted, he fled to Benares and then to Tibet that he might converse with Buddhist priests, being determined to study each religion at its fountainhead. He learned Pali to read the Tripitaka, as later Arabic, Hebrew, and Greek to read the sacred books of those languages, At 20 he returned and resumed his Sanskrit studies, at the same time learning English. After his father's death in 1803 his antagonism to idolatry became more marked, and he set on foot the movement which resulted in 1830 in abolishing the self-immolation of widows (sati). He formed at Calcutta in 1816, the Atmiya Sabha, or Spiritual Society, which became in 1830 the Brahma Sabha, 'the A embly or Society of God, the precursor of the later Adi-BrahmaSamaj and Brahma Samaj or Brahmo Somaj. In April, 1831, he visited England, where he stayed until his death. Ramnes (ram'nēz). One of the three tribes into which the ancient Roman people were said to have been divided: supposed to represent the Latin element in the composition of the nation. Ramona (ra-mō'nä). A novel by Helen Hunt Jackson, published in 1884. It is an exposure of the wrongs suffered by the North American Indians. moth Mizpah (miz'pä). Places (or a place) in Bible geography, probably identical with Mizpah (which see). Rampur (räm-pör'). 1. A native state in India, under British protection, intersected by lat. 28° 45′ N., long. 79° E. Area, 945 square miles. Population (1891), 551,249.-2. The capital of the state of Rampur, situated on the Kosila. Population (1891), 76,733. Rampur Beauleah (be-a'le-ä). The capital of the district of Rajshahi, Bengal, British India, situated on the Ganges 130 miles north of Calcutta. Population (1891), 21,407. Ramri, or Ramree (räm-re'). An island west of British Burma, to which it belongs, situated about 120 miles south of Arakan. Length, about 50 miles. Ramsay (ram'zi), Allan. Born at Lead hills, Lan arks hire, Oct. 15, 1686: died at Edinburgh, Jan. 7, 1758. A Scottish poet. He was a peasant by birth, and was apprenticed at fifteen to a barber in Edinburgh. The "Gentle Shepherd," a pastoral comedy, his best-known work, was suggested by the critique of Pope's "Windsor Forest" in the "Guardian," April 7, 1713. It substituted for the pseudo-pastoral poetry of the time the real life of the Scotch shepherds. It has been called "the first genuine pastoral after Theocritus." He set up a book-shop in High street and published his collections of poems; "The Tea-Table Miscellany" (English and Scottish songs, 1724: the music for these was published in 1725), and the "Evergreen," the precursor of "Percy's Reliques,' containing Scottish songs written before 1600 (1724); "Thirty Fables" partly original (1730); "Scots Proverbs (1737); etc. Ramsay, Allan. Born at Edinburgh about 1713: died at Dover, Aug. 10, 1784. A Scottish portrait-painter, son of Allan Ramsay. Ramsay, Sir Andrew Crombie. Born at Glasgow, Jan. 31, 1814: died Dec. 9, 1891. A Scottish geologist. He was appointed director-general of the geological survey of the United Kingdom and of the Museum of Practical Geology in 1872, and was knighted on retiring from these offices in 1881. His works include "Physical Geology and Geography of Great Britain," etc. Ramsay, Andrew Michael, called the Chevalier de Ramsay. Born at Ayr, Scotland, Jan. 9, 1686: died at St.-Germain-en-Laye, France, May 6, 1743. A Scottish-French miscellaneous author. His chief work is "Voyages de Cyrus" (1727). Ramsay, David. Born in Lancaster County, Pa., April 2, 1749: died at Charleston, S. C., May 8, 1815. An American physician, historian, and patriot, a delegate to the Continental Congre . He published a "History of the Revolution of South Carolina, etc.” (1785), "History of the American Revolution" (1789), "Life of Washington" (1807), "History of South Carolina" (1809), "History of the United States (1816: forming part of "Universal History American i zed," in 12 vols., 1819), etc. Ramsay, Edward Banner man Burnett. Born at Aberdeen, Jan. 31, 1793: died at Edinburgh, Dec. 27, 1872. A Scottish clergyman and author, dean of the diocese of Edinburgh in the Scottish Episcopal Church. "Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character" (1857) is notable. His Ramsay, Fox Maule, second Baron Panmure and eleventh Earl of Dalhousie. Born at Brechin Castle, For far shire, April 22, 1801: