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c. Veile (vi'le). 1. An amt in Jutland, Denmark. Population, 111,904.-2. The capital of the amt of Veile, Denmark, situated on the Veile Fjord in lat. 55° 44′ N. It was taken by the Schleswig. Holstein ers May 5, 1848. Near it, at Gudsö, May 7, 1849, the Pru ians defeated the Danes. Veile was stormed by the Austrians March 8, 1864. Population, 9,015. Veiled Prophet of Khor as san, The. The first part of the poem "Lalla Rookh," by Moore: so Vela, Blasco Nuñez. See Nuñez Vela . Velabrum (ve-lā'brum). An area in ancient Rome, between the Capitoline, the Palatine, and the Tiber, extending northeastward to the Forum Romanum. It was a marsh before the construction of the Cloaca Maxima. The marble arch built in honor of Severus by the merchants of the Velabrum formed a portal between it and the Forum Boarium on the south. Velasco, José Antonio Manso de. See Manso Velasco (vā-läs'kō), José Miguel de. Born at Santa Cruz de la Sierra about 1795: died there, 1859. A Bolivian general and politician. As vice. president he was twice acting president during the dis. orders of 1828-29; led a revolt in the South in 1838; was elected president after the fall of Santa Cruz in 1839, but was deposed in 1841; and was again president 1847-48 during a period of great disorder which culminated in his deposition. Velasco, Juan de. Born at Riobamba (now in Ecuador) about 1727: died at Verona, Italy, 1819. A Jesuit historian. He was for many years a profe or in the University of San Marcos at Lima. After the expulsion of his order in 1767, he lived at Faenza and Ve ron a. a. His principal work is "Hist or i a del rei no de Quito" (first published in French 1840; Spanish edition, Quito, 1841-44). It includes an account of the Scyri kingdom of Quito. Velasco, Luis de, Count of Santiago. Born at Toledo about 1500: died at Mexico City, July 31,1564. A Spanish administrator, second viceroy of Mexico from Dec., 1550, until his death. He enforced the "New Laws," emancipating, it is said, 150,000 Indians; put down revolts of the Chichi mees; and fitted out Legazpe's expedition to the Philippine Islands. Velasco, Luis de, Count of Santiago and Marquis of Salinas (from 1595). Born at Madrid, 1539: died at Seville, 1617 (?). A Spanish administrator, son of the preceding. He was viceroy of Mexico Jan. 25, 1590,-Nov., 1595; viceroy of Peru July 24, 1596,-Nov. 28, 1604; and again viceroy of Mexico July 2, 1607, June 12, 1611. Subsequently he was president of the Council of the Indies. He was one of the best of the Spanish colonial rulers. Velasquez (vā-läs keth), Diego. Born at Cuéllar, Segovia, 1465 (or 1458%): died at Havana, Cuba, 1523 or 1524. A Spanish soldier and administrator. He went to Española with Columbus in 1493, and was prominent in the affairs of that island until 1511, when he was sent by Diego Columbus to conquer Cuba. He had many conflicts with the Indians, whose principal chief, Hatuey, was captured and burned in Feb., 1512; founded Santiago, Havana, and other towns; and continued to rule the island, which was only nominally subject to the audience of Santo Domingo. He furnished a ve el for the expedition of Cordova, which discovered Yucatan in 1517; fitted out Grijalva's expedition in 1518 (see Grijalva ); and in 1519 sent Cortés to conquer Mexico. The latter, as soon as he had left the island, refused obedience to Velasquez, who, in March, 1520, sent Panfilo de Narvaez to arrest him. Narvaez was defeated by Cortés, and all subsequent efforts of Velasquez to secure the rich conquests of Mexico for himself ended in failure. His death, it is said, was caused by vexation at his lo . Velasquez (vā-läs'keth), or Velazquez (vāläth'keth), Diego Rodriguez de Silva. Born at Seville (baptized June 6, 1599): died at Madrid, Aug. 7, 1660. A celebrated Spanish painter. He was the son of Juan Rodriguez de Silva, but took his mother's name Velasquez. He was a pupil of Herrera el Viejo and of Pacheco whose daughter he married. He was patronized by Philip IV.; became court painter about 1623; visited Italy 1629-31; and for eigh teen years painted portraits, landscapes, and historical and genre subjects in Madrid. From 1652 to 1660 he was quartermaster-general of the king's household, and died from over-fatigue in the