ruminate (roʻmin at)

[ L.rum in at us, pp. of rum in are or ruminari: see ruminate, v. ] In bot., appearing as if chewed: noting a structure of the endosperm (albumen) of a seed which gives a mottled appearance to its section, and which results from the infolding of a dark inner layer of the seed-coat into the lighter-colored matter of the endosperm, as in the nutmeg. Goebel. ruminated (rö'mi-nā-ted), a. [ In a rum i rumination (rö-mi-na's hon), n. [ = F. rumina tion = Pg.ruminação = It. rum in azione, The act or proce of ruminating, or chewing the cud. The food of ruminants is entirely herbaceous, and consists chiefly of gra . This is rapidly cropped by grazing, and hastily swallowed, mixed with saliva. When its appetite is satisfied, the ruminant stands still, or oftener lies down, generally on its side. Then occurs a spasmodic action of the abdominal muscles and of the diaphragm, like a hiccup, which forces a bolus of gra , sodden in the fluids of the paunch, up the gullet and into the mouth, to be masticated or chewed at leisure. During this second chewing the cud is mixed with more saliva, thoroughly ground to pulp, and in this semi-fluid state it is finally swallowed. The cropped gra , when first swallowed, pa es indifferently into either the rumen or the reticulum (which are in fact only two compartments of the cardiac division of the stomach, the gullet entering the stomach just at their junction), and in the ordinary peristaltic action of the stomach the fodder pa es back and forth from one to the other. But there is an arrangement of muscular folds by means of which a canal may be formed that leads directly from the gullet past the rumen and reticulum into the psalterium, and by this channel the food, when returned after the rumination, may be conducted directly to the third stomach. Water drunk pa es easily into any of the four stomachs according to circumstances. Neither the paunch nor the honeycomb is ever completely emptied of food; they have been found partly filled with sodden fodder in animals which have starved to death. It does not appear, as has been supposed, that the reticulum is specially concerned in modeling the boluses which are to be regurgitated. The regurgitation is effected by the reversed peristaltic action of the gullet. During the spasmodic action by which the sodden ma is driven against the opening of the gullet, and some of it forced into the gullet to be thrown up, it is prevented from pa ing into the psalterium partly by the narrowne of the opening between the reticulum and the psalterium, and partly by the resistance offered to the coarse ma by the close-pre ed psalterial leaves or layers, which act like a fine grating. But when the ma is swallowed again in its now pulpified and semifluid state, and is directed to the psalterium by the conformation of the parts, it readily soaks in through the psalterial layers, and thus reaches the abomasum or fourth stomach, where it is finally chymified by the action of the gastric juice, to which it is not before subjected. Rumination in man, when it is pathological, is also called mery cism. 2. The act of ruminating or meditating; a musing or continued thinking on a subject; meditation or reflection. IMG:content-2604.png:[blocks in formation] ruminet (rö'min), v . t . [ nare , ruminate: see ruminate .] To ruminate. As studious scholar, he self- rumineth His le ons giv'n. rumkin1t (rum'kin), n . [Also rumken , romkin , romekin ; perhaps for * rummerkin , rummer + -kin.] A kind of drinking-ve el; a rummer. Gayton. Wine ever flowing in large Saxon romekins About my board. IMG:content-2605.png:[blocks in formation] I find the people strangely fantasied; Po e 'd with rumours , full of idle dreams. Shak., K. John, iv. 2. 145, What record, or what relic of my lord Should be to aftertime, but empty breath And rumours of a doubt? - Rummage sale, a clearing-out sale of unclaimed goods at docks, or of miscellaneous articles left in a warehouse. rummager (rum'āj-ér), n. [Early mod. E. rom- ager, roomager ; rummage , v ., + -er1.] 1. One who arranges or stows the cargo on a ship. 4. Fame; reported celebrity; reputation. The master must prouide a perfect mariner called a Romager , to raunge and bestow all marchandize in such place as is conuenient. Hakluyt's Voyages , III. 862. 2. One who searches. The smuggler exercises great cunning, and does his ut- most to outwit the customs rummager . Sci . Amer ., N. S., LIX. 372. rummer (rum'er), n . [ roemer , formerly also romer , = G. römer = Sw. remmare , a drink- ing-gla ; said to be orig. G. (used for Rhenish wine according to Phillips; cf. "Rhenish rum- mers" in the first quot.), and so called because used in the Römer - saal at Frankfort (Skeat), lit. 'hall of the Romans': Römer , Rom , Rome; saal , hall (see sale2 ). Cf. rumkin1 .] A drink- ing-gla or-cup; also, a cupful of wine or other liquor. The name is especially given to the tall and showy gla es, nearly cylindrical in form and without stem, which are identified with German gla ware of the seventeenth century. Then Rhenish rummers walk the round, In bumpers every king is crown'd. Dryden, To Sir George Etherege, 1. 45. Ordered in a whole bottle of the best port the beggarly place could afford - to ed it off in an ecstacy of two rum- mers, and died on the spot of sheer joy. IMG:content-2606.png:[blocks in formation] 3. To set in motion; stir; hence, specifically, to mix by stirring or some other form of agita- tion: as, to rummage a liquid. The Feuer. now posting, sometimes pawsing, Euen as the matter, all these changes causing, Is rommidged with motions slowe or quick In feeble bodies of the Ague sick. We'll go in a body and rummage out the badger in Birken wood-bank. Scott , Rob Roy, xii. Giue the master or Boatswaine, or him that will take upon him to romage , a good reward for his labour to see the goods well romaged. Hakluyt & Voyages , I. 300. 2. To search narrowly, especially by moving about and looking among the things in the place searched; execute a search. I'll merely relate what, in spite of the pains I have taken to rummage among his remains, No edition of Shakspeare I've met with contains. Noctes Ambrosianæ , Sept., 1832. rum mil gumption (rum'il-gump "shon), rummle (rum'l), v . A dialectal form of rumble . rummyl (rum'i), a . [ rum1 + -y1.] pertaining to rum: as, a rummy flavor. rummy2 (rum'i), a. [ rum2 + -y1.] queer. [Slang.] Although a rummy codger, Now list to what I say. rumneyt, romneyt (rum'ni), n . [ ME.rumney , romney, romnay, romenie , romania , "a kind of excellent wine in Italy, like mal me- sie" (Florio), so called from Napoli di Romania , in the Morea, where it was orig. produced.] A kind of sweet wine. Larkys in hot schow, ladys for to pyk, Good drynk therto, lycyus and fyne, Blwet of allmayne, romnay and wyin. S. Dowell , Taxes in England, IV. 80. [ rumour , rumor, rumour (rö'mor), n . romour , reumor , rumour , rumor , remour , rumeur , F.rumeur = Pr. rim or , rumor = Sp. Pg. rumor = It. rimore , romore , noise, rumor, = D. rumoer = G. Dan. Sw. rumor , noise, uproar, rumor , a noise, rumor, murmur; cf. L. ru- mificare , proclaim, LL. rum it are , spread re- ports; Skt. √ ru , hum, bray. Cf. rumble .] 