THE ASPIDIUM FILIX MAS

(AFTER DE LANES SAN.) Sougére mâle [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., männliches Farnkraut, Farnkrautmännchen, Wurmfarn, Waldfarn, Johanniswurzel. It, felce maschia. Sp., helecho macho. Syn.: a eit, [Linnæus] (seu Nephrodium {Richard]) filix mas. The male fern; a species belonging to the section Nephrodium, common in Europe, and found also in Africa, eastern India, and tropical America, but rare in the United States, where it has been found only in the neighborhood of Lake Superior. It has a lanceolate frond with linear-lanceolate pinnæ, very obtuse pinnules toothed at the apex, and the sori placed nearer to the mid-vein than to the border of the frond. A number of varieties are described, differing much in appearance, and including many sorts described as distinct species by some botanists. The rhizome is from 3 to 6 inches long, and from 4 to 1 inch thick (or, with the adherent stipe, from 2 to 2} inches thick), and covered with transparent, brown, chaffy scales; internaliy it is light-green and of a spongy texture; it contains fil i tannic acid, filicie acid, filix red, ch! TOTEN and a fixed oil; it has a slight disagreeabie odor and an astringent, bitter, and nauseous taste. The rhizome is used as a remedy for tape-worm, in doses of from 30 to 90 grains of the powder, fasting, followed by a purge. The A. filix mas of Pi is the A. goldieanum. [A, 827; B, 33, 34, 242% L, 65.]—A. fragile [Swartz]. See CysT oPTER Is fragilis.—A. fuveatum [Forster]. Syn.: Nephrodium furcatum [Hooker]. A species, belonging to the section Nephrodium, found in tropical America from Peru to Panama. —A. goldieanum [Hooker]. Syn.: Nephrodium goldieanum [Hooker], A. filix mas [Pursh]. Goldie’s fern; a species, belonging to the section Nephrodium, having a broad ovate frond, from 10 to 16 inches in length, and with a uniform pelt rate indusium, found in the northern and western United States and Canada. [B, 34.|—A. heracleifolium [Wilidenow]. See A. trifoliatum.—A. lonchitis [Swartz]. Ger., Milzkraut. Sy.: Poly podium lonchitis [Linnæus], Polystichum lonchitis [Roth]. A species growing in Europe, India, and, though rarely, the northern part of North America. Under the name of herb a lonchitis mojoris it was formerly cuis in diseases of the spleen. [B, 180, 242,}— A. ludovicianum [Kunze]. A variety of the A. fi a mas. (B, 242.]— A, margin ale [Swartz]. The marginal shield-fern; a large fern, Delouaine to the section AGE TR) found in the United States and Canada, distinguished by its fruit-dots being disposed in regular rows along the borders of the segments of the frond. Its rhizome is employed for the same purpose as that of A. filix mas. [B, 83.]—A. molle areal Syn.: Nephrodium molle Poser po podium molle [Jacquin], Polystichum molle [Gaudichaud]. A species belonging to the section Nephrodium. It is found throughout the entire world except in North America, [B, 212.]—A. munitum [Kaulfu ]. Syn,: Polystichum munitum [Presi], Nephrodium plumula [Presl]. A species growing in California and Oregon; the roots are roasted and eaten by the Indians. [B, 242.) A. nymphale [Forster]. See A. molle—A. ore opter is [Swartz]. Syn.: Nephrodium ore opter is [Desvaux], Poly podium ore opter is [English botany], Lastrea ore opter is [Presi], A species, belonging to the section OI in hilly regions ‘through out Europe. It po e es a isamic fragrance due to its numerous resin-glands. [B, 242.]—A. orientale [Desvaux]. See A. coriaceum.— A. pallidum [Link]. A. rigidum. — A. parallelogram mum [Kunze]. A variety of À. filiz mas. |B, 22.]-A. paras it i cum [Sieb. and Swartz]. See A. molle —A. Pontederæ [Willdenow]. A variety of the Cyst opter is fragilis. [B, 242.]—A. pseudo-trifoliatum [Swartz]. See PoLyPoniux pseudo-trifoliatum —A. recurvum [Bree]. A variety of À. spinusum. [B, 242.]