preparations for the marriage of Louis XIV. and the infanta Maria The res a. Among his principal works in his earlier manner are "The Water Carrier of Seville" (Apsley House) and "The Adoration of the Shepherds" (National Gallery, London). Among his other works are "Los Borrachos." "Las Men in as," Las of Hi lander as," "The Expulsion of the Moriscos," "Forge Vulcan" (Madrid Museum); "Joseph's Coat" (Escorial); "St. John the Evangelist" (London); "Boar Hunt," "Lot and his Daughters," "The Surrender of Breda," and a Crucifixion (in the Prado); etc. His famous portraits are those of Philip IV., of which he painted about forty; Innocent X., Quevedo (Apsley House); Admiral Pulido Pareja (Na Veldeke (vel'de-ke), He in rich von. Born in the neighborhood of Maestricht, Holland: flourished at the end of the 12th century. A Middle High German poet, the founder of the German court epic poetry. He was of noble family and in the service of the Counts of Looz and Rineck, burgraves of Mayence. At the court of Cleves he began to write, between 1175 and 1184, his poem "Eneit" ("Eneid") after a French original. The manuscript was stolen from a Counte of Cleves, to whom it had been loaned, by a Count of Schwarzburg, who took it to Thu ring i a. In 1184, in Thu ring i a, Veldeke finally got back his work, and completed it at the court of the Count Palatine of Saxony, afterward the landgrave Hermann of Thu ring i a. An earlier work, supposed by some to have been written by another poet of the same name, is the "Legende van S. Servaes." He was, besides, the author of a num. ber of lyrics. The "Eneid" was published by Behagel in 1882. Velez-Rúbio (vā'leth-röʻbē-ō). A town in the province of Almeria, Spain, situated on the Velez 54 miles west-southwest of Murcia. Population (1887), 10,437. Velia (vēʻli-ä). A locality in ancient Rome, identified as the ridge which extends from the Palatine to the Esquiline, and on which stand the temple of Venus and Roma and the Arch of Titus. As it now exists, it has been much cut down from its original height. Velino (vā-lē'nō). A river in central Italy which joins the Nera above Terni. Length, about 45 miles. Velino, Monte. See Monte Velino . Velitræ (ve-litre). The ancient name of Velletri. Velius Longus (vē'li-us long'gus). A Latin grammarian of unknown date. He is the author of a work entitled “De orthograph i a," which was published by Fulvius Ursinus in his "Notæ ad M. Varronem de re rustic a" (1587). Velleius Paterculus. See Paterculus . Velletri (vel-lā'trē). A town in the province of Rome, Italy, situated on a spur of the Alban Mountains 21 miles southeast of Rome. It was the ancient Velitræ, an important Latin town. Near it, May 19, 1849, Garibaldi defeated the Neapolitans. Population, 13,532. Vell ing hausen (vel'ling-hou-zen). A village in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, near the Lippe and near Soest. Here, July 15-16, 1761, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick defeated the French under Broglie and Soubise. Vellore (vel-lōr'). A town in North Arcot district, Madras, British India, situated on the Palar 75 miles west by south of Madras. It was the scene of a Sepoy mutiny in 1806. Population, with cantonment (1891), 44,925. Venai in (ve-nā-san'), Comtat, or County of. An ancient county in the southeastern part of France, now included in the department of Vaucluse. Capital, Carpentras. By Philip III. it was ceded to the popes in 1273; it was annexed to France in 1791. Venantius. See For tun at us . Vendeans (ven-de'anz). The natives or inhabitants of Vendée; specifically, the partizans of the royalist insurrection against the Revolution and the republic which was begun in western France in 1793, and the chief seat of which was in Vendée. Vendée (von-dā'). A department of France, bounded by Loire-Inférieure and Maine-etLoire on the north, Deux-Sèvres on the east, Charente-Inférieure and the Bay of Biscay on the south, and the Bay of Biscay on the west. Capital, La Roche-sur-Yon. It is divided into the "marsh" in the west, the "woodland" ("bocage") in the north, and the "plain" in the south. Vendée corresponds nearly to the former Bas-Poitou. It was the center of the royalist outbreak in the Revolution, and the scene of Bour bon disturbances in 1815 and 1832. Area, 2,588 