1. A confused and indistinct noise; a vague sound; And whan these com on ther was so grete toile and romour of noyse that wonder it was to heere, and ther- with a-roos so grete a duste that the cleir sky wax all derk. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 393. I pray you, bear me hence From forth the noise and rumour of the field. Great is the rumour of this dreadful knight, Shak., 1 Hen. VI., ii. 3. 7. Go forth, and let the rumor of thee run Through every land that is beneath the sun. IMG:content-2607.png:[blocks in formation] 2. Confused or indistinct in sound; vaguely heard; murmuring. [Rare.] Clashing of armours, and the rumorous sound Of the stern billows, in contention stood. rump (rump) , п . [ rumpe , appar. rumpr = Sw. rump a = Dan. rumpe , rump (the Scand. forms appar. from the D. or LG.), = MD. rompe , D. romp , a body or trunk, = MLG. LG. rump = MHG. G. rumpf , the bulk or trunk of a body, a trunk, carca , hull.] 1. The tail- end of an animal; the hinder parts; the back- side or buttocks; technically, the gluteal or uropygial region; the uropygium. See sacrum and uropygium .-2. Figuratively, the fag-end of a thing. Specifically [ cap .], in Eng . hist ., the fag-end of the Long Parliament, after the expulsion of the major- ity of its members, or Pride's Purge, by Cromwell in 1648. The Rump was forcibly di olved by Cromwell in 1653, but was afterward reinstated on two different occasions for brief periods. Also called Rump Parliament . rump (rump), v . t . [ rump , n.] To turn one's back upon. [Rare.] This mythologick Deity was Plutus, The grand Divinity of Cash, Who, when he rumps us quite, and won't salute us, If we are men of Commerce, then we smash. rump-bone (rump'bōn), n. rumpert (rum'pėr), n. who was favorable to, or was a member of, the Rump Parliament. See rump , 2. Colman , Poetical Vagaries, p. 129. ( Dariez .) Same as sacrum . [ rump + -erl .] One Pepys , Diary, March 7, 1660. Neither was the art of blasphemy or free-thinking in- vented by the court, but first brought in by the fanatick Shak ., K. John, v. 4. 45. faction, towards the end of their power, and, after the res- For many a week to ration, carried to White hall by the converted rumpеть, Hid from the wide world's rumour by the grove with very good reason. Swift , Polite Conversation, Int. Of poplars with their noise of falling showers, rump-fedt (rump'fed), a . [ rump + fed . pp. of And ever-tremulous aspen-trees, he lay. feed.] Fed on offal or scraps from the kitchen (according to Nares, fed, or fattened, in the rump; fat-bottomed). [Rare.] Tennyson, Lance lot and Elaine. Barham , In golds by Legends, IL. 58. 2. Flying or popular report; the common voice. So they found at Babylon, In rummaging among the rarities, A certain coffer. IMG:content-2608.png:[blocks in formation] tidious oratory, to rumple her laces, her frizzles, and her bobins, though she wince and fling never so Peevishly. Milton , On Def. of Humb. Remonst. We all know the story of the prince and her rumpled rose-leaf felt through half-a-score of blankets. Whyte Melville , White Rose, II. xi. rumple (rum'pl), n . [A var. of rimple , q. v. Cf. rumple , v .] A wrinkle; a fold; a ridge. And yet Lucretia's fate would bar that vow; And fair Virginia would her fate bestow On Rutila, and change her faultle make For the foul rumple of her camel-back. Shelley , To a Skylark. Specifically-(a) Of the horse, to move with the gait dis- tinctively called a run . See run1 , n., 1 (a). (b) To take part in a race: as, to run for the stakes, or for a place: said of horses or athletes. Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize? So run that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24. (c) To take part in a hunt or chase: as, to run with the hounds. IMG:content-2609.png:[blocks in formation] Thanne the i lete blowe an horn in the maister toure, and than ronne to armes thourgh the town. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 197. A kind heart he hath; a woman would run through fire and water for such a kind heart. Shak ., M. W. of W., iii. 4. 107. What need a man forestall his date of grief, And run to meet what he would most avoid? Milton , Comus, 1. 363. 'Tis habitual to them to run to the Succour of those they see in Danger. Steele, Grief A-la-Mode, Pref. 3. To flee; retreat hurriedly or secretly; steal away; abscond; desert: often followed by rump -post (rump'pōst), n . The share-bone or pygostyle of a bird. Coues . See cut under away or off . pygostyle. rump-steak (rump'stāk), n . A beefsteak cut from the thigh near the rump. run (run), v .; pret. ran (sometimes run ), pp. run , ppr. running . [E.dial. or Sc. also rin , ren ; rinnen , rynnen, rennen (pret. ran , ron , pl. and pp. runnen , ronnen , runne , ronne ; the mod. E. having taken the vowel of the pp. also in the inf.), rinnan (pret. ran , pl. runnon , pp. gerunnen ), usually transposed corn an , irnan , iernan , yrnan (pret. arn , orn , pl. urn on , pp. urnen ) (> ME. ernen , etc.: see earn3 ), run, flow, = OS. rinnan = OFries. rinna , renna = MD. rinnen , rennen , runnen = MLG. rinnen , flow, ren- nen , run, =OHG. rinnan , flow, swim, run, MHG. rinnen , G. rinnen , run, flow (pret. rann , pp. ge- ronnen ), = Icel. rinna , later renna = Sw. rinna = Dan. rinde , flow, rende , run, = Goth. rinnan , run; also causative, OS. rennian = OHG. ren- nan , MHG. G. rennen = Goth. rannjan , cause to run; prob., with present formative -n, rinel ), perhaps akin to Skt. Var or ri , go. Hence ult. run , n., runaway , runnel , ren- net1, rine1.] I. in trans. 1. To move swiftly by using the legs; go on the legs more rapidly than in walking; hence, of animals without legs, to move swiftly by an energetic use of the machinery of locomotion: as, a running whale. In bipedal locomotion the usual distinction be- tween running and walking is, that in running each foot in turn leaves the ground before the other reaches it. In zoology, usually, to run means to move the legs of each side alternately, whether fast or slow-being thus dist in- guished, not from walk , but from any locomotion in which the opposite legs move together, as in jumping, leaping, or hopping. Freres and faitours that on here fete rennen . Piers Plowman (B), ii. 182. And as she runs , the bushes in the way, Some catch her by the neck, some ki her face. Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 871. King Horn (E. E. T. S.), p. 25. That same man that renneth awaie Maie again fight, an other daie. Udall , tr. of Erasmus's Apophthegms, p. 372. My conscience will serve me to run from this Jew, my master. Shak ., M. of V., ii. 2. 2. I forgot to say Garrat run off a month ago.. Mr. Grierson has expeld him for running away . 4. To move, especially over a definite course: said of inanimate things, and with the most varied applications; be propelled or borne along; travel; pursue a course; specifically, of a ship, to sail before the wind. And running under a certain island which is called Clauda, we had much work to come by the boat. Acts xxvii. 16. Thou... think'st it much to tread the ooze Of the salt deep, Far ran the naked moon acro The housele ocean's heaving field. and day; the hotel is running again. Rudelez [curtains] rennande on ropez. