vidua

[A corrupt Latinized form of Whidah, a territory in Eastern Africa.] [WIDOW-BIRD.] Ornith.: A genus of Ploceide (q.v.), with seven species, from tropical and southern Africa. Bill compre ed, nostrils hidden by plumes; wings third to fifth quills longest, first spurious; tail-feathers and tail-coverts lengthened variously; tarsi with divided scales in front. vid-u-age (age as Ig), subst. [Lat. vidua =a widow.] The state of a widow; widowhood; wid ows collectively. *vid-u-al, adj . [Low Lat. vidual is , from Lat. vidua =a widow, prop. fem. of viduus =widowed.] [WIDOW, 8.] Of, pertaining, or relating to the state of a widow. *vid-u-ā-tion, [Lat. vidua =a widow.] The state of being widowed or bereaved; lo , bereave ment. *vi-du-l-ty, *vi-du-i-tie, s. [Lat. viduitas , from viduus =widowed; Fr. viduité .] The state or condition of a widow; widowhood. "A vow of continued viduitie."-Bp. Hall : Honor of Married Clergy , bk. i., § 6. *vid-u-oŭs, adj . [Latin viduus .] Widowed, be IMG:content-0501.png:[graphic] reaved. "She gone, and her viduous mansion, your heart, to let." Thackeray : New comes ch. lxvi. vie, *vye, v . i. . [A contr. form of envie ; Mid. Eng. envien , from O. Fr. envier ( au jeu )=to vie (Cotgrave); lit. = to invite or challenge (to a game), from Lat. invito to invite (q. v.); cf. Sp. envidar = among gamesters, to invite or to open the game by staking a certain sum; Ital. inuitare ( al giuoco )= to vie or revie at any game, to drop vie; inuito =a vie at play, a vie at any game; also, an inviting, proffer, or or bidding. ( Florio .) The true sense of with being against (as in withstand, fight with ), to vie with to stake against, to wager against. ( Skeat .)] IMG:content-0502.png:[blocks in formation] œ = é; ey = a. qu = kw. II. Law : An inspection of property in dispute, or of a place where a crime has been committed, by the jury previous to the trial of the case. (1) Field of view : [FIELD, 8., A. II. 3.] (2) In view : In sight; po ible to be seen. "The enemy's in view."-Shakesp.: Lear, v. 1. (3) In view of : In consideration of; considering; having regard to. (4) On view : Open or submitted to public inspec- tion; exhibited or open to the public; as, The goods (5) Point of view : The point or direction from which a thing is seen; hence, figuratively, the par- ticular mode or manner in which a thing is viewed, looked at, or considered; a standpoint. (6) To have in view : To have as one's object or aim; to have regard to. *(7) To the view: So as to be seen by everybody; in public. IMG:content-0503.png:[blocks in formation] "Go up and view the country." -Joshua vii. 2. 3. To survey mentally or intellectually; to exam- ine with the mental eye; to consider. "The happiest youth, viewing his progre through." Shakesp.. Henry VI., Pt . III . , iii. 1. 4. To regard; to consider in a particular light. "The appointment was viewed with general approval." -Brit. Quart. Review , lvii. 55. " View these letters." --Shakesp.: Henry VI ., Pt . I., L. L *B. In trans.: To look; to take a view. 1. The act of viewing, seeing, or beholding; sur who views, inspects, surveys, or examines; spec if.- vey or examination by the eye; look, sight. "Whose eye Views all things at one view." Milton: P. L. , ii. 188. view'-I-ne (iew as ū), s . [Eng. viewy ;-ne .] The quality or state of being viewy. "Written with characteristic tendency to over-general. ization and viewine ."- Guardian , May 23, 1860, p. 473. view-le (iew as u), adj . [Eng. view ; -le .] Incapable of being viewed or seen; invisible; not seen or perceived by the eye. IMG:content-0504.png:[blocks in formation] stance of the organization of a vigilance committee was in 1891, when a body of citizens took from the city jail a number of Italians, suspected of being members of the Italian fraternity of murderers 4.] known as the Mafia, and accused of being the mur- derers of Chief of Police David Hennesey, and put them to death by shooting and hanging. This action produced serious complications between the Italian government and that of this country, and partook "A singularly interesting paper upon Viollet-le-Ducas a vignettis."