Clemens

TITUS FLAVIUS, (klēm'énz,) generally called CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA, a Father of the Church, was B. abt. the middle of the 2d cent. He taught at Alexandria and at Antioch. Stromata is his best known work. D. abt. 220. Clement,(klēm'ent,) the name of several Roman pontiffs, as follows: C. I. (Clemens Roman us), one of the Apostolic Fathers, B. abt. A. D. 30, is believed to be identical with St. Paul's fellow-laborer of same name (Phil. iv. 3). According to tradition, he was baptized by St. Peter, and consecrated bishop ofRome in 91. He left several works. D. abt. 100. He is held as a saint and martyr in the Church ofRome, his festival-day being Nov. 23.-C. ΙΙ., a Saxon, s. Gregory VI. in 1046. He crowned the emperor Henry III., and D. 1047. - C. III. s. Gregory VIII. in 1187, instigated a crusade against the Infidels. D. 1191.-C. IV. s. Urban IV. in 1265. D. 1268.-C. V. s. Benedict XI. in 1305, removed the papal court to Avignon, and at the instigation of Philip the Fair of France, suppre ed the order of Knights Templars. D. 1314. C. VI., a French man, s. Benedict XII., 1342. During his pontificate occurred the revolt headed by Rienzi, (q. v.) D. atAvignon,1352.-C. VII. (Giulio de Medici), nephew of Lorenzo the Magnificent, s. Adrian VI. in 1523. He joined the " Holy League " against the emperor Charles V., and by so doing caused the invasion and sack of Rome, and his own imprisonment in the castle of St. Angelo. He afterwards made his peace with the emperor, and, in 1534, excommunicated Henry VIII. of England for his repudiation of Catherine of Aragon. This led to the final separation of England from the Church of Rome. D. 1534.- C. VIII. (Ippolito Aldobrandini) s. Innocent IX. in 1592. He was a learned and liberal pontiff, and helped to bring about the peace of Vervins in 1598. D. 1605. - C. IX. s. Alexander VII., 1667. D. 1670.- C. X., B. 1590, s. the preceding, 1670, and left the govt. in the hands of Cardinal Paluzzi, on account of his great age. D. 1676.- C. XI. s. Innocent XII. in 1700. He i ued the famous bull Uni gen it us, which produced a schism of many years' standing between France and the Holy See. D. 1721. - C. XII. (Lorenzo di Corsini), a reformer of the Church, s.Benedict XIII. in 1730, and D. 1740. C. XIII. s. Benedict XIV. in 1758. During his pontificate the Jesuits were expelled from France, Spain, Portugal, and Naples, and Avignon and Ben even to were taken from the Church. D. 1769. - C. XIV. (Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Gang anelli) s Clement XIII. in 1769, and in 1773 i ued the bull which abolished the [s. 196]