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 857. Wert thou not brother to great Edward's son, This tongue that runs so roundly in thy head Should run thy head from thy unreverent shoulders. Shak., Rich. II., ii. 1. 122. You've been running too fast, and under too high pres- You must take these weights off the safety valve. Bank your fires and run on half steam. He has never failed in getting such offices as he want- ed, the record of his running being about as good as that of any man in the country. The Nation , XI . 1. Z., who has written a few witty pieces, and who, being rich and an epicure, is running for the Academy on the strength of his good dinners. Harper's Mag . , LXXVIII. 518. 13. To go on; goby; pa or glide by; elapse. Since she is living, let the time run on To good or bad. Shak., Cymbeline, v. 5. 128. She does well and wisely To ask the counsel of the ancient'st, madam; Our years have run through many things she knows not. Fietcher, Rule a Wife, i. 4. Ford , Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1. Tennyson , Enoch Arden. 5. To perform a regular pa age from place to place; ply: as, the boats run daily; a train runs every hour.-6. To flow. ( a ) To flow in any manner, slowly or rapidly; move, as a stream, the sand in an hour-gla , or the like. In the tur ther is a welle Suthe cler hit is with alle, He urneth in o pipe of bras Whider so hit ned was. King Horn (E. E. T. S.), p. 57. In the dede Sce renne the the Flom Jordan, and there it dyethe; for it renne the no furthermore. Mandeville , Travels, p. 102. The fourth [current of lava], at la Torre, is that which run at the great eruption on the fifth of May. Pococke , Description of the East, II. ii. (b) To spread on a surface; spread and blend together: as, colors run in washing. An Arcadian hat of green sarcenet,.. not so very much stained, except where the occasional storms of rain, incidental to a military life, had caused the green to run . T. Hardy , The Trumpet-Major, ii. 7. To give pa age to or discharge a fluid or a flowing substance, as tears, pus, the sand of an hour-gla , etc. Mine eyes shall weep sore, and run down with tears, because the Lord's flock is carried away captive. Jer. xiii. 17. I should not see the sandy hour-gla run But I should think of shallows and of flats. Shak ., M. of V., i. 1. 25. Specifically - (a) In founding , said of a mold when the molten metal works out through the parting or through some interstice, crevice, or break: as, the mold runs . (b) In organ - building , said of the air in a wind-chest when it leaks into a channel. As wax di olves, as ice begins to run , And trickle into drops before the sun, So melts the youth. Add is on , tr. of Ovid's Meta morph., iii. If the arches are fired too hot, they will run or stick to- gether. C. T. Davis, Bricks and Tiles, p. 147. 9. To extend from point to point; spread by growth, or expansion, or development of any kind: as, the flames ran through the gra . They think it strange that ye run not with them to the same exce of riot. 1 Pet. iv. 4. At his own shadow let the thief run mad, Himself himself seek every hour to kill! Through ev'ry change that Fancy, at the loom Exhausted, has had genius to supply. Cowper , Task, ii. 607. He ran headlong into the boisterous vices which prove fatal to so many of the ignorant and the brutal. Southey, Bunyan, p. 13. It is not only po ible but quite probable that these last two [cows were more influenced by the individual tendency to " run dry" than by the extra grain feed in the ration. Science , XV. 24. Hence - (b) To tend or incline; have a proclivity or gen- eral tendency; be favorable: as, his inclinations run to public life: followed by in , into , to , or toward . That spot of spysez mygt nedez sprede, Ther such rychez to rot [root] is runnen . Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), i. 26. Revenge is a kind of wild justice which the more Man's nature runs to , the more ought law to weed it out. Lacon , Revenge (ed. 1887). A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds; therefore let him seasonably water the one, and destroy the other. Bacon , Nature in Men (ed. 1887). The temperate climates usually run into moderate gov- ernments, and the extremes into despotic power. Swift , Sentiments of Ch. of Eng. Man, ii. A birthplace The eyes of the Lord run to and fro throughout the whole earth. 2 Chron. xvi. 9. So of the rest, till we have quite run through , And wearied all the fables of the gods. B. Jonson , Volpone, iii. 6. If I write anything on a black Man, I run over in my Mind all the eminent Persons in the Nation who are of that Complect i on. Add is on , Spectator, No. 262. (d) To continue to think or speak of something; dwell in thought or words; harp: as, his mind or his talk runs con- tinually on his troubles: followed by on or upon . IMG:content-2610.png:[blocks in formation] 16. To have a certain form, tenor, or purport; be written or expre ed: as, the argument runs as follows. They must-.. For so run the conditions-leave those remnants Of fool and feather that they got in France. Shak., Hen. VIII., i. 3. 24. Once on a time (so runs the fable) A country mouse, right hospitable, Received a town mouse at his board. Pope , Imit. of Horace, II. vi. 157. That Matthew's numbers run with ease Each man of common sense agrees! Cowper, Epistle to Robert Lloyd. 5270 "Bad this year, better the next." - We must take things rough and smooth as they run . Foote, Mayor of Garratt, i. 1. The disputes between the King and the Parliament run very high. Walpole, Letters, II. 511. An age when Saurians run ridiculously small. George Eliot , Theophrastus Such, iii. In 1795 and 1796 the price of wheat ran far beyond the statutory 548., viz., to 75s. the quarter. S. Dowell , Taxes in England, IV. 11. When Barrels are sold as they run , the term "as they run " shall be understood to refer to the condition as to cooperage only. New York Produce Exchange Report (1888-9), p. 279. 21. To rest, as on a foundation or basis; turn; hinge. Much upon this riddle runs the wisdom of the world. Shak., M. for M., iii. 2. 242. It is a confederating with him to whom the sacrifice is offered; for upon that the apostle's argument runs . Bp . Atterbury . 22. In music , to perform a run or similar figure. As when a maide, taught from her mother's wing To tune her voyce unto a silver string, When she should run , she rests; rests, when should run . W. Browne , Britannia's Pastorals, i. 5. 23. In a variety of technical uses, to go awry; make a fault; slip: as, a thread runs in knitting when a stitch is dropped. A common drill may run , as it is usually termed, and produce a hole which is anything but straight. Farrow, Mil. Encyc., III. 524. Lace made without this traversing motion would, in case a thread was broken, run or become undone. A. Barlow , Weaving, p. 360. It cannot be said that the Emperor's writs run in it except in some few settled districts. Athenæum , No. 3068, p. 202. The Queen's writ, it has been remarked, cannot be said to run in large parts of Ireland, while in every part of the United States the Federal writ is implicitly obeyed. Nineteenth Century , XIX. 793. ( b ) To pa in connection with or as an incident to. Thus, a covenant restricting the use or enjoy ment of land is said to run with the land, alike if the burden it imposes is to continue on the land burdened, into whatsoever hands that land pa es, or if the right to claim its enforcement is to pa with the land intended to be benefited, into whosesoever hands the latter land may pa . If the covenant does not run with the land, it is merely personal, binding and benefiting only the parties to it and their personal representatives. Covenants are said to " run with the land" when the liabilities and rights created by them pa to the a ignees of the original parties. