War," and "Life and Death of Mr

Badman. N., long. 22° 10' E., destroyed by an earthquake in 373 в. с. It joined the Achæan League 275 в. с. Burano (bö-rä'no). A town on an island in the Venetian lagoon, 5 miles northeast of Venice. Burbage (ber'bāj), James. Died in 1597. An English actor, and the first builder of a theater in England: father of Richard Burbage. He was originally a joiner. In 1576-77 he erected the first building specially intended for plays. It was "between Finsbury Fields and the public road from Bishops gate and Shore ditch." It was of wood, and was called "The Theatre." The material was removed to the Bankside in 1598 and was rebuilt as the Globe Theatre. The Curtain was and Burbage was instrumental in the conversion of a large put up near The Theatre soon after the latter was opened, house at Black friars into Black friars Theatre about Nov., 1596. Burbage, Richard. Born in 1567 (?): died in 1619. A noted English actor, son of James Burbage (died 1597). He made his fame at the Black friars and the Globe of which, with his brother and sister, he was proprietor, and played the greatest parts in all the best plays produced at the time. Shakspere was a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Company, playing at Black friars at this time, and had some part in the profit of the house, as also a little later in the Globe; but Burbage apparently had the lion's share. There is no authentic account of any intimacy with Shakspere till after 1594. Burbage seems to have been the original Hamlet, Lear, and Othello. He excelled in tragedy, and was held in the very highest esteem by authors and public: he was even sometimes introduced into plays in his own proper person. Many poems and tributes were written in his mem ory. Besides his fame as an actor he was known as a painter. In 1613 the Globe Theatre burned down, and he narrowly escaped with his life. Burbon (ber'bon). A knight, intended for Henri IV. of France, in Spenser's "Faerie Queene." He is a ailed by a mob, but escapes and also rescues his mistre . Burchard (ber'chärd), Samuel Dick in son. Born at Steuben, N.Y., Sept. 6, 1812: died at Saratoga, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1891. An American Presbyterian clergyman. He was pastor of the Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Church, New York city, 1839-79, and of the Murray Hill Presbyterian Church 1880-85. He gained notoriety in the presidential canva of 1884 by an alliterative expre ion used in a speech on Oct. 29, when, with a large company of clergymen, he made a call on James G. Blaine, the Republican candidate for the presidency, at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. It occurs in the sentence, "We are Republicans, and don't propose to leave our party and identify ourselves with the party whose antecedents have been rum , Romanism , and rebellion ," and was made the most of in Roman Catholic circles by the Democratic managers. Burchell (ber'chel,, Mr. The name under which Sir William Thorn hill, a character in Goldsmith's novel "The Vicar of Wake field," dispenses joys and sorrows as a being from another sphere. He was noted for his habit of crying out "fudge" if anything displeased him. Burckhardt (börk'härt), Johann Karl. Born at Leipsic, April 30, 1773: died at Paris, June 22, 1825. A German astronomer, in charge of the observatory of the École Militaire in Paris 1807-25. He published lunar tables (1812), etc. Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig. Born at Lausanne, Switzerland, Nov. 24, 1784: died at Cairo, Egypt, Oct. 17, 1817. A noted Swi traveler. He visited the Orient, Egypt, and Nubia, 18101817; wrote "Travels in Nubia" (1819), account of his travels in Syria and the Holy Land (1822), in Arabia (1829), "Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys" (1830), "Arabic Proverbs" (1831), etc. Burdach (bör'däch), Karl Fried rich. Born at Leipsic, June 12, 1776: died at Königsberg, Pru ia, July 16, 1847. A German physiologist, profe or of anatomy and physiology at Dorpat Burgh, Hubert de (1811), and later (1814) at Königsberg. He wrote "Vom Bau und Leben des Gehirns und Rückenmarks" (1819-25), "Die Physio logie als Erf ah rung swi ens chaft" (1826-40), etc. Burdekin (bėr'de-kin). A river in Queensland, Australia, which flows into Upstart Bay, Pacific Ocean, in lat. 19° 40′ S., long. 147° 30′ E. Length, about 350 miles. Burden (ber'den), Henry. Born at Dunblane, Scotland, April 20, 1791: died at Troy, N. Y., Jan. 19, 1871. A Scotch-American inventor. His