Bolivar, Simon

(1783-1830), liberator, was the most prominent figure in the struggle of the Spanish South American provinces for independence, being at times absolute dictator. He had the warm sympathy of American public men.. Bolivia. A treaty of peace, friendship, commerce and navigation was concluded between the United States and Bolivia May 13, 1858. The rights of neutrals in this treaty were carefully explained. Bollman’s Case. Bollman was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1807 on a writ of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum, charged with being implicated in a treasonable attempt to levy war upon the United States. (See Burr, Aaron.) The argument of the counsel for the defendant turned upon the authority of the Supreme Court to i ue writs of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum, also upon the nature of a treasonable act. It was decided that the court could i ue writs of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum, but judgment was found for the plaintiff for lack of precision in evidence, to prove the place of commi ion of the treasonable act. Also it was decided that a mere conspiracy to subvert the government by force is not treason; an actual levying of war is nece ary. 87