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 275. 18. To be current; circulate publicly. (a) To be in current use or circulation. And whan that Money hat he ronne so longe that it begynnethe to waste, than men beren it to the Emperoures Tresorye. Mandeville , Travels, p. 239. Are not these the Spanish "pillar dollars"; and did they not run current in England as crown pieces? N. and Q., 7th ser., VI. 338. (b) To be publicly heard or known; be spread abroad; pa from one to another. "What, is this Arthures hous," quoth the hathel thenne, "That all the rous [fame] rennes of, thurz ryalmes so mony?" Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 310. There ran a rumor Of many worthy fellows that were out. Shak., Macbeth, iv. 3. 182. One day the story ran that Hamilton had given way, and that the government would carry every point. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. A murmuring whisper thro' the nunnery ran . Tennyson, Guinevere. 19. To keep going; be kept up; extend through a period of time; continue (used specifically of a play or other theatrical exhibition); hence, specifically, to continue so long before expiring or being paid or becoming payable: as, a subscription that has three months to run; the account ran on for a year. She saw, with joy, the line immortal run , Each sire impre 'd and glaring in his son. Pope , Dunciad, i. 99. Learning that had run in the family like an heirloom! Sheridan, School for Scandal, iii. 3. No question had ever been raised as to Mr. Nolan's extraction on the strength of his hooked nose, or of his name being Baruch. Hebrew names ran in the best Saxon families; the Bible accounted for them. runs. George Eliot , Felix Holt, xx. Yet I doubt not thro' the ages one increasing purpose Tennyson, Locksley Hall. The play on this occasion only ran three days, and then Sir John Vanbrugh produced his comedy called "The Confederacy." J. Ashton , Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, II. 8. 20. To reach a certain pitch, extent, importance, quality, or value; hence, to average; mands: as, to run upon a bank.-25. To keep on the move; go about continually or uneasily; Pasily be restle , as a rutting animal; be in rut. - To cut and run. See cut. To let run, to allow to pa freely or easily; slacken, as a rope, cable, or the like. To run acro , to come acro ; meet by chance; fall in with: as, to run acro a friend in London. To run after, to seek after; of persons, to pursue, especially for social purposes; hence, to court the society of. The mind, upon the suggestion of any new notion, runs after similes, to make it the clearer to itself. Locke. If he wants our society, let him seek it... I will not spend my hours in running after my neighbours. Jane Austen , Pride and Prejudice, liii. To run against. (a) To come into collision with. This man of God had his share of suffering from some that were convinced by him, who, through prejudice or mistake, ran against him. Penn, Rise and Progre of Quakers, v. (b) Same as to run acro . (c) To result unfavorably or adversely to. The owner hath incurred the forfeiture of eight years' profits of his lands before he cometh to the knowledge of the proce that runneth against him. Bacon . Had the present war indeed run against us, and all our attacks upon the enemy been vain, it might look like a degree of frenzy.. to be determined on so impracticable an undertaking. Add is on, Present State of the War. To run ahead of one's reckoning. See reckoning. To run amuck. See amuck . To run at, to a ail suddenly; rush upon. Jack Stamford would have run at him [Felton), but he was kept off by Mr. Nicholas. Howell , Letters, I. v. 7. To run at the ring. See ring1. To run away or off with. (a) To carry off in sudden or hurried flight: as, a horse runs away with a carriage; the mutineers ran away with the ship. Now in Iames Towne they were all in combustion, the strongest preparing once more to run away with the Pin Quoted in Capt . John Smith's Works, I. 163. (b) To abscond or elope with. nace. Now, my dear sir, between you and I, we know very well, my dear sir, that you have run off with this lady for the sake of her money. Dickens , Pickwick, x. (c) To carry too far; lead beyond bounds; transport. His desires run away with him through the strength and force of a lively imagination. Steele , Tatler, No. 27. To run awry. See awry . To run before. (a) To run from in flight; flee before: as, the troops ran before the enemy. (b) To outstrip; surpa ; excel. But the scholar ran Before the master, and so far, that Bleys Laid magic by. Tennyson, Coming of Arthur. To run counter. See counter3, adv., 1. - To run deep, to swim far under water, as fish or a whale. To run down. (a) To have its motive power exhausted; stop working: as, the clock or the musical box ran down. ( b ) To become weakened or exhausted; deteriorate; fall off: as, his health has run down. Here was, evidently, another case of an academy having run down, and its operations discontinued. Supreme Court Reporter , Χ. 809. To run down a coast, to sail along it. To run foul of. Same as to fall foul of (which see, under foull ). - To run idle. See idle. To run in. (a) In printing: (1) Same as to run on. (2) To occupy a smaller space in type than was expected: said of copy. ( b ) In the refining of iron as followed in Yorkshire, England, to run the molten pig directly from the furnace into the refinery: distinguished from melting down, when the refinery is charged with unmelted pig, scrap, etc. To run in debt, to incur pecu rule. niary obligations; make a debt. run Our long stay here hath occasioned the expense of much more money than I expected, so as I am run much in Mr. Goffe's debt . Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 446. To run in one's head or mind, to linger in one's memory; haunt one's mind. These courtiers run in my mind still. B. Jonson, Poetaster, ii. 1. Heigh ho!- Though he has used me so, this fellow runs strangely in my head. I believe one lecture from my grave cousin will make me recall him. Sheridan , The Rivals, v. 1. To run in the blood, See blood. To run into, to run against; collide with. - To run in trust. See trust.-To run in with. (a) To agree, comply, or close with. (0) Naut., to sail close to: as, to run in with the land. To run mad. See mad1.- To run of (or on) a garget. See garget. To run off with. See to run away with. To run on. (a) To keep on; continue without pause or change; especially, to keep on talking; keep up a running stream of conversation; ramble on in talking. Even so must I run on , and even so stop. What surety of the world, what hope, what stay, When this was now a king, and now is clay? Shak., K. John, v. 7. 