inventions include a cultivator (1820), the hook-headed railway-spike (1840), a machine for making horseshoes (1857), etc. Burder (ber'der), George. Born at London, June 5, 1752: died at London, May 29, 1832. An English clergyman of the Independent denomination, author of "Village Sermons” (1799-1812). Burdett (ber-det'), Sir Francis. Born Jan. 25, 1770: died at London, Jan. 23, 1844. An Eng lish politician, of Parliament for Westminster 1807-37. He published (1810) in Cobbett's "Register" a speech denying the right of the Commons to imprison delinquents, and, his arrest being ordered, barricaded his house, and was taken only after four days resistance. Burdett-Coutts (ber-det'köts'), Angela Georgina, Barone . Born April 25, 1814. An English philanthropist, daughter of Sir Francis Burdett, raised to the peerage in 1871. She married Mr. Ashmead-Bartlett, an American, in 1881. Coutts was her mother's name. Burdette (ber-det'), Robert Jones. Born at Greens borough, Pa., July 30, 1844. An American journalist and humorist, formerly editor of the Burlington, Iowa, "Hawkeye." Burdigala (ber-dig'a-lä). The ancient name of Bordeaux. Burdwan (burd-wän'), or Bardwan (bardwän'). 1. A division of Bengal, British India. Area, 13,855 square miles. Population, 7,393,954.-2. A district in that division. Area, 2,697 square miles. Population (1891), 1,391,880. — 3. The chief town of that district, 56 miles. northwest of Calcutta. Population (1891), 34,477. Burford (ber'ford). A town in Oxfords hire, England, 16 miles west-northwest of Oxford. Near by, în 754, Cuthred, king of We ex, defeated Æthelbald, king of Mercia. Burg (börg). A town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated on the Ihle 14 miles northeast of Magdeburg. It is noted for its cloth manufactures, built up by French Protestant exiles. Population (1890), commune, 17,572. Burgdorf (börg'dorf), F. Berthoud (ber-tö'). A town in the canton of Bern, Switzerland, situated on the Emme 12 miles northeast of Bern. It was the seat of Pestalozzi's school 1800-1804. Population (1888), 6,875. Bürger (bürg'er), Gottfried August. Born at Molmerswende, near Harzgerode, Germany, 1747: died at Göttingen, 1794. A noted German poet. His father was a clergyman at Molmerswende. He studied law at Göttingen. Afterward he was an official at Alt glei chen, later docent and subsequently profe or at the University of Göttingen. His life, in part, the result of his own indiscretions, was unhappy and at times even miserable. He was the author of numerous ballads, songs, and sonnets. Foremost among his poems is the ballad "Lenore," which originally appeared in the Göttingen "Musenalmanach" (1774). He also wrote the ballads "Das Lied vom braven Mann" ("The Song of the Brave Man," 1776), "Der Kaiser und der Abt" ("The Emperor and the Abbot," 1785), "Der wilde Jäger" ("The Wild Huntsman," 1786). He was the most important poet of the so called Göttinger Dichterbund, or "poetical brotherhood." His collected works, "Sämmtliche Schriften," appeared in 4 volumes (Göttingen, 1796-98). Burge (ber'jes), Edward. Born at West Sandwich, Ma ., June 30, 1848: died at Boston, Ma ., July 12, 1891. A noted American designer of yachts. He established himself as a naval architect and yacht-broker in Boston in 1883, and was the designer of the sloop Puritan which defeated the English cutter Genesta in the races for the America's cup in 1885, of the Mayflower which defeated the English Galatea in Thistle in 1887. 1886nd of the Volunteer which defeated the English Burge , Thomas. Born at Odiham, Hampshire, England, Nov. 18, 1756: died at Salisbury, England, Feb. 19, 1837. An English clergyman, bishop of St. David's and later of Salisbury. He wrote "Considerations on the Abolition of Slavery" (1789), etc. Burgh (börg or berg), Hubert de. Died at Ban stead, Surrey, England, May 12, 1243. An English statesman. He was appointed chamberlain to the king about 1201, in which year he was placed at the head of a body of knights to guard the Welsh march. On the authority of Ralph of Coggeshall, who has been followed by Shakspere (King John, iv. 1, 2.), he was castellan of Falaise when Arthur of Britt any was captured at Mirabel in 1202 Burgh (bur'o), James. Born at Madderty, Perth shire, Scotland, 1714: died Aug. 26, 1775. A Scottish miscellaneous writer. He wrote "Britain's Remembrancer” (1745), "Dignity of Human Nature" (1754), etc. of the expedition to New Orleans 1814; chairman of the Board of Public Works in Ireland 1831-45; and inspector general of fortifications in England 1845-68. He was sent to Constantinople to report on the defense of Turkey 1854; conducted the siege of Sebastopol Oct., 1854,-Feb., 1855; was created a baronet 1856; was constable of the Tower of London 1865-71; and became a field-marshal 1868. Author of "Our Defensive Forces" (1868), etc. Burgschmiet (börg's hmēt), Jakob Daniel. Born at Nuremberg, Bavaria, Oct. 11, 1796: died at Nuremberg, March 7, 1858. A noted German sculptor. His chief works statues of Al- brecht Durer Me lanch thon i Nuremberg Beethoven (at Bonn), Charles IV. (at Prague), Luther (at Mohra), etc. Burg-Steinfurt. See Steinfurt . Burgundian (ber-gun'di-an). 