-Notes and Queries, Mar. 26, 1887, p. 260. vignite (as vin'-yit), s . [After Vignes, Moselle, France, where found; suff. -ite ( Min .).] Min .: An impure variety of magnetite (q. v.). vi-gō-ni-a, subst . [Fr. vigogne the vicugna (q.v.).] A dre fabric, either all wool or a mixture of silk and wool. 2. Physical or active strength or force of body in animals. "Unto his limmes (though tir'd), His mother's touch a vigor fresh inspir'd." May: Lucan; Pharsalia , iv. 3. Strength of mind; intellectual force; energy. 4. Strength in animal or vegetable nature or action; heal you r ; as, the vigor of a plant's growth. *5. Efficacy, efficiency, potency, energy. "In the fruitful earth His beams, unactive else, their vigor find." Milton: P. L., viii. 97. vig'-õr, v . t . [VIGOR, 8.] To invigorate. vig-ō-rō-sō, adv . [Ital.] IMG:content-0505.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0506.png:[blocks in formation] *2. To treat as worthle , vile, or of no account. "You shall not find our Savior so bent to con. temn and vilifie a poor suitor."-Hales: Sermon on Luke xviii. 1. The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia "Another to his villa would retire, And spurs as hard as if it were on fire." IMG:content-0508.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0509.png:[blocks in formation] *vyl-an-ous, a. [Eng. villain ; -ous .] 1. Suited to or characteristic of a villain; like a villain; very wicked or depraved. IMG:content-0510.png:[blocks in formation] vil-lan-ous, a . [VILLAINOUS.] vil-lan-ỹ, s . [VILLAINY.] 3. Pitiful, sorry, mean, wretched, vile. "There's villainous news abroad." - Shakesp .: Henry 1814), a French botanist.] "That now me, thoru wam he hab of the maistrie, Dryue he wolde out of ys lond myd gret vilenye ." Robert of Gloucester , p. 54. "Firste I praie you of your curtesie, That ye ne wrette it not my vilanie." Chaucer: C. T., 728. (Prol.) *3. Foul language; obscene speech; obscenity. "In our modern language it [foul speech] is termed villainy, as being proper for rustic boors, or men of coarsest education and employment, who, having their minds debased by being conversant in meanest affairs, do vent their sorry pa ions in such strains." -Barrow : Ser- mon 16. *4. An unbecoming action; ill-treatment. 5. The quality or state of a villain; extreme de- pravity or wickedne . *vil-la-kin, s. [Eng. villa ; dim in. suff. -kin .] 1. A little villa. "I am every day building villa kins , and have given over that of castles."-Gay: Letter to Swift , March 31, 1730. 2. A little village. [Eng. villain ; -age .] 1. The state or condition of a villain or serf. "The other grand division of tenure is that of villein socage, or villenage , which is either pure or privileged villenage; from whence have arisen two other species of our modern tenures."- Black stone : Comment., bk. ii., ch. vi. "If in thy smoke it ends, their glories shine; But infamy and villanage are thine." *vil-la-něl, s. [French villanelle .] A ballad. [VILLANELLA.] "In our Gascon villanels and songs."-Cotton: Mon- taigne , ch. xli. Upon the parts brought into their bondage; No wretchedne is like to sinful villenage ." IMG:content-0511.png:[blocks in formation] A. As adj .: Founded by or connected with St. Vincent de Paul (1577-1660). He was canonized by vil-lūs, s . [VILLI.] vil-nīte, s . [After Vilna, Lithuania, one of its of vincturus , fut. par. of vincio =to bind.] A bind- localities; suff. -ite ( Min .).] ing. Zool. & Palæont .: A family of Polyzoa. Polyzoary erect, rigid, calcareous, branched; the cells dis- posed alternately round an imaginary axis, and having a raised border in front. Chiefly from the Irish Carboniferous Limestone ( Morris & Ether- idge). From the Cretaceous, or perhaps from the Palæozoic rocks. ( Nicholson .) vin-cu-lăm, s. [Lat., from vincio =to bind.] *1. Ord . Lang .: Atie; a bond of union; a fetter. 