67. Even Boswell could say, with contemptuous compa ion, that he liked very well to hear honest Goldsmith run on, "Yes, sir," said Johnson, "but he should not like to hear himself." Macaulay , Oliver Goldsmith. (b) Specifically, in printing, to continue in the same line without making a break or beginning a new paragraph, (c) To carry on; behave in a lively, frolicsome manner; laugh and jest, as from high spirits. [Colloq.] - To run on al fours. See four, n. - To run on pattenst. See patten". -To run on sorts, in printing, to require an unusual or disproportionate quantity of one or more characters or types: said of copy. To run out. (a) To stop after running to the end of its time, as a watch or a sand-gla . Every Tuesday I make account that I turn a great hourgla , and consider that a week's life is run out since I writ. Donne, Letters, xx. (b) To come to an end; expire: as, a lease runs out at Michael mas. (c) To be wasted or exhausted: as, his money will soon run out. IMG:content-2611.png:[blocks in formation] (b) [ Over, prep.] (1) To go over, examine, recapitulate, or recount cursorily. I ran over their cabinet of medals [at Zurich), but do not remember to have met with any in it that are extra or dinary rare. Add is on , Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bohn, L 522). (2) To ride or drive over: as, to run over a child-To run riot. See riot. To run rusty. See rusty . To run through, to spend quickly; di ipate: as, he soon ran through his fortune. For a man who had long ago run through his own money, servitude in a great family was the best kind of retirement after that of a pensioner. George Eliot , Felix Holt, XXV. To run together. (a) To mingle or blend, as metals fused in the same ve el. (b) In mining , to fall in, as the walls of a lode, so as to render the shafts and levels impa able. Ansted . (c) To keep in a pod or school, as whales when one of their number has been struck. - To run to seed. (a) To shoot or spindle up, become stringy, and yield flowers, and ultimately seed, instead of developing the leaves, head, root, etc., for which they are valued: said of herbaceous plants. Such plants, if not required for seed, are pulled up and rejected as refuse. Better to me the meanest weed That blows upon its mountain, The vilest herb that runs to seed Beside its native fountain. Tennyson, Amphion. IMG:content-2612.png:[blocks in formation] In working woollen cloths, they are. as is well known, liable to run up or contract in certain dimensions, becoming thicker at the same time. W. Crookes, Dyeing and Calico-printing, p. 88. (b) [ Up . prep.] To count rapidly from bottom to top of in calculating, as a column of figures. To run upon, to quiz; make a butt of. [U. S.] He is a quiet, good-natured, inoffensive sort of chap and will stand running upon as long as most men, but who is a perfect tiger when his pa ions are roused. A. B. Long street, Southern Sketches, p. 137. (Bartlett) To run wide, to school at a considerable distance from [Beaufort, North Carolina.] To run with the machine. the shore, out of easy reach of the seine, as fish. See machine . S. Dowell , Taxes in England, IV. 218. 7. To be exposed to; incur: as, to run a hazard, a risk, or a danger. He must have run the risque of the Law, and been put upon his Clergy. Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1. During an absence of six years, I run some risk of los- ing most of the distinction, literary and political, which I have acquired. Macaulay , in Trevelyan, I. 310. ing, forcing, driving, thrusting, pushing, etc.: as, to run one's head against a wall; to run a train off the track; to run a thread through a piece of cloth; to run a dagger into one's arm. And falling into a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground. Acts xxvii. 41. In peril évery hour to split, Some unknown harbour suddenly [they] must sound, Or run their fortunes desp'rately on ground. Drayton , Barons' Wars, i. 55. The gla was so clear that she thought it had been open, and so ran her head through the gla . The Tonquinese understand how to run Metals, and are very expert in tempering the Earth wherewith they make their mould. Dampier , Voyages, II. i. 70. Hence ( f ) To form by molding; mold; cast: as, to run bullets. ( g ) To cause to pa or change into a particular state; transform; cause to become. These wild woods, and the fancies I have in me, Will run me mad. Fletcher , Pilgrim, iii. 3. Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions. Locke . 2. To accomplish or execute by running; hence, in general, to go through; perform; do: as, to run a trip or voyage; to run an errand. Sesounez schal yow neuer sese of sede ne of heruest,.. Bot euer renne restlez rengnezze (courses] ther-inne. IMG:content-2613.png:[blocks in formation] To run a levantt. See levant3 . - To run a match, to contend with another in running. To run and fell, to make (as a seam) by running and felling. See fell1 , n . , 2.- To run a rig, a risk, etc. See the nouns. To run down. ( a ) In hunting , to chase till exhausted: as, to run down a stag; hence, figuratively, to pursue and overtake, as a criminal; hunt down; persecute. Must great offenders, once escaped the crown, Like royal harts be never more run down ? Jane Austen , Mans field Park, xiii. Nature never ran up in her haste a more restle piece of workmanship. Lamb , My Relations. (d) To execute by hanging: as, they dragged the wretch to a tree and ran him up . [Western U. S.] Pope, Epil. to Satires, ii. 20. transactions with regard to the family affairs is an abomi- nably unjust and unnatural thing. George Eliot , Felix Holt, xlii. (b) Naut . , to collide with (a ship); especially, to sink (a ship) by collision. (c) To overthrow; overwhelm. Religion is run down by the license of these times. Bp. Berkeley. (d) To depreciate; disparage; abuse. It was Cynthio's humour to run down everything that was rather for ostentation than use. No person should be permitted to kill characters and run down reputations, but qualified old maids and disap- pointed widows. Sheridan , School for Scandal, ii. 2. (e) To reduce in health or strength: as, he was run down by overwork. - To run hard. (a) To pre hard in a race or other competition. Living stone headed the list, though Fallow field ran him hard . Lawrence , Guy Living stone, xii. (6) To urge or pre importunately. [Colloq. in both uses. ] -To run in. (a) In printing : (1) To cause to follow without break, as a word, clause, etc., after other matter in type. (2) To make room for (a small woodcut or other form of illustration) by overrunning or rearranging com- posed types; sometimes, conversely, the type thus ar- ranged is said to be run in beside the woodcut. (b) Το take into custody; arrest and confine; lock up, as a cul- prit or criminal. [Slang.] The respectable gentleman [the consul] who in a foreign seaport town takes my part if I get run in by the police. N. and Q., 7th ser., VIII. 49. (c) To confine; inclose; corral: as, to run in cattle.