Population, estimated, 60,000

He was educated at Scrivener (skriv'ner), Frederick Henry Am- brose. Born at Bermondsey, near London, Sept. 29, 1813: died at Hendon, Oct. 26, 1891. An English biblical scholar. Trinity College, Cambridge, and 1846-56 was head-master of Falmouth School, and was one of the revisers of the New Testament. He published "Plain Introduction to the Criti- cism of the New Testament" (1861), "Cambridge Para- graph Bible" (1873), "Bezze codex Cant a brig i ens is," etc. against the Semi noles and Creeks 1835-37; took part in settling with Great Britain the disputed boundary line of Maine and New Brunswick in 1839; became major-general and commander-in-chief of the army in 1841; was appointed to the chief command in Mexico in 1847; took venal, unjust, and brutal English judge, chief justice of the King's Bench 1678. He tried the victims of Titus Oates's anti popish conspiracies. in April, Contreras and Churubusco in Aug., Molino del Rey and Chapultepec in Sept., and occupied Mexico Sept. 14, 1847; was an unsucce ful Whig candidate for President in 1852; was appointed brevet lieutenant-general in 1847; was a commi ioner to settle the San Juan question with Great Britain in 1859; and retired from active service in the autumn of 1861. He wrote "General Regulations for the Army" (1825), "Infantry Tactics" (1835), and an autobiography (1864). Scottish Chiefs, The. A romance by Jane Porter, published in 1810. It is founded on early Scottish history. Scotus, Duns. See Duns Scotus . Scotus Erigena. See Erigena . Scourers. See Mohocks . Scourge of God, The. Attila. Scourge of Homer. Zoilus. Scourge of Princes. The satirist Pietro Aretino. Scourge of Scotland. A name sometimes given to Edward I. of England. Scourge of Villanie, The. A work by Marston, consisting of a series of satires published in 1598 under the name of W. Kinsayder, which has been variously explained. acter in Dickens's "Christmas Carol." He is "a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, cove to us old sinner"; but is visited by spirits on Christmas eve, and changed by his experiences into a worthy, kindly man. Scrope (skrop), George Poulett. Born at London, 1797: died Jan. 19, 1876. An English geologist. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. On his marriage he changed his name (Thomson) to that of his wife (Scrope). He studied volcanic phenomena at Ve suvius and in France; published "Considerations Volcanoes (1824) and "Geology of the Extinct Volcanoes in Central France" (1827). Scrope, or Scroop (skröp), Richard, Executed 1405. An English prelate, archbishop of York: one of the leaders in the insurrections of 1403-05. Scrub (skrub). In “The Beaux' Stratagem" by Farquhar, an amusing valet: a favorite character with Garrick. Scud am our, Sir. In Spenser's "Faerie Queene," the lover of Amoretta. Scudder (skud'er), Horace Elisha. Born at Boston, Ma ., Oct. 16, 1838. An American author. He graduated at Williams College in 1858; ed. ited "The Riverside Magazine for Young People" 1867-70; Scutari, Lake of. A lake on the border of Monte negro and Albania in European Turkey. Its outlet is by the Bojana into the Adriatic. Length, 29 miles. Scutum Sobiescianum (skūtum sō-bi-es-i-a'num). [L., 'shield of Sobieski.'] A constellation made by Hevelius late in the 17th century, and representing the shield of the king of Poland, John Sobieski, with a cro upon it to signify that he had fought for the Christian re ligion at the siege of Vienna. It lies in the brightest part of the Milky Way, over the bow of Sag it tar i us. Its brightest star is of the fourth magnitude. Scylla (sil'). [Gr. Σκύλλα .] In Greek mythology, a sea-monster, said to have been a seanymph (according to some traditions), and represented as dwelling in the rock Scylla, opposite Charybdis, in the Strait of Me ina. See Cha rybdis . Scylla. In Greek legend, a daughter of King Nisus of Megara, sometimes confused with the sea-monster Scylla. Scylla (town). See Scilla. Scyllæum (si-lē'um). [Gr. Σκυλλαῖον .] In ancient geography, a promontory in Argolis, Greece, projecting into the Ægean: the easternmost point of the Peloponnesus: the modern Kavo-Skyli. Scyllæum. [Gr. Σκίλλαιον .] A promontory in southern Italy, projecting into the Strait of Me ina: the modern Scilla or Sciglio. Scyros (si'ros). [Gr. Σκύρος .] 