Henry

Unit of SELF-INDUCTION (q.v.). Henry I., “BEAUCLERC," 1068-1135. King of England 1100; son of William I. He seized and kept the throne in the absence of his brother Robert. Henry II., 1133-1189. King of England 1154; son of Geoffrey Plantage net and Matilda, daughter of Henry II. From his father and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, he acquired nearly half of France. His reign was marked by legal reforms, and disturbed by controversy with Thomas à Becket and the rebellion of his sons. Henry III., 1207-1272. King of England 1216; son of John. His misrule caused a rebellion; he was defeated at Lewes May 14, 1264, by Montfort, who called a Parliament Jan. 20, 1265. Henry IV., 1367-1413. King of England 1400; son of John of Gaunt and grandson of Edward III.; banished by Richard II. 1398. He returned 1399 and deposed Richard, establishing the House of Lancaster. Henry V., 1387-1422. King of England 1413; son of Henry IV. He won a great victory at Agin court Oct. 25, 1415, married a French prince . Catherine, 1420, and continued his father's persecution of the Lollards. Henry VI., 1421-1471. King of England 1422; son of Henry V.; crowned King of France 1431; a weak and unfortunate monarch, whose armies were driven from France 1453 and worsted in the wars of the Roses, despite the heroism of his queen, Margaret of Anjou, by Edward of York, who was twice Protector, and finally deposed him. He was imprisoned 1465, restored by Warwick 1470, and after the battle of Tewksbury murdered in the Tower. Henry VII., 1457-1509. King of England 1485; descended from John of Gaunt and grandson of Owen Tudor; Earl of Richmond; attainted 1461. He defeated and killed Richard III. IMG:content-0552.jpg:[graphic] IMG:content-0553.jpg:[graphic][merged small][merged small] volved in the war between Charles V. and Francis I.; opposed Luther 1521; deposed Wolsey 1529; executed Bp. Fisher, Sir Thomas More, Cromwell, his wives, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, and many others; despoiled the monasteries, and made himself head of the English Church in place of the Pope. He was an imperious tyrant, whose divorce from Catherine led to vast results, and whose willfulne opened the door to the English Reformation. Froude and others have vainly endeavored to rehabilitate his memory. Henry I., 1005-1060. King of France 1031; son of Robert II. Henry II., 1519-1559. King of France 1547; son of Francis II.; husband of Catharine de' Medici 1533. Ruled by the Guises and other favorites, he was embroiled with Spain, Germany, and England, was defeated at St. Quentin 1557, and by the treaty of Château-Cambresis, 1559, gave up his conquests in Italy. Henry III., 1551-1589. Third son of Henry II.; King of Poland 1573, and of France 1574; notorious for frivolity in the early part of his reign, and pitiable in later years for his vain struggles against the aggre ions of the Catholic League. Driven to extremity, and almost dethroned, he procured the murder of Guise Dec. 1588, secured the alliance of Navarre, and was soon a a inated by an emi ary of the League. With him ended the House of Valois. Henry IV., 1553–1610. King of France 1589; son of Antoine de Bourbon and grandson of Henry, King of Navarre. He fought at Jarnac 1569; married Margaret of Navarre 1572, narrowly escaped the ma acre of St. Bartholomew, and was held at Paris till 1576; led the Huguenots in all their wars and negotiations; became heir-presumptive 1584, but was excommunicated 1585; was bitterly opposed by the League after Henry III.'s death, and recognized by le than half of France; Cardinal Bourbon, his relative, was set up as Charles X. He won a great victory at Ivry, March 14, 1590, and besieged Paris; but IMG:content-0554.jpg:[merged small][graphic] IMG:content-0555.png:[graphic][merged small] it was clear that the nation would not accept a Protestant king. At Rosny's advice he submitted to Rome 1593, and was crowned 1594. The war lasted till 1598; as soon as it was over he enforced toleration under the Edict of Nantes. He reformed the finances, initiated many improvements, and raised the country from its long depre ion. His life was attempted 19 times; his plan of armed intervention in the wars of Germany was foiled by the dagger of Ravaillac. Though pleasure-loving and licentious, he was wise, just, and merciful, a brilliant soldier, and a great ruler, a friend of progre and liberty, and the most picturesque figure of his time. Henry I., OF GERMANY, "THE FOWLER," 876-936. Duke of Saxony 912, King 919; conquered Lorraine 925. He warred with Slavs, Hungarians, and Danes, and died when about to a ume the imperial title. Henry II., 972-1024. Duke of Bavaria 995; King of Germany 1002; Emperor 1014; canonized 1152. His day is July 15. Henry III., 1017-1056. King of the Germans 1026, Emperor 1039; son and succe or of Conrad II.; a vigorous ruler, patron of learning, and builder of churches. Henry IV., 1050-1106. Son and succe or of Henry III.; Emperor 1056, his mother being regent; involved in wars, and excommunicated 1076. His terrible humiliation by Gregory VII. at Cano a, Jan. 1077, was scarcely atoned for by his vengeance 1084. His sons rebelled and one of them dethroned and imprisoned him 1105. Henry V., 1081-1125. Son of Henry IV.; crowned 1111; thrice excommunicated. Henry VI., 1165-1197. Son of Frederick I. He basely im