- To run into the ground, to carry to an extreme; over- do. [Colloq., U. S.]- To run off. (a) To cause to flow out: as, to run off a charge of molten metal from a fur- nace. (b) The at ., to move or roll off, as scenes from the stage. (c) In printing , to take impre ions of; print: as, this pre will run off ten you sand every hour; to run off an edition. (d) To tell off; repeat; count: as, he ran off the list or the figures from memory. - To run on. ( a ) In printing , to carry on or continue, as matter to fill up an incomplete line, without break. (b) The at ., to move or bring upon the stage by means of wheels or rollers. Nearly all scenes which are not raised or lowered by ropes from the "rigging-loft," or space under the roof above the stage, are mounted on wheels which enable them to be easily moved upon the stage, hence the com- pound verbs run on and run off, which are in universal use in the theatre. The word "move" is scarcely ever heard. New York Tribune , July 14, 1889. (c) In mach., to start (a machine or an apparatus) by con- necting it or some part of it with a prime motor, or by some other adjustment nece ary to set it in motion or action. To run one's face. See facel . To run one's letters. See letter3 . To run out. (a) To run to com- pletion; make an end of; exhaust: as, we had run out all our line. Fly, envious Time, till thou run out thy race. Milton , Ode on Time. (b) To cause to depart suddenly and by force; banish: as, to run a thief out of town or camp; run him out . (Slang, U. S.] (c) To carry out the end of, as a warp, hawser, The wyf cam lepyng inward with a ren . Chaucer , Reeve's Tale, 1. 159. Thou mayst slide from my shoulder to my heel with no greater a run but my head and my neck. A fire, good Curtis. Shak ., T. of the S., iv. 1. 16. run the conducting of a journey or pa age from start to finish: as, to take a run to Paris; the engineer had a good run from the west. Seamen are said to be engaged for the run when they are shipped for a single trip out or homeward, or from one port to another. 3. The act of working or plying; operation; activity, as of a machine, mill, etc.; also, a period of operation, or the amount of work performed in such a period. Of the trial on Oct. 8, Dr. W. says that, during a run of about 21 hours, 70 cells, of about 1,400 pounds of cane apiece, or 49 tons, were diffused, giving from 65 cells 96,140 pounds of juice. Science , VI. 524. The inquiry is admi ible whether sufficient current could not be stored up from the average nightly run of a station with a spare or extra dynamo to feed a day circuit profitably. Sci . Amer ., N. S., LVII. 138. 4. A flowing or pouring, as of a liquid; a current; a flow. This past spring an oil-man.. n... was suffocated in one of these tank-sheds while making a run of oil: viz., running the oil from the receiving-tank to the transportation or pipe-line company's tanks. Science , XII. 172. Already along the curve of Sandag Bay there was a splashing run of sea that I could hear from where I stood. R. L. Stevens on , The Merry Men. 5. Course; progre ; especially, an observed or recorded course; succe ion of occurrences or chances; account: as, the run of events. She hed the in and out o' the Sullivan house, and kind o' kept the run o' how things went and came in it. H. B. Stowe , Oldtown, p. 29. Even if I had had time to follow his fortunes, it was not po ible to keep the run of him. J. W. Palmer, The New and the Old, p. 62. 6. Continuance in circulation, use, observance, or the like; a continued course, occurrence, or operation: as, a run of ill luck; the run of a play or a fashion. Now (shame to Fortune!) an ill run at play Blank'd his bold visage. Pope , Dunciad, i. 113. If the piece ["The Reformed Housebreaker"] has its proper run , I have no doubt but that bolts and bars will be entirely usele by the end of the season. Sheridan , The Critic, i. 1. It is amusing to think over the history of most of the publications which have had a run during the last few years. Macaulay , Montgomery's Poems. 7. A current of opinion; tendency of thought; prejudice. You cannot but have already observed what a violent run there is among too many weak people against university education. Swift , To a Young Clergyman. 8. A general or extraordinary pre ure or demand; specifically, a pre ure on a treasury or a banking-house for payment of its obligations. "Busy just now, Caleb?" asked the Carrier. "Why, pretty well, John. There's rather a run on Noah's Arks at present." Dickens , Cricket on the Hearth, i. When there was a great run on Gottlib's bank in '16, I saw a gentleman come in with bags of gold, and say, "Tell Mr. Gottlib there's plenty more where that come from." It stopped the run, gentleman - it did, indeed. George Eliot , Felix Holt, xx. 9. Naut.: ( a ) The extreme after part of a ship's bottom or of the hold: opposed to entrance. (b) A trough for water that is caught by a coaming, built acro the forecastle of a steamer to prevent the seas rushing aft. The run conducts the water overboard.-10. A small stream of water; a rivulet; a brook. See rinel. Out of the south-est parte of the said mountayne spring eth and descend eth a lytle ryn. MS . Cot. Calig. B. viii. ( Hall i well , under rin .) "Do any of my young men know whither this run will lead us?" A Delaware answered: "Before the sun could go his own length, the little water will be in the big." Cooper, Last of Mohicans, xxxii. 11. In base - ball, the feat of running around all the bases without being put out. See base ball. An earned run is one that is made without the a istance of fielding errors-that is, in spite of the most perfect playing of the opponents. The Century , XXXVIII. 835. 12. In cricket, one complete act of running from one wicket to the other by both the batsmen without either being put out. See cricket. -13. Power of running; strength for running. They have too little run left in themselves to pull up for their own brothers. T. Hughes , Tom Brown at Rugby, i. 7. 14. The privilege of going through or over; hence, free acce , as to a place from which others are excluded; freedom of use or enjoyment. There is a great Peer in our neighborhood, who gives me the run of his library while he is in town. Sydney Smith, To Francis Jeffrey. 5272 The contractor for the working of the railway was pleased to agree that I should have the " run of the shops." The Enquirer , LXIX. 387. 15. That in or upon which anything runs or may run; especially, a place where animals may or do run, range, or move about. Compare runway. Specifically-(a) A stretch or range of pasturage, open or fenced, where cattle or sheep graze. A wool-grower... could not safely venture on more than 9,000 sheep; for he might have his run swept by a fire any January night, and be forced to hurry his sheep down to the boiling-house. H. Kingsley, Hillyars and Burtons, lix. If the country at the far end of the run is well gra ed it will be occupied by a flock of sheep or two. 4. C. Grant , Bush Life in Queensland, I. 61. (b) An extensive underground burrow, as of a mole or gopher. The mole has made his run , The hedgehog underneath the plantain bores. Tennyson , Aylmer's Field. (c) The play-house of a bower-bird. See cut under bower bird. (d) A series of planks laid down as a surface for rollers in moving heavy objects, or as a track for wheelbarrows. (e) The at., an incline; a sloping platform representing a road, etc. 16. A pair of millstones. Every plantation, however, had a run of stone, propelled by mule power, to grind corn for the owners and their U. S. Grant, Personal Memoirs, II. 493. slaves. 