1. One of the Bur- gundii or Burg und i ones, a Germanic (Gothic) tribe which settled in Gaul and founded the IMG:content-0286.png:[blocks in formation] kingdom of Burgundy in the 5th century.-2. Burgundy, Duche of. See Mary . A native or an inhabitant of Burgundy, succes- Burgundy, Dukes of. See Charles the Bold, sively a kingdom and a duchy of western John the Fearle , Philip the Bold , Philip the Europe, varying greatly in extent, part of which Good, etc. finally became the province of Burgundy in eastern France. See Burgundy . Burgundian Dynasty (1095-1383). A reigning house of Portugal which referred its origin to Henri, grandson of Robert, first duke of Bur- gundy. Henri was appointed count of Portugal by Al- phon so VI. king of Leon, Castile, and Galicia, in 1094, and was in 1112 succeeded by his son, Affonso I., who erected Portugal into an independent kingdom in 1139. The le- gitimate line of the house of Burgundy became extinct in 1383 with the death of Ferdinand I., and was succeeded in 1385 by an illegitimate branch, the house of Avis. An il- legitimate branch of the latter house, the house of Bra- ganza, acceded to the throne in 1640, and was followed in 1853 by the present reigning house, the house of Braganza- Coburg. The sovereigns of the house of Burgundy were: Henri of Burgundy, 1094-1112; Affonso I., 1112-85; Sancho I., 1185-1211; Affonso II., 1211-23; Sancho II., 1223-48; Affon- so III., 1248-79; Diniz, 1279-1325; Affonso IV., 1325-57; Pe- dro, 1357-67; Ferdinand I., 1367-83. Burgundy (ber'gun-di). [F. Bourgogne , It. Bor- gogna , Sp. Borgoña , G. Burgund , ML. Burgun- dia , from LL. Burgundii , also Burg und i ones , a Germanic tribe. See Burgundian .] A geo- graphical division in western Europe, whose Limits and character have varied greatly. For the principal significations of the name, see the extract. I. The kingdom of Burgundy (regnum Burgundionum), founded A. D. 406, occupying the whole valley of the Saône and lower Rhone from Dijon to the Mediterranean, and including also the western half of Switzerland. It was destroyed by the sons of Clovis in A. D. 534. IV. The kingdom of Trans-Jurane Burgundy (regnum Iurense, Burgundia Transiurensis), founded by Rudolf in A. D. 888, recognized in the same year by the emperor Arnulf, included the northern part of Savoy, and all Swit- zerland between the Reu and the Jura. V. The kingdom of Burgundy or Arles (regnum Burgun. diæ, regnum Arelatense), formed by the union, under Conrad the Pacific, in A. D. 937, of the kingdoms de scribed above as III. and IV. On the death, in 1032, of the last independent king, Rudolf III., it came, partly by bequest, partly by conquest, into the hands of the em per or Conrad II. (the Salic), and thenceforward formed a part of the empire. In the thirteenth century. France began to absorb it, bit by bit, and has now (since the an- nexation of Savoy in 1861) acquired all except the Swi portion. which had belonged to kingdom. It disappears from history after the extinction of the house of Zahrin- gen in the thirteenth century. Legally it was part of the empire till A. D. 1648, though practically independent VII. The Free County or Palatinate of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) (Freigrafschaft) (called also Upper Bur- gundy), to which the name of Cis-Jurane Burgundy origi- nally and properly belonged, lay between the Saône and the Jura. It formed a part of III. and V., and was there. fore a fief of the empire. The French dukes of Bur- gundy were invested with it in A. D. 1384. Its capital, the imperial city of Besançon, was given to Spain in 1651, and by the treaties of Nimwegen, 1678-79, it was ceded IX. The circle of Burgundy (Kreis Burgund), an admin is. trative division of the empire, was established by Charles V. in 1548, and included the Free County of Burgundy (VII.) and the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands, which