1. In ancient geography, an island of Greece, in the Ægean The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names IMG:content-0885.png:[blocks in formation] Scythia (sith'i-ä). [Gr. Σκυθία .] In ancient geography, a name of varying meaning. It designated at first a region in modern southern Ru ia and Rumania inhabited by the Scythians (see below). They resisted the invasion of Darius I. of Persia. After the time of Alexander the Great they were subjugated by the Sarmatians and others. Later Scythia denoted northern and much of central Asia, divided by the Imaus Mountains into Scythia Intra Imaum and Scythia Extra Imaum. As a Roman province it comprised the lands immediately south of the mouths of the Danube. Scythians (sith'i-anz). In ancient times, the inhabitants of the whole north and northeast of Europe and Asia (which was called by the Greeks Scythia). After the time of Hero dot us the northeast of Europe received the name of Sarmatia, while all central Asia was still considered as inhabited by the Scythians. Of the nomadic tribes of the Scythians are mentioned the Sea, Horses north of thespian extending to theaaartes: ern Kirgises). In the 7th century B. C. Scythian hordes, strengthened by the Cimmerians (which see), invaded Me dia, next Armenia and As syria, reaching over Syria and Palestine to the frontiers of Egypt, and leaving everywhere behind them desolation. Many exegetes a ume that Ezekiel, in his description of the hosts of Gog and Magog (ch. xxxviii. and xxxix.), alludes to this invasion. They scattered and were disintegrated, some of them having been killed, others returning to the north, and still others remaining in the countries they invaded. Scythopolis (si-thop'ō-lis). [Gr.] Beth-she an, a city of the Dec a polis: the modern Beisan, about 55 miles north-northeast of Jerusalem. Sea-Born City, The. An epithet of Venice. Seaham (se'am), or Dawdon (da'don). A seaport in the county of Durham, England, situated on the North Sea 5 miles south of Sunder land. Population (1891), 8,856. Seal Islands. See Lobos Islands . Seal (sel) River. A river in British America. It flows into the west side of Hudson Bay northwest of Church ill River. Length, about 200 miles. Seals field (sēlz'fēld), Charles (originally Karl Postl). Born at Poppitz, Moravia, March 3, 1793: died near Solothurn, Switzerland, May 26, 1864. A German author. He traveled extensively in the United States, and lived in Switzerland. He wrote the novel "Tokeah, or the White Rose" (1828: altered as "Der Leg i time und die Republikaner," 1833), and novels and works on America, including "Der Virey und die Aristokraten" (1835), "Lebensbilder aus beiden Hemisphären" (1835-37: 2d ed. as "Morton," 1846), and "Süden und Norden" (1842-43). Sea of Glory. One of the principal gems of the Persian crown. It is a diamond weighing 66 carats. Sea, or River, of Light. The largest diamond belonging to the Shah of Persia. It weighs 186 carats. Search (sérch), Edward, Esq. A pseudonym of Abraham Tucker, under which he wrote "The Light of Nature" (1768-78). Seasons, The. A poem in blank verse, in four parts, by James Thomson. "Winter" was published in 1726, "Summer" in 1727, "Spring" in 1728, the whole (including "Autumn" and a "Hymn to Nature") in 1730. Seasons, The. [G. Die Jahreszeiten .] An oratorio by Haydn, produced at Vienna in 1801. Seaton, Baron. See Colborne , John. Seattle (sē-at'l). The capital of King County, Washington, situated on Puget Sound in lat. 47° 36′ N., long. 122° 20′ W. It is one of the chief places of the State in population and importance, and has a large trade in lumber and coal. It is the seat of the State university. In 1889 it was devastated by fire. PopuSea View (sẽ vũ), Mount. A mountain in New South Wales, about lat. 31° 25′ S. Height, about 6,000 feet. lati on (1890), 42,837. Seb (seb). In Egyptian mythology, the father of Osiris, god of the earth and consort of Nut, godde of heaven. In art he is given the human form. Sebago Lake (se-bāgō lāk). A lake in southwestern Maine, 17 miles northwest of Portland. Length. 12 miles. Sebaste (se-bas'te). [Gr. Σεβαστή .] The name of the city of Samaria after the time of Herod the Great. Sebasteia (seb-as-te'yä). [Gr. Σεβάστεια .] The ancient name of Sivas. Sebastian (se-basti an), Saint. Born at Narbonne, Gaul: shot to death by order of Diocletian, about 288 A. D. A Roman soldier and Christian martyr, revered as a protector against pestilence. Sebastian. 