17. In music, a rapid succe ion of consecutive tones constituting a single melodic figure; a division or roulade. In vocal music a run is properly sung to a single syllable.-18. In mining: ( a ) The horizontal distance to which a level can be carried, either from the nature of the formation or in accordance with agree ment with the proprietor. (b) The direction of a vein. (c) A failure caused by loosene , weakne , slipping, sliding, giving way, or the like; a fault. The working has been executed in the most irregular manner, and has opened up enormous excavations; whence disastrous runs have taken place in the mines. Ure, Dict., III. 294. 19. Character; peculiarities; lie. Each was entirely of the opinion that he knew the run of the country better than his neighbours. The Field, LXVII. 91. 20. The quantity run or produced at one time, as in various mechanical operations. Where large quantities [of varnish] are required, it will always be found best to boil off the three runs in the boiling pot. Workshop Receipts , 1st ser., p. 65. Woollen yarns are weighed in lengths or runs of 1600 yards. A. Larlow , Weaving, p. 330. 21. ( a ) A herd; a number of animals moving together, as a school of fish. ( b ) The action of such a school; especially, the general movement of anadromous fish up-stream or in-shore from deep water. Sportsman's Gazetteer . - 22. A straight net, running out at right angles to the shore, and connecting with an inner pound; a leader. See cut under pound - net. 23. In physics , the value of a mean division of a circle or scale in revolutions of a micrometer-scale, divisions of a level, etc. When a microscope with a micrometer is employed to read a circle or linear scale, it is convenient to have a certain whole number of revolutions equal to a mean division of the circle or scale, and the amount by which the division exceeds or falls short of that whole number of revolutions, expre ed in circular or linear measure, is called the error of runs , or, loosely, the run . It is taken as positive when the circle or scale-division is greater than the intended whole number of turns. By the run, suddenly; quickly; all at once; especially, by a continuous movement: said of a fall, descent, and the like: as, the wall came down by the run. Earned run. See quotation under def. 11, above. - Home run, in base - ball , a continuous circuit of the bases made by a batsman as a consequence of a hit, and not due to any fielding errors of the opponents. -In or at the long run, after a long course of experi ence; at length; as the ultimate result of long trial. I might have caught him [a trout] at the long - run , for so I use always to do when I meet with an overgrown fish. I. Walton , Complete Angler, p. 115. I am sure always, in the long run , to be brought over to her way of thinking. Lamb , Mackery End. Often it is seen that great changes which in the long - run turn to the good of the community bring suffering and grievous lo on their way to many an individual. Shairp , Culture and Religion, p. 129. Run to clear, in lumber - manuf., the proportion of clear sawed lumber in the output of a plant, or in the lumber product of a quantity of logs when sawed: opposed to run to culls, which is the proportion of culls or defective pieces. - Strawberry run, a run of fish in the season of the year when strawberries are ripe. Compare dande lion fleet, ve els sailing when dandelions are in bloom. [Local, U. S.] - The common run (or, simply, the run), that which pa es under observation as most usual or common; the generality. In the common run of mankind, for one that is wise and good you find ten of a contrary character. Add is on, Spectator, No. 287. To get the run upon, to turn the joke upon; turn into ridicule. [U. S.] runaway run (run), p. a. [Pp. of run1, v.] 1. Liquefied; melted: as, run butter. See butter1. [Colloq.] -2. Smuggled ashore or landed secretly; cortraband: as, run brandy; a run cargo. [Colloq.] She boasted of her feats in diving into dark dens in search of run goods, char in ing things-French warranted that could be had for next to nothing. Mi Edge worth , Helen, xxv. ( Daries .) 3. Having migrated or made a run, as a fish; having come up from the sea. Compare run fish. Your fish is strong and active, fresh run , as full soon you see. Quarterly Rev., CXXVI. 341. run2, n. See runn . runabout (run'a-bout"), n . 1. A gadabout; a vagabond. A runne - about , a skipping French-man. Marston , What you Will, iii. 1. 2. Any light open wagon for ready and handy use. runagate (run'a-gāt), a. and n. [Formerly also runnagate; a corruption of E. renegade ( To this Mahomet succeeded his sonne called Amurathes. He ordeyned first the I an is sar yes, runnagate Christians, to defend his person. Guevara , Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 331. He [William Tyndale, the translator of the Scriptures] was a runagate friar living in foreign parts, and seems to have been a man of severe temper and unfortunate life. R. W. Dixon , Hist. Church of Eng., i. 2. Wandering about; vagabond. Where they dare not with their owne forces to inuade, they basely entertaine the trait ours and vacabonds of all Nations; seeking by those and by their runnagate Jesuits to winne parts. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. ii. 174. II. n. 1. A renegade; an apostate; hence, more broadly, one who deserts any cause; a turncoat. He... letteth the runagates continue in scarcene , Book of Common Prayer , Psalter, P's. lxviii. 6. Traitor, no king, that seeks thy country's sack, The famous runagate of Christen dom! Peele, Edward I. Hence, hence, ye slave! di emble not thy state, But henceforth be a turncoat, runagate . Marston , Satires, i. 122. 2. One who runs away; a fugitive; a run away. Dido I am, unle I be deceiv'd. And must I rave thus for a runagate ? Must I make ships for him to sail away? Marlowe and Nash , Dido, Queen of Carthage, v. 1. 205. Thus chaind in wretched servitude doth live A runagate , and English fugitive. Times' Whistle (E. E. T. S.), p. 52. 3. A runabout; a vagabond; a wanderer. He now cursed Cain from the earth, to be a runagate and wanderer thereon. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 33. A vagabond and straggling runnagate ;... That vagrant exile, that vile bloody Cain. Drayton, Queen Isabel to Rich. IL. runaway (run'a-wa"), n . and a . [ run + away .] I. n. 1. One who flees or departs; a fugitive; a deserter. Thou runaway , thou coward, art thou fled? Shak., M. N. D., iii. 2. 405. My son was born a freeman; this, a slave To beastly pa ions, a fugitive And run - away from virtue. Fletcher ( and another ), Queen of Corinth, v. 2. The night hath plaid the swift-foot runne - away . Heywood , Fair Maid of the Exchange (Works, II. 21). 