Gothiant

[ More like vnto the Grecians than vnto the Gothians in handling of their verse. Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 145. [= F. Gothique = Gothic (goth'ik), a. and n. Sp. Gotico = Pg . Gothico = It. Gotico (ef. D. G. Gothisch = Dan. Gotisk = Sw. Götisk ), Gothus , pl. Gothi , Goths: see Goth .] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Goths: as, Gothic customs; Gothic barbarity. The term Gothic , as applied to all the styles invented and used by the Western Barbarians who overthrew the Roman Empire and settled within its limits, is a true and expre ive term both ethnographically and architecturally. Hence-2. Rude; barbarous. That late, and we may add gothic , practice of using a multiplicity of notes. Goldsmith, Int. to Hist. World. When do you dine, Emilia? At the old Gothic hour of four o'clock, I suppose. Mrs. Marsh , Emilia Wyndham, xxi. 3. An epithet commonly applied to the European art of the middle ages, and more particularly to the various Pointed types of architecture generally prevalent from the middle of the twelfth century to the revival of study of cla ical models in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This epithet was originally applied in scorn (compare def. 2), by Italian Renai ance architects, to every species of art which had existed from the decay of Roman art until the outward forms of that art were revived as patterns for imitation; but, although no longer used in a depreciative sense, the adjective is inappropriate as applied to one of the noblest and completest styles of architecture ever developed, which owes nothing whatsoever to the Goths, and is seldom now described as Gothic in other languages than English. See medieval and Pointed. The roof had some non-descript kind of projections called bartizans, and displayed at each frequent angle a small turret, rather resembling a pepper-box than a Gothic watch-tower. Scott , Waverley, viii. The principle of Gothic building, that every part, including what might seem at first sight as mere ornament, should have a constructive value, was never adopted by Italian builders. C. E. Norton, Church-building in Middle Ages, p. 136. 4. In liturgics , an epithet sometimes applied to the Moz arabic liturgy, or to the Gallican family of liturgies, in accordance with an incorrect theory that they were first introduced into Gaul and Spain by the Visigoths, or from the fact that they were in use in Gallican and Spanish churches at the time of Gothic domination. An ancient manuscript of the Gallican liturgy still extant is entitled a Gothic Mi al ( Mi ale Gothicum ) by a later hand. II. n. 1. The language of the Goths. The Goths spoke various forms of a Teutonic tongue now usually cla ed with the Scand in avian as the eastern branch of the Teutonic family, though it has also close affinities with the western branch (Old High German, Anglo-Saxon, etc.). All forms of Gothic have perished without record, except that spoken by some of the western Goths (Visigoths), who at the beginning of the fourth century occupied Dacia (Wall a chia, etc.), and who before the end of that century pa ed over in great numbers into Mœsia (now Bulgaria, etc.). Revolting against the Roman empire, they extended their conquests even into Gaul and Spain. Their language, now called Mæso gothic or simply Gothic , is preserved in the fragmentary remains of a nearly complete translation of the Bible made by their bishop, Wulfila (a name also used in the forms Ulfila , Ulphila , Ulfilas ) (who lived in the fourth century A. D.), and in some other fragments. These remains are of the highest philological importance, preceding by several centuries the next earliest Teutonic records (Anglo-Saxon and Old High German). The language bears a primitive aspect, indicating its existence under practically undisturbed linguistic conditions for a long period before its appearance in the records. Apart from the Latin and Greek words introduced with Christianity, Gothic shows little trace of foreign influence except in the presence of a few words borrowed from the neighboring Slavs. As the oldest recorded Teutonic tongue, and usually but not always nearest the original Teutonic type, it stands at the head of the languages of its cla , to which it bears a relation like that of the Sanskrit to the other languages of the Indo-European family. 2. In bibliography, an early form of black-faced and pointed letters, as shown in printed books and manuscripts.-3. [l. c.] The American name for a style of square-cut printing-type without serifs or hair-lines, after the style of old Roman mural letters. What is called simply gothic in America is known in England as grotesque, and lighter faces known in England as sans - serif are in America called gothic condensed, light-face gothic, etc. THIS LINE IS IN GOTHIC. transfer, of the city of New York, to which the name was humorously applied in allusion to the stories of "the wise men of Gotham." See Gothamist. [The term was first used by Washington Irving in "Salmagundi," 1807.] See I., 3. The parish church of Lambeth is at a small distance from the Palace, has a plain tower, and the architecture is of the Gothic of the time of Edward IV. Pennant , London, Lambeth Church. IMG:content-2534.png:[blocks in formation] It is so called because it can be easily removed or gouged out with a pick, thus greatly facilitating the removal of the contents of the lode. See selvage and flucan . 6. An effect of gouging; an excavation or a hole made by or as if by scooping out matter. [Colloq.]