died July 6, 1874. A British politician, known at first as Fox Maule. He entered the army in his youth, and was returned to Parliament as a Liberal in 1835. He was secretary at war under Lord John Ru ell (1846-52), and under Lord Palmers ton (1855-58). He succeeded his father in the barony in 1852, and his cousin in the earldom in 1860, a uming the surname of Ramsay after that of Maule by royal license in 1861. Rams bottom (ramz'bot"um). A manufacturing town in Lancashire, England, situated on the Irwell. Population (1891), 16,726. Ramsden (ramz'den), Je e. Born at Salterhebble, near Halifax, England, 1735: died Nov. 5, 1800. An English manufacturer of mathematical instruments. Telescopes and divided circles were among his specialties. Ramses. See Rameses . Ramsey (ram'zi). A seaport and watering-place in the Isle of Man, situated 12 miles north northeast of Douglas. Population (1891), 3,934. Ramsey, Alexander. Born Sept. 8, 1815: died April 22, 1903. An American politician. He was Whig member of Congre from Pennsylvania 18431847; governor of Minnesota Territory 1849-53; governor of Minnesota 1859-63; Republican United States senator from Minnesota 1863-75; secretary of war 1879-81; and a Ramsgate Ramsgate (ramz'gat). [See Thanet .] A seaport in the Isle of Thanet, Kent, England, situated on the North Sea 65 miles east by south of London: an important watering-place. Population (1891), 24,676. Ramus (rä-müs'), Joseph Marius. Born at Aix, France, June 19, 1805: died at Nogent-surSeine, June 3, 1888. A French sculptor. He went to Paris in 1822 and studied with Cortot. Among his works are "Daphnis et Chloé," "L'Innocence," "Céphale et Procris," "Anne d'Autriche" (gardens of the Luxembourg), a statue of Puget for Marseilles, Saint Michel and Saint Gabriel for the Church of St. Eustache, etc. Ramus (rā'mus), Petrus (Pierre de la Ramée). Born at Cuth, Ver man do is, France, 1515: killed in the ma acre of St. Bartholomew, Aug. 24, 1572. A French logician, noted for his writings directed against Aristo tel i an ism. Ramusio (rä-mö'sē-ō), Giovanni Battista. Born at Treviso, Italy, June 20, 1485: died at Padua, July 10, 1557. A Venetian statesman and author, secretary of the Senate and later of the Council of Ten. He traveled in various European countries. By correspondence he was acquainted with Oviedo, Cabot, and other distinguished historians and travelers; and he was indefatigable in collecting accounts of the explorations made in his time. His "Delle navigation i e Viaggi, etc." (3 vols. 1550-59-63 and subsequent editions) is one the most important the early collections trav els. Ramusio's name first appeared in the second volume, which was delayed until 1559. Ran (rän). [ON. Rán .] In Old Norse mythology, a water-demon, the godde of the sea, where she caught drowning men in her net. She was the Randolph, Theodore Frelinghuysen Fitz. Born at New Brunswick, N. J., June 24, 1826: died at Morris town, N. J., Nov. 7, 1883. An American politician. He was Democratic governor of New Jersey 1869–72, and United States senator from New Jersey 1875-81. Randolph, Thomas. Born at Houghton, Daventry, North amp tons hire, 1605: died 1634. An English poet and dramatist. He was educated at Westminster and Cambridge, and was also incorporated at Oxford. Ben Jonson adopted him as one of his "sons." He wrote "Aristippus," "The Muses' Looking-Gla , a Comedy," "Amyntas, or the Impo ible Dowry," "The Conceited Pedlar," "The Jealous Lovers," "Down with Knavery" (from the "Plutus" of Aris toph anes), etc.; also a number of minor poems. Randolph-Macon College. An institution of learning at Ashland, Virginia, opened in 1832. It is under the control of the Methodist Episcopal Church (South). It has about 400 students. Random (random) Island. A small island in Trinity Bay, eastern Newfoundland. Random Sound. An inlet south of Random Island. Randon (ron-don'), Comte Jacques Louis Cé- March 25, 1795: died at Geneva, Jan. 16, 1871. sar Alexandre. Born at Grenoble, France, A French marshal, governor-general of Alge- ria and minister of war under Napoleon III. Rands fjord (ränds'fyôrd). A lake in southern Norway, north of Christiania. It has its outlet into Christiania Fjord. Length, 44 miles. wife of Ægir, but typified the destructive characteristics Ranelagh (ran'e-lä) Gardens. Gardens for of the sea. Ran