Crookes, William

F. R. S., chemist and physicist, was born in London in 1832, and received his education at the Royal College of Chemistry. He founded and edited the Chemical News , and was also editor of the Quarterly Journal of Science. In his researches he discovered, in 1861, the metal thallium. He gave some time to the investigation of modern spiritualism, and was convinced of the existence of power exerted by an intelligent disembodied agency. His attention has also been given to chemistry applied in the arts, and he has studied and written upon the subject of sanitation. Treatises have been written by him on The Manufacture of Beet-Root Sugar in England; Dyeing and Calico Print ing , . He is the translator of German and French works on chemical subjects, and has also published Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism, . His experiments with air in states of very high vacuum have been of the greatest importance, and led to a theory that there is a "fourth state of matter" more highly attenuated than, and with properties differing from, those of gaseous state. The exhausted tubes he devised in this inquiry are now used in the study of the X-ray phenomena. The Academy of Science of Paris awarded him (1880) a special gold medal for his important discoveries in physics and chemistry. IMG:content-0497.jpg:[graphic] Fig . 2793.-PROF. WILLIAM CROOKES. Crookes Tube. See GEISSLER'S TUBE. Crooks'ton, in Minnesota , a thriving city, cap. of Polk co., on Great Northern and Northern Pacific R.Rs., 63 m. N. of Glyndon. In a wheat and lumber region. Pop . (1895) 3,670. Crop Reports. Weekly reports i ued by the Weather Bureau of the United States describing the condition and prospects of the various agricultural staples during the planting and growing season. Crosby, HowWARD, D.D., LL.D., educator and theologian, was born in New York city, Feb. 27, 1826. After his graduation from the University of New York he became profe or of Greek in that institution, and subsequently took a similar position in Rutgers College, N. J. (1859) He was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in New Brunswick, and of the Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York city. Received the appointment of Chancellor of the University of New York in 1870; and was one of the revisers of the New Testament. He was active as a reformer, especially as president of the N. Y. Society for the Prevention of Crime. His works include: Bible Manual; Life of Jesus; The Christian Preacher, . Died in New York, March 29, 1891.