1. Brother to the King of Naples, a character in "The Tempest" by Shakspere. -2. Brother to Viola, a character in Shak spere's "Twelfth Night." Sebastian. Born 1554: killed in the battle of Sedgemoor 18, 1692. A German historian and official in the service of several German states. His chief works are "Der deutsche Fürstenstaat" (1655), "Com men tar i us historic us et apologetic us de Lutheranismo" (1692). Seckenheim (zek'en-him). A village in north- ern Baden, situated on the Neckar near Schwetz- ingen. Here, June 30, 1462, the elector Frederick I. of the Palatinate gained a decisive victory over the allied forces of Baden and Würtemberg. Seclin (sè-klan'). A town in the department of Nord, France, situated 6 miles south-southwest Alcazarquivir, Aug. 4, 1578. King of Portugal of Lille. Population (1891), commune, 6,141. IMG:content-0886.png:[blocks in formation] rumors began to arise that he was not dead, and in 1584, 1594, and 1598 impostors appeared claiming the crown. The last was hanged at San Lucar in Spain in 1603. The belief of the people in these impostors arose from the popularity of Sebastian and their firm faith in his reappearance. So late as 1808 in Portugal and 1838 in Brazil, his name was used as a rallying-cry. Dryden and others have written plays on the subject. Sebastian, Don. See Don Sebastiano . Sébastiani (sā-bäs-te-ä'nē), Comte François Horace Bastien. Born near Bastia, Corsica, Nov. 10, 1772: died at Paris, July 21, 1851. A French marshal, diplomatist, and politician. He served in the Napoleonic wars; was amba ador in Constantinople in 1802 and 1806-07; was distinguished in the Spanish and Ru ian campaigns and in 1813-14; was minister 1830-34 (minister of foreign affairs 18301832); and was amba ador to Naples in 1834, and to Lon IMG:content-0887.png:[blocks in formation] Sebastopol (sē-bas'to-pol or seb-as-to'pol), or Sevastopol (sē-vas'to-pol; Ru . pron. sāväs-to'poly). A seaport in the government of Taurida, Ru ia, situated on the southwestern coast of the Crimea, in lat. 44° 34′ N., long. 33° 36′ E. It is situated in a strong position on arms of the roads of Sebastopol, and is an important naval station for the Black Sea fleet. It was founded in 1784 on the site of a Tatar village Akhtiar, and was strongly fortified under Alexander I. and Nicholas. Since 1870 it has been fortified anew. The siege of Sebastopol was the chief event of the Crime an war. The allied army (British, French, Turkish, and later Sard in i an) commenced Second Maiden's Tragedy, The. A play at one time attributed to Chapman and also to Shakspere, from their names having been written on the back of a manuscript where the name of Goughe stood erased. It was licensed in 1611 and first printed in 1824. It is thought to be by Mas singer and Tourneur from internal evidence, and probably owes its existence to the succe of Beaumont and Fletcher's "Maid's Tragedy," though the plot is entirely different. Second Nun's Tale, The. One of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales." It is a tale of the life and pa ion of St. Cecilia, and was taken from the "Legend a Aurea" of Jacobus a Voragine. There was a French version of this by Jehan de Vignay about 1300, an Early English one before 1300, and Caxton's "Golden Legend" in 1483; also a Latin version by Simeon Metaphrastes. The preamble to Chaucer's poem contains fourteen or fifteen lines translated from the 33d canto of Dante's "Paradiso," or perhaps from their original in some Latin prayer or hymn. See Nun's Priest's Tale. Secrétan (sek-rā-tan'), Charles. Born at Lausanne, Jan. 19, 1815: died there, Jan. 22, 1895. A Swi philosopher. He was appointed profe or of philosophy at Lausanne in 1838, in 1840 at Neuchâtel, and returned to the same position at Lausanne in 1866. He wrote many philosophical works, and was for some time editor of the "Revue Sui e." Sec under a bad (se-kun-de-rä-bäd'), or Sakanderabad (sa-kun-de-rä-bäd'), or Sik and era bad (se-kun-de-rä-bäd'), or Sekunderabad (sekun-de-rä-bäd'). A British cantonment and town in the Nizam's Dominions, India, situated 6 miles north of Hyderabad. It is the largest British military station in India. Population of cantonment, 5,000 to 6,000; of town, about 30,000. Secundra (se-kun'drä). A village situated 5 miles northwest of Agra, British India. It is notable for the tomb