-7. An imposition; a cheat; also, an impostor. [Colloq., U. S.] Another gouge was to charge the women a nominally cost price per spool for the thread furnished them, while as a matter of fact it was got wholesale from the manu- facturers for considerably le . The American, XIV. 344. gouge (gouj or göj), v . t.; pret. and pp. gouged , ppr. gouging . [ In my mere stop'ling, above three you sand pound Within that term; by googing of them out Just to the size of my bottles, and not slicing. B. Jonson , Devil is an A , ii. 1. Hence-2. To scoop or excavate as if with a gouge; dig or tear out by or as if by a scooping action: as, to gouge a loaf of bread; to gouge a hole in a garment. [Gouging out the eyes of an an- tagonist with the thumb or finger has been a practice among brutal fighters in some parts of both Europe and America, but is now probably rare everywhere. Touch but thy lire, my Harrie, and I heare From thee some raptures of the rare gotire . they lay on their tones with a vitreous fluid mixed with coloring matter. Harper's Mag ., LXXVII, 660. Very well, gentlemen! gouge Mr. out of the seat, if you think it wholesome to do it. New York Tribune , Nov. 26, 1845. gouge-bit (gouj'bit), n. A bit shaped like a gouge, with the piercing end sharpened to a semicircular edge for shearing the fibers round the margin of the hole. It removes the wood almost in a solid core. Also called shell - bit and quill - bit . Dan. gövn , both hands held together in the form of a bowl, a handful (cf. MLG. gespe , gepse , LG. göpse, göpsch, gepse, geps), = OHG. coufana , MHG. goufen , G. dial. gauf , dim. gaufel , the hollow hand.] 1. The hollow of the hand, or of the two hands held together; hence, a clutch or grasp. Hold me fast, let me not go, Or from your goupen break. IMG:content-2535.jpg:[graphic] Crown-pigeon ( Goura coronata). concave cutting edge; a gouge. gouge-furrow (gouj'fur"ō), n. See furrow . gouger (gou'jer or göʻjer), n . 1. One who gouges or stabs. Davies .-2. An insect that gouges: applied to numberle insects, designated by some specifying term: as, the 3. The bow oar of a flatboat. [Mi i ippi river pelia , and Ptilophyrus . and tributaries.] -4. A cheat. [Colloq., U. S.] It is true there are gamblers and gougers and outlaws. Flint , Recollections of the Mi i ippi, p. 176. gouge-slip (gouj's lip), n . An oil-stone or hone for sharpening gouges or chisels. goujeerst, gou jere , goodyears , goodyear , etc., from an alleged OF. * goujere , supposed to be from OF. gouge , a soldier's mistre , a camp-follower, dial. gouye goulandt (gou'land), n. Same as gowlan , gowan . Pinks, goulands , king-cups, and sweet sops-in-wine. B. Jonson, Pan's Anniversary. Gouldia (göl'di-ä), n. [NL.; in def. 1, named for August us A. Gould , an American natural- ist (1805-66); in def. 2, named for John Gould , an English ornithologist (1804-81).] 1. A ge- nus of siphonate bivalve mollusks, of the fam- ily A star tid a .-2. A genus of humming-birds. gouldring (göl'dring), n. The yellowhammer. goule, n. See ghoul . goulest, n. See gules . gound1 (gound), n. [Early mod. E. also gownd ; gund , matter, pus, poison. Hence, in comp., with a disguise of the orig. form, groundsel , q. v.] Gummy matter in sore eyes. [Prov. Eng.] goungt, n. [An obs. var. of gong1 , gang .] Dung. No man shall bury any dung, or goung , within the lib- erties of this city, under paine of forty shilling. Stow , London (ed. 1633), p. 666. of decomposed country rock or clayey mategoupen, gowpen (gou'pn), n. [Also written rial (flucan) often found on each side of a lode. goupin , gouping ; gaupn = Sw. göpen = IMG:content-2536.jpg:[blocks in formation] And there growethe a maner of Fruyt, as thoughe it weren Gowrdes. Mandeville , Travels, p. 264. Gourdes for seede til Wynter honge stille. Palladius , Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 114. 2. A dried and excavated gourd-shell prepared for use as a bottle or dipper, or in other ways. I hope the squaw who owns the gourd has more of them in her wigwam, for this will never hold water again. 3. A gourd-shaped ve el; hence, any ve el with a small neck for holding liquids; a rough- ly shaped bottle, especially a flask carried by travelers or pilgrims. I have heer, in a gourde , A draught of wyn, ye, of a rype grape. gourd Let vultures gripe thy guts! for gourd and fullam holds, And high and low beguile the rich and poor. Shak., M. W. of W., i. 3. Thy dry bones can reach at nothing now, But gords or nine-pins. Beau . and Fl . , Scornful Lady, iv. 1. Bitter gourd, or colocynth-gourd, the colocynth, Ci trull us Colocynth is.-Egg or orange gourd, the Cucur bit a ovifera (now considered a variety of Pepo ), with a small orange-like fruit, cultivated for ornament. - Noah's gourd or bottle, a kind of flat circular bottle of Oriental make (Damascus, Persia, etc.), resembling a pilgrim-bottle, but without the rings, occasionally found by explorers in the Levant, and thought to be of considerable antiquity. -Snake or viper-gourd, or snake - cucumber, the Tri chosanthes colubrina and T. anguina, with a snake-like fruit several feet in length. - Sour gourd, species of A dans on i a.-Towel-gourd or dish-cloth gourd, the fruit of species of Luffa, the fibrous network of which is used as a sponge or scrubbing-brush. - White gourd, of India, the Ben in casa cerifera. gourdal (gour'dal), n. Same as gourder. gourde (görd), n. [F. gourde , fem. of gourd , OF. gourd , numb, slow, heavy, dull, etc., = Sp. gor do , thick, large, gro , fat, plump, = Pr. gord , thick, fat, L. gurdus (said to be of Hispanic origin), dull, slow, obtuse, etc.] The Franco American name for a dollar, in use in Louisiana, Cuba, Hayti, etc.