2. Math .: A sign or character in the form of a horizontal bar written over several terms, to show IMG:content-0512.png:[blocks in formation] *vin'-dě-mỹ, s. [Lat. vindemia .] A vintage. "At the vindemy , in a fair calm morning, shut up close all the stalls in your garden."-C. Butler : Female Monu- ments, p. 75. IMG:content-0513.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Tending or serving to vindicate. 2. Vindictive, revengeful. IMG:content-0514.png:[blocks in formation] tucker i. [VINE-MILDEW.] In general it forms a white and very delicate cottony layer upon the leaves, young shoots, and young grapes of the vine, which soon causes them to be covered by brown spots, and then become first indurated and finally destroyed. The fruit becomes abortive, or dwarfed and juicele , and decay follows. There is a pre- disposition to the disease in certain states of the atmosphere. It first broke out in Kent, England, 1845, whence it spread to the continent of Europe, to Madeira, and to the English vines in- troduced into America, though American vines themselves escaped. Soon after its appearance, Mr. Tucker, a gardener at Margate, England, was the first try sulphur as a remedy. It is tis still the best known, and the fungus has been named after its vine-fungus, s. [VINE-MILDEW.] vine-grub, s. [VINE-FRETTER.] vine-leek, s . Bot .: Allium ampeloprasum . vine-mildew, vine-fungus, s. IMG:content-0515.png:[blocks in formation] Entom.: Selandria vitis , a species of Sawfly, the caterpillar-like larva of which feeds on the vine. *vi-ně-al, a. [Lat. vine us.] Relating to or con- sisting of vines. vined, adj . [Eng. vin(e); -ed.] Having leaves like those of the vine; ornamented with vine 1. Lit .: A weak solution of acetic acid, containing in most cases a certain proportion of extractive mat- ter and mineral salts, according to the source from which it has been derived. Malt vinegar contains from four to six per cent. of real acetic acid, which a fermented extract of malt and grain. It is usu- ally of a deep red-brown color, and is the kind of vinegar most esteemed by the public. Wine vinegar made in France by the acetification of poor and weak wines, contains usually the same amount of acetic acid as malt vinegar, but po e es a differ. ent flavor. A great deal of vinegar is prepared from crabs or sour apples, but it has neither the flavor nor the strength of that made from wine. Cider vinegar, largely used in cider districts, is prepared by adding sugar to a very acid cider, and allowing it to stand in a warm room for some time, or is simply expre ed from crab apples, when it is known as crab-vinegar. German vinegar is made by pa - ing weak alcohol over wood shavings in presence of air. The acetification proceeds much more rapidly than in the case of malt vinegar, but the flavor not so good. Distilled vinegar (white vinegar), i. e., malt or wine vinegar, which has been subjected to distillation, contains from five to seven per cent. of acetic acid, and also some of the e ential princi- ples present in the vinegar from which it is derived. Wood vinegar is crude acetic acid produced in the destructive distillation of wood. When highly puri- fied and diluted, it is not unfrequently sold as white vinegar. [ACETIC-ACID.] Vinegar is largely used as a condiment in cookery, salads, ., and as a preservative ingredient in pickles. Taken inter- nally, it is a refrigerant. Much diluted, it may be used to the body in fever, to check exce - IMG:content-0516.png:[blocks in formation] "For thrice, at least, in compa of the year, Thy vineyard must employ the sturdy steer." Dryden: Virgil ; Georgic ii. 551. IMG:content-0517.png:[graphic] It is a conical ve el or cap, covering a hole in the top of the fermenting-tun, which is in other respects made air-tight. The conical ve el is surrounded by a reservoir of cold water, so that the spirituous vapors rising from the liquid will be condensed on the side of the reservoir, and, running down its sides, be returned to the tun. A tube carries off uncondensed vapors.