square miles. Population (1891), 442,355. Vendée, La, War of. The royalist war against the French republic which was carried on chiefly in Vendée and in Britt any. It broke out in Vendée in March, 1793, and reached its height in the Vendean victory at Saumur in June, 1793. The Vende ans under La Rochejacquelein suffered a decisive defeat by the republicans under Westermann and Marceau at Le Mans, Dec. 12, 1793. The war was continued in Britt any (war of the Chouans), and was suppre ed in Vendée by Hoche in 1796. The chief Vendean leaders were Catheli Vendée, La, War of neau, La Rochejacquelein, Stofffet, and Charette. The complete submi ion of the Chouans was effected by Bonaparte in 1800. Vendémiaire (von-da-myar'). [F., from L. vindemia , grape-gathering.] The name adopted in 1793 by the National Convention of the first French republic for the first month of the year. It consisted of 30 days, beginning in the years 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 with Sept. 22; in 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 with Sept. 23; and in 12 with Sept. 24. The republican calendar came into use on 14th Vendémiaire, year 2 (Oct. 5, 1793). Vendidad (ven-de-däd'). See Avesta . Vendôme (von-dom'). A former countship of France, made by Francis I. a duchy. It afterward gave name to a Bourbon line. Vendôme. A town in the department of Loir et-Cher, France, on the Loir 19 miles north west of Blois: the Roman Vindocinium. It con tains the abbey church of the Trinity, the Lycée (formerly a college), a ruined castle, and a hôtel de ville. It was formerly the capital of a barony, later a duchy. Several contests between the French and Germans occurred in its vicinity in Dec., 1870. Population (1891), commune, 9,538. Vendôme, César, Duc de. Born 1594: died 1665. An illegitimate son of Henry IV. of France and Gabrielle d'Estrées. He took part in the intrigues against Louis XIII. and Mazarin. Vendôme, Column. A column in the Place Vendôme, Paris, erected by Napoleon in honor of the Grand Army in 1806-10. It was destroyed by the Commune in 1871, and was replaced in 1875. Vendôme, François de, Duc de Beaufort. Born at Paris, 1616: killed at Candia, June 25, 1669. A French politician and admiral, grandson of Henry IV.: surnamed "roi des halles" ('king of the markets') on account of his audacity and the gro ne of his language. He was a leader of the Fronde 1648-49. Vendôme, Louis Joseph, Duc de: also called, until the death of his father, Duc de Penthièvre. Born at Paris, July 1, 1654: died at Viñaroz, in Catalonia, June 15, 1712. A famous French general, son of Louis, duc de Vendôme (1612-69). He served in the campaigns in the Low Countries, and at the victory of Marsaglia in 1693; commanded in Catalonia, and took Barcelona Aug. 10, 1697; commanded against Prince Eugene at Luzzara, Aug. 15, 1702; commanded in Tyrol, Piedmont, and Lombardy; was defeated at Oudenarde July 11, 1708; and defeated the Austrians in Spain at Villa vic ios a, Dec. 10, 1710. add Vendôme, Philippe de. Born 1655: died 1727. A French general, brother of Louis Joseph de Vendôme. He was grand prior of the Maltese Order, and fought against the Dutch, Imperialists, etc. Vendôme, Place. One of the principal squares of Paris, situated north of the Seine, and connected with the Place de l'Opéra by the Rue de la Paix, and with the Rue de Rivoli by the Rue Castiglione. Venedey (ve'ne-di), Jakob. Born at Cologne, May 24,1805: died near Badenweiler, Feb. lenweiler, Feb. 8,1871. A German publicist and historian. He lived long France after his participation in the celebration at Hambach in 1832, and was a member of the Frankfort Parliament of 1848. His works include "Römertum, Christen tum, Germanentum" (1840), "Irland" (1844), "England" (1845), "Geschichte des deutschen Volks" (1854-62), and biographies of Washington, Franklin, and others. Venedig (ve-na'dig). The German name of Venice. Venediger (ve-nā'dig-er), Gro -. A peak of the Hohe Tauern, on the frontier of Tyrol and Salzburg, west of the Gro glockner: one of the highest summits of the Eastern Alps, famous for its view. Height, 12,005 feet. Venerable Doctor, L. Doctor Venerabilis (dok'tor ven-e-rab'i-lis). Champeaux. Venern, Lake. See Wenern . Veneti (ven'e-ti). 1. In ancient history, a people dwelling near the head of the Adriatic, beyond the Po and Adige.