Hyocholic Acid

Same as GLYCO-HYOCHOLALIC, q.v. Hyoid Bone, n [Gr. hyoides.] ( Anat.) A bone situated between the root of the tongue and the larynx is called the os hyoides, or hyoid bone, from its supposed resemblance in shape to the letter v or ypsilon. Hyoscya'mia, n. (Chem.) See HYOSCYAMUS. Hyoscya'mus, n. [Gr. huoskuamos ] Henbane, a gen. of plants, order Solanacea. The common henbane, H. niger (Fig. 1349), is an European plant, growing on waste grounds, banks, and commons It is glandular and viscid, and exhales a peculiar odor, which is fœtid and powerful. It blo oms in June or July, the flowers being of a pale straw-color, beautifully pencilled with purple veins. The fruit is the peculiar modification of the capsule termed a pyzis, from its opening transversely by a lid, like a pill-box The whole herb po e es narcotic properties, and has been employed medicinally from the earliest times as a narcotic, anodyne, and soporific. It is sometimes used by oculists in place of belladonna to dilate the pupil. When swallowed in sufficient quantity, it is stated to cause lo of speech, disturbance of vision, distortion of the face, coma, delirium, phantasms, and paralysis. No antidote is known. Its activity is e entially due to the presence of the Fig 1349. THE HENBANE, (H. niger.) IMG:content-0670.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small] angle made by the lines drawn from that point to the foci. The lines KL, MN, pa ing through the centre Z, are asymptotes to the curve. Hyperbole, n. [From Gr. hyperballo , I throw beyond, exceed.] ( Rhet .) A figure by which expre ions are used, which signify more than it is intended to repre- sent to the hearer or reader. When expre ions are made use of and a ertions made which might be deemed incredible or beyond belief, in order to induce credibility in some fact wanted to be proved, the argument may be said to be supported by hyperboles. As is well observed, exaggeration is but hyperbole applied to narrative, in order to produce a better impre ion than would be gained by plain facts alone. Hyperbolic, or HYPERBOLICAL, a. [Gr. hyperbolikos ; Fr. hyperbolique .] ( Geom .) Belonging to the hyper- bola.-( Rhet .) Relating to or containing hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth. Hyperbolically, adv . (Geom.) In the form of an hyperbola. ( Rhet .) With exaggeration; in a manner to expre more or le than the truth. Hyperbolist, n. One who hyperbolizes. Hyperbolize, v. n. To speak with exaggeration. Hyperboloid, n. (Geom.) A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas. Hyperborean, a. [Gr. hyper boreas - hyper , beyond, and boreas , the north.] Northern; belonging to or in- habiting a region very far north; very cold; frigid. afterwards reconciled, and met their tragio fate about the same time, H. being seized in the temple of Ceres, and delivered up to Anti pater, who caused him to be put to death, B. c. 322. Hyperica'ceæ, n. pl. ( Bot . ) The St. John's Wort family, an order of plants, all i- ance Guttiferales .--DIAG. Oblique glandular petals, numerous na- ked seeds, and large, distinct styles. They are herbs, shrubs, and trees, with leaves usually opposite, simple, exstipulate; flowers regular; sepals and petals hypogynous, with a quaternary or quinary distribution; the former with an imbricated sæsti- vation, the latter unequal-sided, commonly marked with black glands, and having a contorted æstivation; stamens hypogyn- ous, usually numerous and po- lydelphous; anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally; styles several, long; fruit 1-celled, or 3- 5-celled. There are 16 genera of Hypericacea , embracing about 276 species, which are generally distributed over the globe. They have commonly a resinous yel- low juice, which is frequently purgative, as in the species of Vismia. Some have tonic and Androsæmum oficinale. Hyperæ'mia, n. [Gr. hyper , and aim a , blood] ( Med .) Congestion of blood in any part. earth. The ancients called H. all the unknown peoples of the West and North. The Greeks imagined the country north of the Rhipæan (generally supposed to be the Ural) Mountains to be inhabited by