Charles inherited from his grandmother Mary, daughter of Charles the Bold. James Bryce , Holy Rom. Emp. Appendix, p. 447. X. The Duchy of Burgundy (lower Burgundy), a great French fief held by various Car loving i an and Capetian princes, and ceded by John the Good to his son, Philip the Bold. Its capital was Dijon. Flanders and the County of Burgundy were united to it in 1384. It was ruled by Philip the Bold 1363-1404; by John the Fearle 1404- 1419; by Philip the Good 1419-67; and by Charles the Bold 1467-77. Under the two latter it was greatly extended in Belgium and eastern and central France, and became one of the most powerful monarchies of Europe. On the death of Charles the Bold (1477) the duchy proper pa ed (1479) to France. The other po e ions-Franche-Comté and Low Countries - pa ed by the marriage of Mary (daughter and succe or of Charles the Bold) to the house of Hapsburg. (Compare Maximilian , Charles the Bold .) The government of France. It lay between Champagne on the north, Franche-Comté and Savoy on the east, Dauphiné and Lyonnais on the south, and Bourbonnais, Nivernais, and Orléanais on the west, and corresponded to the de- partments Côte-d'Or, Saône-et-Loire, Ain, and a part of Yonne. The region is famous for its wines. IMG:content-0287.png:[blocks in formation] Burley, John Balfour of Burley (bėr'li), John Balfour of. See Balfour . Burley, Walter. Born in 1274 or 1275: died probably in 1345. An English schoolman, surnamed "The Plain Doctor." He studied first at Oxford, then at Paris, where he became a pupil of Duns Scotus. He was appointed almoner to the Prince Philippa of Hainault about 1327, subsequently tutor to the Black Princertenecame sophical treatises and commentaries on the cla ics, most of which have remained in manuscript. His printed works include "De vita et moribus philosophorum" (probably published at Cologne in 1467), and "Tract at us de materia et form a" (Oxford, 1500). Burling a me (ber'ling-gām), Anson. Born at New Berlin, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1820: died at St. Petersburg, Feb. 23, 1870. An American diplomatist and politician. He was representative to Congre from Ma achusetts 1855-61; amba ador to China 1861-67; and negotiated, as special amba ador from China, treaties with the United States, England, Denmark, Sweden, Holland, and Pru ia. Burlington (ber'ling-ton). See Bridling ton . Burlington. A city (capital of Des Moines County, Iowa) situated on the Mi i ippi River, in lat. 40° 48′ N., long. 91° 10' W. It is an important railway center, and has large and varied manufactures. Population (1900), 23,201. Burlington. A city and port of entry in Vermont, situated on Lake Cham plain in lat. 44° 29′ N., long. 73° 14′ W. It has a large trade in lumber, and is the seat of the University of Vermont. Population (1900), 18,640. Burlington. A city and port of entry in Burlington County, New Jersey, situated on the Delaware River 19 miles northeast of Philadelphia. It was bombarded by the British in 1776. Population (1900), 7,392. Burlington Arcade. A covered pathway between Piccadilly and Burlington Gardens. It has shops on each side for all kinds of small wares. Burlington House, Old. A house standing between Bond street and Sackville street, London. It was built by Richard Boyle, Lord Burlington, 1695-1753. It was purchased for the nation from the Cavendishes for £140,000, including the Gardens, upon which three new edifices have been erected, effacing all the artistic features of the old house. Nearest to Piccadilly, and on the site of the famous gateway and curved colonnade, pulled down in 1868, rises New Burlington House (1872), containing rooms for the meetings management of learned societies-the Royal, Geological, and Chemical east of the entrance; the Antiquarian, Astronomical, and Linnean on the west of it. Old Burlington House itself was in 1868 handed over to the Royal Academy. Murray , Handbook of London, p. 58. Burma, or Burmah (ber'mä). A former kingdom in southeastern Asia, now a part of the British empire and a chief commi ionership. It is divided into Lower Burma (the former British Bur. ma) and Upper Burma (the recently annexed kingdom). It is bounded by A am and China on the north, China, the Shan States, and Siam on the east, the Bay of Bengal on the west, and India on the northwest. It is hilly and moun tainous, and is rich in minerals. Its exports are rice, teak, etc. The subdivisions of Lower Burma are Arakan, Pegu, and Tena erim. Buddhism is the