- 2. An ancient Celtic people dwelling in Britt any near the coast of the Bay of Biscay. They were subdued by Cæsar, after a severe maritime war, in 56 в. с. Venetia (ve-nē'shiä). An ancient province of Italy, included, in general, by the Po, the Alps, and the Adriatic. It was afterward ruled by Venice; pa ed to Austria in 1797; and became finally united to Italy in 1866. As a modern compart i men to it comprises the provinces of Venice, Padua, Rovigo, Verona, Vicenza, Treviso, Belluno, Udine. Population (1892), 3,022,884. Venetia. The Latin name of Venice. Venetian (ve-nē'shan) Alps. A group of the Alps in northeastern Italy, south of the Carnic Alps, and between the valleys of the Tagliamento and Piave. Venezuela (ven-e-zwēʻlä): Sp., in full, Estados Unidos de Venezuela (es-tä'dōs ö-nē'dos da vā-nath-wa'lä). [For origin of name, see Onotes .] A federal republic in the northern part of South America, bounded by the Caribbean Sea, British Guiana, Brazil, and Colombia. Capital, Caracas. IMG:content-1148.png:[blocks in formation] Branches of the Colombian Andes traverse the northwest- Venice, Gulf of. The northwestern arm of the ern portion, and are continuous with a range along the Adriatic Sea. northern coast called the Maritime Andes or Venezuelan Coast Range: south of these are the plains bordering the Orinoco and its tributaries, and including the vast stretches of gra -land called the llanos (which see); southeast of the Orinoco (Venezuelan Guiana) there are broken or mountainous lands. The southern and eastern boundaries are unsettled. The chief industries are agriculture (coffee, cacao, tobacco, etc.) in the mountain regions, and grazing Venice as Queen of the Sea. An effective and skilfully painted allegorical picture by Tin to ret to, on the ceiling of the Sala del Col legio in the ducal palace at Venice. Venice of the East. A name occasionally given to Bangkok. on the llanos; gold, copper, etc., are mined in considerable Venice of the North. A name sometimes quantities. The limits and names of the states and territories have been frequently changed. In 1899 the division given to Stockholm and to Amsterdam. into 20 states, which existed in 1864, was reestablished. Venice of the West. An occasional name of The executive is vested in a president chosen for two years, Glasgow. and 7 responsible ministers. Congre consists of a senate Venice Preserved, or a Plot Discovered. A and chamber of deputies. The prevailing language is Span ish, and the prevailing religion Roman Catholic: religious liberty is guaranteed by the constitution. Venezuela was discovered by Columbus in 1498, and was conquered and set tled principally by agents of the commercial house of the Welsers, who held a grant of the country from Charles V. during part of the 16th century. Later the greater part of it was included in the Spanish captain-generalcy of Caracas. Insurrections broke out in 1810; were partially suppre ed 1812–13 and 1815-16; and were finally succe ful in 1821. Until 1829 the country was included in the (original) republic of Colombia. The conflicting principles of the federalist and centralist parties have led to many civil wars and several changes of the constitution. Area (claimed), 597,960 square miles; actually held, probably le than 400,000 square miles. Population (census of 1891), 2,323,527. See Schomburgk Line . Venezuela, Gulf of. See Maracaibo , Gulf of . Vení. See Bení . Venice (ven'is). A province of the kingdom of Italy. Area, 820 square miles. Population (1892), 379,254. Venice (ven'is). [F. Venise , It. Venezia , G. Ve nedig , L. Venetia (from the Veneti).] A seaport, capital of the province of Venice, Italy, situated in the Lagune (lagoons) in a bay of the Adriatic, on 117 small islands, in lat. 45° 26′ N., long 12° 20′ E. The islands are separated by 150 canals and connected by 378 bridges. The city is cele brated for its situation, its palaces, and its works of art. Its trade is important, and it has manufactures of gla , gold-and silver-work, mosaic, silk, velvet, cotton, etc. (which see) being the principal thoroughfare. The most famous church (see Mark , St. , Basilica of ) stands on the Piazza of St. Mark, where also are the Procuratie (or procurators' palaces), campanile (until