—A. remotum [A. Braun]. A variety of À. filix mas. {B,242.]—A. rhæticum [Swartz]. See Poypopium alpestre. —A. ee So reste Syn.: Nephrodium rigidum |Desvaux], Poly podium rigidum [| KEG fragrans |Villars]). A species, bel Orne to the section Nephrodium, Horn in central Europe and in the mountainous parts of Great Britain. The variety a pallidum (the À. pallidum |Link]) with pale-green fronds is found in Asia Minor and the Mediterranean islands, and the variety B americanum (the A. arena [EE ere) with very large fronds, grows in California and New Mexico, It is closely related to some varieties of the A. filix mas, from which it differs in the longer and thinner rhizome, and in that the stipes are not close]; imbricated. It is used as a remedy for the tape-worm, and in siberia an infusion has been employed as a substitute for tea, ard under the name of serlik as a remedy in gout and scurvy. [B, 33, 88, 242; L.J—A. schimperianum [Hochst. and A. Braun]. A variety of the A. filix mas. [B, 242.|—A. setosum [Swartz]. See A. varium.—A. spinulosum [Swartz]. Syn.: Nephrodium spinulosum [Desvaux], Polystichum spinosum [Roth]. À species, belong. ing to the section Fae tae i of which a number of varieties, often referred to distinct species and even to other genera, are known. Some of these varieties bear a close resemblance to the A. filix mas, and, according to some, the latter should be included with A. ite eels in a single species. The rhizome is thin, with about 6 fibro-vascular bundles, remnants of a dark-brown nearly lindrical stipe, and little or no chaff. [B, 242; L, 65.)—A. tenue rare A variety of the Cyst opter is fragilis. [B, 242.]—A., trifoliatum [sere Syn.: Poly podium trifoliatum ola eel “A iu: cord i folium (Martius and Gal.)), aris cord i folia [Fée]. A species belonging to the section Kuaspidium, growing in the West Indies, tropical South America, Central America, and Mexico, where it is said to be used for the same purposes as the Poly podium vulgare. [B, 180, 242.]—A. varium [Swartz]. Syn.: Poly podium varium [Linnæus]. A ee belonging to the section Polystichum cuis in China, Cochin-China, and Japan, where the tender form an article of food. {B 88, 242.]—Oleo-resina aspidii S. Ph.], Oleo-resin of a. [U. S. Ph.]. Fr., extrait éthéré (ou ) de fougère mâle. Ger., Wurmfarnextrakt, Wurmfarnäl. fee: oleo-resina filicis [U. S. Ph., 1870], extractum filicis ethereum [Br. Ph.], extractum filicis [Ger. Ph.], oleum filicis mar is. Fluid (or liquid) extract of male fern; made by digesting 100 parts of the rhizome of A. filix mas, in No. 60 powder, in a sufficient quantity of stronger ether. The powder is put into a cylindrical gla percolator, provided with a stopcock and arranged with a cover and receptacle suitable for volatile liquids, and pre ed firmly, and stronger ether is poured upon it until 150 parts of liquid have slowly pa es. ‘The greater part of the ether is recovered by distillation on a water-bath, and the residue is exposed in a capsule until the remaining ether has evaporated. On standing, the sp usually deposits a granular-crystalline substance (filicic acid), which should be well mixed with the liquid before it is used. This is a very sure remedy for the unarmed tape-worm, and reasonabiy certain for the armed variety, if suitable precautions are taken. Trou eau and Pidoux’s method of using it, recommended by Bartholow, is as follows: On the first day, a strictly milk diet; on the morning of the second day, 4 grammes (about 1 drachm) of the oleo-resin in four doses, with an interval of a quarter of an hour between them; on the third day, the same quanilixs given in the same way, followed by 50 grammes (about 124 drachms) of syrup of ether, and, a ee later, an emulsion containing 3 drops of croton-oil. [A, , 286.