the H. , and their residence was gradually referred to more distant regions; but it was universally supposed that, as the fovorites of Apollo, they enjoyed a terrestrial paradise, a bright sky, and a perpetual spring, a fruitful land, and everlasting youth and health. Hypercatalectic, a . ( Pros .) Exceeding the mea- sure; applied to verses having one or two syllables too many at the end. Hyper catharsis, n. [Gr. hyper , in exce , and ca- thars is, purging.] ( Med .) An exce ive purging from Hyper crisis, n. [Gr. hyper, above, and kris so , to separate] ( Med .) A critical excretion above measure; as when a fever terminates in a loosene , the humors may flow off faster than the strength can bear, and therefore it is to be checked. Hypercrit'ic, n. [Fr. hyper critique ; Gr. hyper , and kritikos , critical. See CRITIC.] One who is critical be- yond measure or reason; an over-rigid critic; a cap- tious censor. Hypercritic, or HYPERCRITICAL, a. Over-critical; critical beyond use or reason; exce ively nice or exact. Hypercritically, adv . In an hypercritical manner. Hypercriticism, n. [Gr. hyper , and kritikos , crit- ical.] The art of viewing the works of an author in an ungenerous spirit, exaggerating minor defects, and overlooking or undervaluing such merits or beauties as might fairly be considered to outweigh the former. Hype'rian. ( Myth .) A son of Uranus (Heaven) and Gæa (Earth), and the father, by his sister Theia, or Helios (the Sun), Selênê (the Moon), and Eos (the Morn- ing). But in the Homeric poems the word is a mere synonym for Helios, and the two names more commonly occur together From the length of the penultimate syllable, the word is generally regarded as a contraction of Hyper i on i on, and equivalent to the patronymic form Hyper i on ides. Hypers then'ic, a. Containing, or consisting of, hypersthene. Hypertrophic, Hypertrophical, a. ( Med . ) Relating to hypertrophy. Hypertrophied, a. Enlarged by exce of nutrition. Hypertrophy, n. [Gr. hyper , in exce , and trop he , nutrition.] ( Med .) An enlargement in the ti ues of an organ or part; a diseased condition of the structure, organ which sometimes totally destroys the functions of the organs. The heart and liver are the parts most frequently subject to this organic disease. See HEART, LIVER. Hy'phen, n. [Gr. hyphen , together with.] A mark, or short line, written thus (-), and placed between 2 words in order to show that they are connected together, and form a compound word; as pre - occupied , four -leaved. In writing and printing, the hyphen is used to connect syllables of a divided word, and is placed after the syl- lable that closes a line, denoting the connections be- tween that syllable, or part of a word, with the first syllable in the next line. Hyp homy cetes, Botryta'ceæ, n. ( Bot . ) An order or section of the alliance Fungales , distinguished by having spores naked, often septate; thallus floccose. Hyp'nane, n. ( Bot .) A genus of trees, order Palmaceæ. H. thebaica is the Daum-palm of Egypt, sometimes known as the gingerbread-tree, from the resemblance of the pericarp of its fruit to gingerbread. Unlike most of the palms, this has a stem forked above. The main stem, instead of developing a single terminal bud, de- velops two other buds at its apex in like manner, and this mode of growth is continued with the succe ive branches. (Astron.) One of the satellites of Saturn. Hypericum, n ( Bot . ) The typical genus of the order HYPERICACEE, q. v. Hyper'ides, an A then i an orator, was a disciple of Plato and I so crates, and the contemporary of Demos- thenes, against whom he brought that accusation of bribery which procured his banishment. They were course.] A treatise on sleep. Hypnologist, n. One versed in hypnology. Hypnology, n. [Gr. hypnos , sleep, and logos , dis- Hypnot'ic, a. That causes or promotes sleep; soporific. -n. A medicine which induces sleep. (Anat.) Same as HYPO CHONDRE, q. v. Hypochondriac, a. [Gr. hypochondria kos .] Pertaining to hypochondria or hypochondriasis; affected by a disease attended with debility, depre ion of spirits, or melancholy; producing melancholy or low spirits. melancholy.