its collapse in 1902), and clock-tower; while the adjoining Piazzetta is bordered by the palace of the doges (see Doge's Palace ) and the former library (now the great hall of the Palazzo Reale or Procuratie Nuove). Giovanni Paolo, communication is mostly by water, the Grand Canal tragedy by Otway, printed in 1682. The plot is from St. Réal's "Historie de la Conjuration du Marquis de Bedamar." Venlo, or Venloo (ven-lō'). A town in the province of Limburg, Netherlands, situated on the Meuse in lat. 51° 23′ N., long. 6° 9′ E. It has varied manufactures and an extensive trade in swine. It was formerly strongly fortified. In 1473 it was taken by Charles the Bold, and in 1481 by Maximilian I. It was besieged by Charles V. in 1543, and capitulated under favorable conditions (the "Accord of Venloo"); was taken by the Dutch in 1568, by the Duke of Parma in 1586, and by Prince Henry of Orange in 1632; was taken from the French by the Allies under Marl borough in 1702; fell to Austria by the peace of Baden in 1714; was restored to the Netherlands in 1715; was taken by the French Oct. 26, 1794, and incorporated in France in 1801; was restored to the Netherlands by the peace of Paris in 1814; was taken by the Belgians Nov., 1830; and was again restored in 1839. Population (1894), est., 13,021. Venn (ven), or the High Venn. A desolate pla- teau chiefly in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, on the frontier of Belgium, near the towns Mont- joie and Malmedy. Elevation, about 2,000 feet. Venn, John. Born 1834: died 1883. An English writer and lecturer on moral science. He grad- uated at Caius College, Cambridge, in 1857, and was or- dained in 1858. Among his works are "The Logic of Chance, etc." (1866), "On Some of the Characteristics of Belief, Scientific and Religious" (1870), “Symbolic Logic" (1881), "Principles of Empirical or Inductive Logic"(1889). Vennachar (ven'a-chär), Loch. An expansion of the river Teith in Perth shire, Scotland, east of Loch Katrine. Length, 3+ miles. Venosa (vā-nō'sä). A town in the province of Potenza, Italy, 23 miles north of Potenza: the Roman Venusia. It was the birthplace of Hor- ace. Population, about 8,000. Ban Zanipolo, is a fine large Pointed church with a light Venta, or Venta Belgarum (ven'tä bel-gaand lofty interior and a dome at the cro ing. It was the rum). The Roman name of Winchester. usual burial-place of the doges. Among the finest tombs V Ventimiglia (ven-të-mēl'yä). A seaport in are those of Pietro Mocenigo, Michele Morosini, and Andrea Vend ram in-the last a masterpiece of the early Renai ance. Santa Maria dei Frari, designed by Niccolò Pisano, and begun in 1250, is a large church of brick with a fine arcaded apse and a good campanile. The spacious and well-proportioned interior contains good paintings and interesting tombs. The Church of San Giorgio degli Schiavoni, built in 1551 for the lay brotherhood the Dalmatians, is famous for the series of highly realistic paintings by Carpaccio which adorns its interior. The Church of San Salvatore, outside a grotesque Renai ance production, but well proportioned and cla ical in the interior, contains some of the finest Renai ance tombs in Venice. There are many other notable churches. The Palazzo Contarini Fasan, on the Grand Canal, a small house, defaced though it is by restoration, presents the richest example of Venetian 15th-century Pointed work. The Palazzo Foscari is the finest example of Venetian Pointed architecture of the 15th century. The Palazzo Vend ram in-Calergi, built in 1481, is the finest example of a private building of the early Renai ance in Venice. Among other objects of interest are the Bridge of Sighs (which see), the Quay Riva degli Schiavoni, thee Rialto see), and Academy Fine Venetian islands are said to have become refuges from the Teutonic conquerors as early as the 5th and 6th centuries. The dogate was instituted in or about 697. The first permanent settlement was made on the site of Venice in the 9th century. It occupied an intermediate position between the Byzantine empire and that of the West. The title of Duke of Dalmatia was a umed by the doge about 997. The republic of Venice became one of the greatest commercial powers of the world, especially after the partition of the Byzantine empire in 1204, in