ESKIMOS OR ESQUIMAUX

aboriginal inhabitants of N. America, chiefly found in Green land and Alaska. Their numbers have been computed at 40,000,and the area they inhabit is upwards of 15,000 sq. miles. They are very conservative in habit, and show little desire to adopt civilised manners of life. Ne Gag short of stature (average height about 5 ft. 4 in.); have broad, fat faces, black eyes, and coarse black hair. They live by hunting and fishing. For the latter purpose they use the ‘kayak,’ a light skin canoe, 18 ft. by 2 ft., with an opening in the top, in which the occupant seats himself, wrapped in waterproof skins. In this canoe they capture seals, which they take with the harpoon, to which is attached a line with floats. Hunting is done by means of dogs and sledges. In summer they live in tents near open water. Their winter huts are made of turf and snow, and heated by oil lamps. They usually congregate in settlements of twenty or thirty families. In 1912 the Ste fans son Expedition discovered on the Arctic shores of N. America, near Coronation Gulf, some 2000 white Eskimos whose red hair, blue eyes, implements, and other characteristics led to the theory that they are descended from Old Norse vikings who visited N. American from E.), town, Asia Minor. Pop. c. 35,000. RICH AUGUST VON (1823-1908), Ger. army surgeon; prof. of Surgery at Kiel 1857; surgeon-gen. in Franco-Pru ian war 1870-71. department, Ecuador, S. America; area, 7439 sq. miles. Pop. c. 15,000; capital of dep. is Esmeraldas, at mouth of Tiver FE, E.), town, Upper Egypt, on W. bank Nile; barrage. Pop. 20,009,