2. A running away, as by a horse when breaking away from control and bolting. If the driver is standing against one of the ultra-sloping driving cushions, a runaway will be found impo ible. New York Tribune , May 11, 1800. 3. One who runs in the public ways; one who roves or rambles about. Spread thy close curtain, love-performing night, That runaways ' eyes may wink, and Romeo Leap to these arms untalk'd of and unseen. Shak ., R. and J., iii. 2. 6. II. a. 1. Acting the part of a runaway; escaping or breaking from control; defying or overcoming restraint: as, a runaway horse. Shakspeare was a runaway youth,. who obtained his living in London by holding horses at the door of the theatre for those who went to the play. E. Everett, Orations, L. $12. 2. Accomplished or effected by running away or eloping. We are told that Mi Michell's guardian would not consent to his ward's marriage [with By he Shelley), that it was a runaway match, and that the wedding was cele brated in London by the parson of the Fleet. E. Dowden, Shelley, L. 3. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia IMG:content-2615.png:[blocks in formation] Runcina (run-si'nä), n. [NL., Runcina , a rural godde presiding over weeding, run- care , weed: see run cation .] The typical genus of Runcinidæ . Pelta is a synonym. runcinate (run'si-nāt), a . [= F. ronciné , runcinatus , runcina , a plane, = Gr. ῥυκάνη , a plane. Cf. rugine .] In bot ., irregularly saw-toothed or pin- nately incised, with the lobes or teeth hooked backward: said chiefly of leaves, as those of the dandelion. Runcinidæ (run-sin'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Runcina + -idæ .] Afam- ily of not a spide an nudibranchiate gastropods, typified by the genus Runcina . They have a distinct mantle, no tentacles, three or four branchial leaf- lets, and triserial lingual teeth. They of Taraxacum of- mostly inhabit the European seas. See rounceval . A dialectal form of rand1 . ficinale (dande- lion). runcivalt, n. rund (rund), n . rundale (runʼdāl), n . A system of land-hold- ing, in which single holdings consisted of de- tached pieces. Runrig (which see) was a form of rundale. Of wine and oyl the rundlet holdeth 18 gallons. Recorde, Grounde of Artes. called rūnstæf (= Icel. rūnastafr ), a letter, rûn , mystery, + stæf , staff; cf. bōcstæf , a let- ter: see book ), = Icel. rūne = Sw . run a = Dan. rune , a let- ter, rune (applied to the old Northern alphabet, and some- times to the Latin), = OHG. run a , a secret, counsel, MHG. rune , a whisper, = Goth. rūna , a secret, mystery, counsel. Cf. Ir. Gael. rūn , a secret, mystery, craft, deceit, pur- pose, intention, desire, love, etc., = W. rhin , a secret, charm, virtue. The E. form IMG:content-2616.png:[blocks in formation] Sw. vränga , Dan. vrange , twist, and with E. wring ( pp.wrung ).] 1. A rod or bar; a heavy staff; hence, a cudgel; a club. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Than up scho gat ane mekle rung , And the gudman maid to the doir. Till slap come in an unco loon An wi' a rung decide it. Specifically-2. A round or step of a ladder. Thanne fondeth the Fende my fruit to destruye, And leith a laddre there-to, of lesynges aren the ronges , And feccheth away my floures sumtyme afor bot he myn eyhen. Piers Plowman (B), xvi. 44. His owene hande made laddres three To clymber by the ronges [var. renges ] and the stalkes, Into the tubbes, hangynge in the balkes. Chaucer , Miller's Tale, 1. 439. There have been brilliant instances of persons stepping at once on to the higher rungs of the ladder [of succe ] Bryce , American Commonwealth, II. 76. IMG:content-2617.png:[ocr errors] IMG:content-2618.png:[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small] IMG:content-2619.png:[merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors] IMG:content-2620.png:[ocr errors] to be derived Runes.- Runic alphabet, from MSS. at Frie- sengen and St. Gallen (9th century). Odhinn taught mankind the great art of runes , which means both writing and magic, and many other arts of life. Keary, Prim. Belief, vii. 337. 2. A short mystic sentence embodying the wisdom of the old Northern philosophers. Of the Troll of the Church they sing the rune By the Northern Sea in the harvest moon. Whittier, Kallundborg Church. 3. A secret; mystery; obscure saying. For wise he was, and many curious arts, Postures of runes , and healing herbs be knew. 4. Early rimes or poetry expre ed, or which might be expre ed, in runic characters.-5. Any song, poem, verse, or the like, which is mystically or obscurely expre ed. For Nature beats in perfect tune, And rounds with rhyme her every rune . rune2t, n. An obsolete variant of rine1 , run1 . runecraft (rön'kraft), n. Knowledge of runes; skill in deciphering runic characters. Modern Swedish runecraft largely depends upon his [Dybeck's] many and valuable publications. Will be reward enough; to wear like those That hang their richest jewels in their nose, Like a rung bear or swine. IMG:content-2621.png:[blocks in formation] In pity and mournful awe might stand Before some fallen Runic stone- No one has workt with more zeal than Richard Dybeck of Stockholm; no one has publisht half so many Runic stones, mostly in excellent copies, as that energetic rune- smith . Archæologia , XLIII. 98. rune-stone (rön'stōn), n . A stone having runic inscriptions. run-fish (run'fish), n . A salmon on its way to the sea after spawning. Sir J. Richardson . rung1 (rung), n . [Formerly also reng ; hrung , a rod or bar (found only once, with ref. to a wagon), = MD. ronge , rong he, the beam of a plow or of a wagon, D. rong , a rundle, = MLG. LG. runge = OHG. rung a , MHG. G. runge , a short thick piece of iron or wood, a pin, bolt, = Icel. röng , a rib of a ship, = Goth. hrugga , a staff; cf. Ir. rong a , a rung, joining spar, = Gael. rong , a joining spar, rib of a boat, staff (perhaps rangr , vrängr , pl. vränger , sides of a ves- sel (> F. varangue , Sp. varenga , sides of a ves- sel), seems to be of diff. origin, connected with runkle (rungʻkl), v . t . or i .; pret. and pp. run- kled , ppr. runkling . [ rounclen ; a form of wrunkle , var. of wrinkle : see wrunkle , wrinkle . The w is lost as in root2 .] To wrinkle; crease. [Obsolete or prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Than waxes his gast seke and sare, And his face rouncles , ay mare & mare. Specimens of Early English (ed. Morris and Skeat), [II. x. 773. Gin ye'll go there, yon runkl'd pair, We will get famous laugh in' At them this day. And the runlet that murmurs away [seems] To wind with a murmur of wo. Lowell , Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 255. Tennyson , Mariana in the South. runlet2, n . See rundlet . run-man (run'man), n . A runaway or deserter from a ship of war. [Eng.] runn (run), n . [Also run , ran , rann ; Hind.rān , a waste tract, a wood, forest.] In India, a tract of sand-flat or salt-bog, which is often covered runn by the tides or by land floods: as, the Runn of Cutch. runnel (run'el), n . [Also dial. rundle , rundel , rindle , rindel ; runel , rinel , a streamlet, rynel , a running stream (cf. rynel , a runner, me enger, courier), dim. of ryne , a stream, rinnan , run: see run and rines .] A rivulet or small brook. The Rinels of red blode ran doun his chekes.