which it played a leading part, sharing the spoils. It had a long and bitter rivalry with Genoa. It was governed by a doge, great council, senate, and after 1310 by the Council of Ten. In the 14th and 15th centuries it acquired Treviso, Vicenza, Padua, Verona, Udine, Brescia, Bergamo, and other places in northeastern Italy. It was at its height in the 15th century, and held various po e ions in Dalmatia, Greece, and the Levant; became celebrated in art, especially in the 16th century (Titian, Tin to ret to, Paolo Ver onese, Giorgione, Bellini, Sansovino, Palladio, Da Ponte); and lost to the Turks in the 15th and 16th centuries its po e ions in the Morea, with Eubœa, Cyprus, Corfu, etc. The League of Cambray was formed against Venice in 1508. Venice took a leading part in the victory of Lepanto in 1571; lost Crete to the Turks in 1669; and conquered the Morea under Morosini 1685-87. Napoleon put an end to the republic in 1797. Its territories were ceded to Austria by the treaty of Campo-Formio in 1797; were ceded to the kingdom of Italy in 1805, and ceded back to Austria in 1814; and Venetia became part of the Lom bardo-Venetian kingdom in 1815. The republic of Venice, under the leadership of Manin, was proclaimed in 1848. The city was besieged and taken by Austria 1848-49. Venetia (with Venice) was ceded to the kingdom of Italy in 1866. Population (1901), commune, 151,540. the province of Porto-Maurizio, Italy, situated on the Mediterranean, close to the French frontier, 17 miles east-northeast of Nice. Population (1881), 4,195. Ventnor (vent'nor). A watering-place in the Isle of Wight, England, situated on the southern coast 9 miles south-southeast of Newport: noted for its mild climate. Population (1891), 5,817. Ventose (von-tōz'). [F., 'the windy.'] The name adopted in 1793 by the National Convention of the first French repu republic for the sixth month of the year. It consisted of 30 days, beginning in the years 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 with Feb. 19; in 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 with Feb. 20; and in 12 with Feb. 21. Ventoux (von-tö'), Mont. An outlying summit of the Alps, in southeastern France, northeast of Avignon. Height, 6,270 feet. Venus (ve'nus). 1. In Roman mythology, the godde of beauty and love, more especially sensual love. Venus was of little importance as a Roman godde until, at a comparatively late period, she was identified with the Greek Aphrodite. She is represented as the highest ideal of female beauty, and was naturally a favorite subject with poets and artists, some of her statues (see below) being among the noblest remains of cla ical sculpture. 2. The most brilliant of the planets, being frequently visible to the naked eye by daylight. It is the second from the sun and next within the earth's orbit, performing its sidereal revolution in 224.7008 days; its distance from the sun is 0.723332 that of the earth. The synodical revolution is made in 584 days. Its orbit is the most nearly circular of those of the major planets, the greatest equation of the center being only 47' 3". The inclination of the orbit to the ecliptic is 3° 23′.5; and the earth pa es through the ascending node on Dec. 7: The ma of Venus (which is not very closely ascertained) is about Hob that of the sun, or 4 that of the earth. Its diameter is a little smaller than that of our planet, which subtends an angle of 2 x 8". 827 at the sun's center, while Venus at the same distance has a semidiameter of 8".68 by the mean of the best night measures, or 8".40 according to the observations at its transit over the sun. Taking the mean of these (which are affected in opposite ways by irradiation), or 8".54, we find the diameter of Venus about that of the earth. Its volume is about, its density about, and gravity at its surface about the same quantities for the earth. It receives 1.9 as much light and heat from the sun as we, and the tidal action of the latter is about 5.3 times as great as upon the earth. The period of rotation of Venus is set down in many books as 23 hours and 50 minutes; but recent observations have is close replica, but slightly restored, of the Venus Venus häuser . drags up boar from Venosa. Venusia (ve-nū'si-ä). The ancient name of Venus of Arles. A Greek statue found at