of Kachh. See Kachh . Rancagua (rän-käg'wä). A city of Chile, capital of the province of O'Higgins, 43 miles south of Santiago. Here the patriots under O'Higgins were defeated by the Spaniards under Osorio in a two days' battle in the streets, Oct. 1-2, 1814. O'Higgins escaped with only a small part of his force. Carrera was held responsible for this defeat, as he could have reinforced O'Higgins. The disaster made the Spaniards masters of Chile until 1817. Population, about 8,000. IMG:content-0961.png:[ocr errors] Rancé (ron-sā'), Armand Jean le Bout hillier de. Born at Paris, Jan. 9, 1626: died at Soligny-la-Trappe, Orne, France, Oct. 12, 1700. Abbot of La Trappe: founder of the Trappists. Rand, The. See Wit waters rand . Randall (ran'dal), Alexander Williams. Born in Montgomery County, N. Y., Oct., 1819: died at Elmira, N. Y., July 25, 1872. An American politician. He was Republican governor of Wis cons in 1857-61; United States minister to Italy 1861-62; and postmaster-general 1866-69. Randall, James Ryder. Born at Baltimore, Jan. 1, 1839. An American song-writer and journalist, author of "Maryland, my Maryland" (1861), and other songs in behalf of the Confederate cause. Randall, Samuel Jackson. Born at Philadelphia, Oct. 10, 1828: died at Washington, D. C., April 13, 1890. An American statesman. He was a Democratic member of Congre from Pennsylvania from 1863 until his death, and was speaker of the House 1876-81. He was noted as the leader of the Protectionist Democrats. Randall's Island. An island in the East River, opposite the upper part of New York city, to which it belongs. It contains several hos Rand egger (rän'deg-ger), Alberto. Born at Triest, April 13, 1832. An Italian composer, conductor, and singing-master. He went to England in 1854, and in 1868 was made profe or of singing at the Royal Academy of Music. pitals and other institutions. Randers (rän'ders). The capital of Randers province in Jutland, Denmark, situated on the Guden-Aa 22 miles north by west of Aarhuus. It has manufactures of gloves, etc., and was a flourishing town in the middle ages. Population (1890), 16,617. Randolph (ran'dolf), Edmund. Born at Williams burg, Va., Aug. 10, 1753: died in Clarke County, Va., Sept. 13,1813. An American statesman, nephew of Peyton Randolph. He was a delegate to Congre 1779 and 1780-82; governor of Virginia 1786-88; an influential delegate to the Constitutional Convention 1787 (introducer of the "Virginia Plan"); attorney general 1789-94; and secretary of state 1794-95. Randolph, John, "of Roanoke." Born at Cawsons, Chesterfield County, Va., June 2, 1773: died at Philadelphia, June 24, 1833. An American statesman. He was Democratic member of Con merly situated near the Thames, in Chelsea, London. They were noted for concerts from 1740 to 1805, and famous the scene of wild and extravagant entertainments, masquerades, etc. They were closed in 1805, and no trace now remains. Ranen Fjord (ränen fyôrd). A fiord on the western coast of Norway, in lat. 66° 20′ Ν. Rangeley (rānj'li) Lakes. A group of lakes in the western part of Maine, including Rangeley Lake, Lake Umbagog (partly in New Hampshire), etc. Their outlet is by the Andro scog gin. Ranger (rān'jer). 1. A character in Wycherley's comedy "Love in a Wood": a brilliant specimen of the rakish fine gentleman of the period. 2. A similar character in Hoadley's "Suspicious Husband." Garrick created it. Rangoon, or Rangun (rän-gön'). The capital of Lower Burma, in the Pegu division, situated on the river Rangoon in lat. 16° 46′ N., long. 96°11′E. It forms a district. It has considerable com merce in rice, etc., and its principal industry is ship-build ing. The Shoed a gong Pagoda is at the base a polygon of many sides carried up in a concave cone with decorated surface, and terminating in a sharp finial. It is about 400 feet in diameter and 300 high, and the base is surrounded by a great number of little pagodas. Rangoon was founded in 1753. It was taken by the British in 1824 and 1852. Population, including cantonment (1891), 180,324. Rangpur, or Rungpoor (rung-pör'). 1. A district in Bengal, British India, intersected by lat. 25° 40′ N., long. 89° 15′ E. Area, 3,486 square miles. Population (1891), 2,065,464. 2. The capital of the district of Rangpur, situated on the river Ghaghat. Population (1891), 14,216.