prevailing religion, the kingdom having been a Buddhist monarchy from the middle ages. Lower Burma was conquered by the British 1824-26 and in 1852, and Upper Burma was annexed in 1886, in consequence of the misgovernment of the last king, Thebaw (dethroned 1885). Total area, 171,430square miles: of Upper Burma, 83,473 square miles; of Lower Burma, 87,957 square miles. Total population (1891), 7,605,560: of Upper Burma, 2,946,933; of Lower Burma, 4,658,627. Burma, British. See Burma . Burma, Lower. That part of Burma formerly called British Burma . Burma, Upper. That part of Burma which was independent down to 1886. Bur meister (bör'mis-tėr), Hermann. Born at school. From 1857 to 1858 he was a ociated with Ro etti, Morris, and others in painting the Arthur i an legends at Oxford. In 1861 he was one of the originators of the house of Morris and Company, and he made many designs for decorative work. He was an a ociate of the Royal Academy 1885-93. In 1894 he was made a baronet. Burnes (bèrnz), Sir Alexander. Born at Montrose, Scotland, May 16, 1805: killed at Kabul, Afghanistan, Nov. 2, 1841. A British geographer, and traveler in central Asia. Burnet (ber'net), Gilbert. Born at Edinburgh, Sept. 18, 1643: died at London, March 17, 1715. A British prelate, historian, and theologian. He accompanied William III. from Holbishop of Salisbury in 1689. His chief works are a "His land to England in 1688 as his chaplain, and was made tory of the Reformation of the Church of England" (1679, 1681, 1715), "A History of his own Time" (edited by his son, 1723, 1734), "Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles" (1699). Burnet, Thomas. Born at Croft, Yorkshire, England, about 1635: died at London, Sept. 27, 1715. An English author. He became fellow of Christ's College in 1657, and master of the Charter house in 1685. He is noted chiefly as the author of "Telluris The or i a Sacra," etc. (1681), remarkable for its vivid imagery and pure Latinity, in which he attempts to prove that the earth originally resembled an egg, that at the deluge the shell was crushed and the waters rushed out, and that the equator was diverted from its original coincidence with the ecliptic. Dict. Nat. Biog. Burnett (ber-net'), Mrs. (Frances Hodgson). Born at Manchester, England, Nov. 24, 1849. An English-American novelist. She has written "That La o Lowrie's" (1876), "Haworth's" (1878), "Lonisiana" (1880), "A Fair Barbarian" (1881), “Through One Administration" (1882), "Little Lord Fauntleroy" (1886), "The One I knew best of All" (1893), " A Lady of Quality (1896), etc. She married Stephen Townesend in 1900. the fragments of the shell formed the mountains Burnett (ber'net), James, Lord Monboddo. Born at Monboddo, Kin car dines hire, in Oct. or Nov., 1714: died at Edinburgh, May 26, 1799. A Scottish judge. He became sheriff of Kin car dines hire in 1764, and in 1767 became an ordinary lord of se ion, on which occasion he a umed the title of Lord Monboddo. Author of "Of the Origin and Progre of Language" (1773-92), and "Ancient Metaphysics" (1779-99). Burnett Prizes. Prizes awarded every forty years, in accordance with the will of Mr. Burnett, a Scottish gentleman (1729-84), for the best e ays on the Christian evidences. Lectureships now take the place of the e ays. Burney (ber'ni), Charles. Born at Shrews bury, England, April 7, 1726: died at Chelsea, near London, April 12, 1814. An English composer and historian of music. He was the father of Madame d'Arblay. He wrote a "History of Music" (1776-89), etc, Burney, Charles. Born at Lynn, Norfolk, England, Dec. 4, 1757: died at Deptford, Dec. 28, 1817. An English cla ical scholar, son of Charles Burney. He is noted chiefly as the collector of the Burney Library, which was purchased by Parliament for £13,500 and deposited in the British Museum. Burney, Frances. See Arblay , Madame d ' . Burney, James. Born 1750: died Nov. 17, 1821. An English naval officer and author. He entered the navy in 1764, attained the rank of captain, and served in America and India. He was with Cook on his third voyage, 1776-79. After 1784 he retired on half pay and devoted himself to literature. His principal works are "A Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean" (5 vols. 4to, 1803-17), "History of the Buccaneers of America" (1816), and "A Chronological History of North Eastern Voyages of Discovery" (1816). Burnley (bern'lē). A manufacturing town in Lancashire, England, situated on the river Burn 21 miles north of Manchester. Population (1901), 97,044. at