Arles in 1651, now in the Louvre, Paris. The godde is represented standing, undraped to the hips, with the head slightly inclined toward the left. Venus of Capua. A beautiful antique statue, of the type of the famous Venus of Melos, in the Museo Nazionale, Naples. The godde wears a stephane, and is undraped to her hips. It is a Roman copy of a Greek original. Venus of Cnidus. The best antique reproduction of the type of the famous statue by Praxiteles, in the Vatican, Rome. The figure is nude; the drapery is held in the left hand, and falls over a beautiful vase. The existing drapery about the legs is of tin painted white. The arms are restored. Venus of Medici. An antique Greek original statue of marble, probably of the time of August us, in the Tribuna of the Uffizi, Florence. It is a very graceful, highly finished figure of the godde , undraped, as Anadyomene, with her arms held before her body, and a dolphin to her left. While without the dig nity of earlier Greek work, it has long ranked as a canon of female beauty. Venus of Melos. A famous Greek statue in the Louvre, Paris, perhaps the most admired single existing work of antiquity. It was found in 1820 in the island of Melos, and in date appears to fall between the time of Phidias and that of Praxiteles, or about 400 в. с. The statue represents a majestic woman, undraped to the hips, standing with the weight on the right foot and with the head turned slightly toward the left. The arms are broken off, and there is a dispute as to their original position. Also called the Venus of Milo . Venus of Syracuse. A Greek statue of Venus Anadyomene, of the 3d century B. C., in the Museo Nazionale at Syracuse, Sicily. The statue is headle ; the only drapery is a piece of light ti ue blown back by the wind and retained by the right hand. Venus of the Capitol. A notable Greek original statue, in the Capitoline Museum, Rome. The godde is undraped, with her arms in the position of those of the Venus of Medici, and her drapery thrown over a vase beside her. The motive is a variation of the type of the Venus of Cnidus. Venus of the Hermitage. A noted antique statue of Parian marble, found in Rome in 1859, and now in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg. It of Medici, but is somewhat le affected in pose, though harder in type. Venus of the Shell. A painting by Titian (1520), in Bridge water House, London. The godde wrings her hair as she rises from the sea, in which she is still immersed to her thighs. The modeling is remarkable, despite the strong light on all sides, and the color is admirable. The picture has its name from the small shell floating beside the figure. Venus of Urbino. A masterpiece by Titian, in ful figure reclining on a white-draped couch, the Tribuna of the Uffizi, Florence: a very grace with beautifully warm and transparent flesh tints. It is the portrait of Eleonora Gonzaga, duche of Urbino. Vêpres Siciliennes (vāpr sē-sē-lyen'), Les. [F., 'Sicilian Vespers' (which see).] 1. An opera by Verdi, produced at Paris in 1855, and in England as "I Vespri Siciliani" in 1859.-2. A play by Casimir Delavigne. Vera (vā'rä), Aug us to. Born at Amelia, Um13, 1885. An Italian Hegelian philosopher, probria, Italy, May 4, 1813: died at Naples, July fe or at Naples. He translated various works of Hegel into French, and wrote Problème de la certitudscies45); "An Inquiry into Speculative and Experimental (1856), "E ais de philosophie hégélienne" (1864), etc. Vera Cruz (ve'rä kröz; Sp. pron. vāʼrä kröth). ['True cro .'] A maritime state of Mexico, bounded by the Gulf of Mexico and the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Puebla, Oajaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Capital, Jalapa. The surface is mountainous, except the coast belt. Area, 27,454 square miles. Population (1895), 855,975. Vera Cruz. A seaport in the state of Vera Cruz, Mexico, situated on the Gulf of Mexico in lat. 19° 12′ N., long. 96° 9′W.: defended by the castle of San Juan de Ulúa. It is the principal seaport of Mexico, and the port of export for over half of all Mexican products. It was founded by Cortés near the present site (see Villa Rica ); was made a city in 1615; was bombarded and taken by the French in 1838, and by the Americans under Scott in 1847; and was taken by the