of Akbar, dating from the beginning of the 17th century, an imposing monument whose IndianSaracenic style is much influenced by Buddhist models. It stands in a large inclosed garden with a fine arched gateway, and consists of 4 square terraces of red sandstone, superposed in the form of a stepped pyramid. On a platform in the middle is the splendid cenotaph of the king, covered with sculptured arabesques. The real tomb is in a vaulted chamber in the basement. The lowest terrace is 320 feet square, the highest 157. the siege in Oct., 1854, after the battle of the Alma (the British commanded by Raglan, later by Simpson; the French by Can robert, later by Péli ier; and the Ru ians by Ment chik off, later by Gortchakoff). The Ru ian fortifications were superintended by Todleben. An unsucce ful attempt to storm was made June 18, 1855. On Sept. 8 the French took the Malakoff by storm, and the British attacked the Redan. The city was entered by the allies Sept. 11. (Compare Crime an War .) Population (1885), 33,803. Sebek (seb'ek). In Egyptian mythology, the crocodile-headed god, seemingly a double of Set, the god of evil. In historical times he was generally detested, and his sacred animal (the crocodile) was hunted except in the localities where his cult was in honor. Sebenico (sa-bā'nē-kō). [Slav. Žibnik .] A seaport in Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Adriatic, at the mouth of the Kerka, in lat. 43°45′ N., long. 15° 58′ E. It has a flourishing trade. The cathedral, begun in the 15th century in the richest Venetian Pointed style, and finished a century later upon Renai ance lines, has a fine dome 100 feet high. Population (1890), 7,014; commune, 20,360. Sebennytus (se-ben'i-tus). [Gr. Σεβέννυτος.] A town of ancient Egypt, nearly in the center of the Delta. The town of Semennud is on its site. Sebu (sa-bö'). A river in northern Morocco which flows into the Atlantic north of Sallee: the ancient Subur. Length, over 200 miles. Sebustieh (sa-bös'të-e). A village on the site pality in France, the chief place of which was of the ancient Samaria. Secchi (sek'ke), Angelo. Born at Reggio, Emilia, Italy, June 29, 1818: died at Rome, Feb. 26, 1878. A noted Italian astronomer, director of the observatory in Rome: a member of the Jesuit order. He made researches in spectrum analysis, meteorology, etc. His chief work is "Le soleil" ("The Sun," 1870). Secchia (sek'ke-ä). A river in northern Italy which joins the Po 12 miles southeast of Mantua: the ancient Secia. Length, about 80 miles. Sece ion, Ordinances of. In United States history, ordinances pa ed by conventions of eleven Southern States in 1860-61, declaring their withdrawal from the Union. Sece ion, War of. See Civil War. Secund us, Johannes. See Johannes Secund us. Sedaine (sė-dan'), Michel Jean. Born at Paris, July 4, 1719: died there, May 17, 1797. A French dramatist and poet. Among his works are the comic operas "Le diable à quatre" (1756), "Blaise le save tier" (1759), "Rose et Colas" (1764); the comedies "Le philosophe sans le savoir" (1765), "La gageure imprévue" (1768); a poem, "Le vaudeville" (1750); etc. He also wrote "Guillaume Tell" and "Richard Cœur de Lion" with Grétry, and was admitted to the Academy in 1786. Sedalia (se-da'li-ä). A city, the capital of Pettis County, Mi ouri, situated 60 miles west of Jefferson City. It is a leading railroad center, and has flourishing manufactures and commerce. Population (1890), 14,068. Sedan (sé-don'). 1. A former barony or princi the town of Sedan. It was annexed to France in 1642.-2. A city in the department of Ardennes, France, situated on the Meuse in lat. 49° 43′ N., long. 4° 56′ E. It has important manufactures of cloth, and was formerly a strong fortre . In early times it was under the rule of lords and princes of the families La Marck and Turenne, but pa ed to France in 1642. It was taken by the Germans in 1815. It was the scene of a notable victory, gained Sept. 1, 1870, by the German army of 250,000, under the direct command of William I., over the French under Napoleon III., МасMahon, and Wimpffen. The next day the French emperor and army (about 84,000) surrendered. The battle and capitulation led directly to the fall of the French empire and the establishment of the republic. Population (1891), 20,291. Seddon (sed'on), James Alexander. Born at Falmouth, Stafford County, Va., July 13, 1815: