Maximilian I

Born at Land shut, Bavaria, man Empire), in return for which he received in the electoral vote forfeited by Frederick, and in 1628 was invested with the Upper Palatinate. Maximilian II. Maria Emanuel. Born July 11, 1662: died Feb. 26, 1726. Elector of Bavaria 1679-1726. He was allied with the French in the War of the Spanish Succe ion. Maximilian I. Joseph. Born at Schwetzingen, Baden, May 27, 1756: died at the castle of Nymphenburg, near Munich, Oct. 13, 1825. King of Bavaria 1806-25. He became elector of Bavaria in 1799. In 1805 he sided with France against the allied powers, with the result that he acquired considerable territory at the peace of Presburg, Dec. 26, 1805. In accordance with the same treaty, he a umed the title of king in 1806. Maximilian II. Joseph. Born Nov. 28, 1811: died at Munich, March 10, 1864. King of Bavaria 1848-64, son of Louis I. He was a liberal patron of art and literature. Maximilian (Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph), Sp. Max i milia no (mäk-sē-mē-lē-äʼnō). Born at Vienna, July 6, 1832: shot at Querétaro, Mexico, June 19, 1867. Archduke of Austria, and emperor of Mexico from 1864. He was the second son of the Archduke Francis Charles, and brother of Fran cis Joseph who became emperor of Austria in 1848. Trained for the navy, he was placed at its head in 1854. On July 27, 1857, he married Prince Charlotte of Belgium (see Charlotte ), and during the succeeding two years was viceroy of the Lombard-Venetian kingdom. After the French had conquered Mexico in part, an a embly of notables, called under French influence, and formed almost entirely of opponents of Juarez, adopted an imperial form of government for that country (July, 1863), and offered the throne to Maximilian. He formally accepted on April 10, 18643 reached Vera Cruz May 28, and Mexico June 12; and was received with great apparent enthusiasm. Aided by the French, his forces drove Juarez over the northern frontier, and on Oct. 3, 1865, he decreed that those taken in arms against the empire should be treated as bandits. This decree was loudly condemned, and did much to weaken the emperor's personal popularity. The United States government had refused to recognize the empire, and on its urgent demand (note of Feb. 12, 1866) the French troops were withdrawn, contrary to the expre stipulation which Napoleon III. had made with Maximilian. The latter at first resolved to resign, but was induced to remain; took personal command of his army at Querétaro, Feb., 1867; was besieged by a republican army in March; and was forced to surrender May 15. Condemned to death by a court martial, he was refused mercy on the ground of his severe edict against the Juarists, and was shot with his generals Miramon and Mejía. Maximilian Alexander Philipp, Prince of Neuwied. See Neuwied . Maximilian Joseph. Born at Bamberg, Bava- ria, Dec. 4, 1808: died at Munich, Nov. 15, 1888. Duke in Bavaria. He wrote "Wanderung nach dem Orient, etc." (1839), and a number of novels and dramas. He used the pseudonym Phantasus. Maximin. See Maximin us . Maximin us (mak-si-minus), or Maximin (mak'si-min), Caius Julius Verus, surnamed Thrax ('the Thracian'). Killed near Aquileia, Italy, May, 238. Roman emperor 235-238. He was a Thracian of extraordinary size and strength, who was elevated by the soldiers on the Rhine on the murder of Alexander Severus. His cruelty and exactions caused a revolt under Gordianus in He was killed by his own soldiers. Maximin us, or Maximin, Galerius Valerius. Born in Illyria: died at Tarsus, Asia Minor, 313. Roman emperor 308-313, nephew of Galerius. He became Cæsar in 305, and August us in 308; was defeated by Licinius in 313; and perished in the flight. Maximus (mak'si-mus), Saint. Born about 580: died in Lazica, Aug. 13, 662. An eastern theologian, noted as an opponent of the Monothelites. Maximus. See Petronius Maximus and Pupie nus Maximus . Maximus, Magnus. Born in Spain: executed at Aquileia, Italy, 388 A. D. Roman emperor 383-388. He headed an insurrection of the legions stationed in Britain in 383, and, cro ing over into Gaul, defeated Gratian, who was killed in the flight. He was afterward recognized by Theodosius and Val ent in i an II. as August us in Gaul, Spain, and Britain. He conquered Italy from Val ent in i an in 387, but was defeated and put to death by Theodosius in 388. Maximus, Valerius. See Valerius Maximus . Maximus Tyrannus (ti-ran'us). Killed at Ravenna, Italy, 422. Roman emperor 409-411. He was elevated by the rebel Gerontius about 409, but was defeated and deposed by Const an tine, emperor in Britain, Gaul, and Spain, in 411. He afterward raised an unsucce ful insurrection in Spain. Max O'Rell. The pseudonym of Paul Blouet. Maxwell (maks'wel), James. Born 1581: died about 1640. A Scottish man of letters. Maxwell, James Clerk-. See Clerk - Maxwell . Maxwell, William Hamilton Maxwell, William Hamilton. Born at Newry, County Down, Ireland, 1792: died at Mu el burgh, near Edinburgh, Dec. 29, 1850. An Irish novelist. He entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1807, and in 1812 was made captain in an infantry regiment, and served in the Peninsular war and at Waterloo. He took holy orders and was made rector of Ballagh in Conne mar a. His best-known works are "O'Hara, or 1798," a novel (1825), "Sports of the West, etc." (1832), "Stories of Waterloo" (1834), and a "Life of the Duke of Wellington" (1839-41). He edited the military and naval almanac for 1840. Maxwell, Sir William Stirling-. See Stirling Maxwell . Maxyes (maks'i-ēz). [Gr. Máξves .] In ancient geography, a Libyan tribe. About the Mashuash [of the Egyptian inscriptions] there in the modern Tunisia, of whom we are told that they left a long lock of hair on the right side of the head and painted their bodies red. We learn from the Egyptian texts that while the Lebu were circumcised, the Mashuash were not. The lock of hair which characterises them on dispute. They are the Maxyes of Herodotos (iv. the Egyptian monuments is also wanting in the case of the Lebu. But, like the Lebu, they have a good deal of hair on the face, the eyebrows are well defined, and the nose is straight and leptorrhine. The forehead is high, the lips thin, and the jaws orthognathous. vived in translations, but the original pictographs have baffled modern research. The records and traditions appear to show that the Maya races were formerly united and very powerful; back of that they go vaguely to a remote period, po ibly to the beginning of the Christian era, and speak of a migration from the north. Many writers believe that this connects them with the ancient Toltecs, said to have occupied the highlands of Mexico. Bra eur de Bourbourg and others have formed ingenious theories on Maya history, which have not been generally accepted. Maybole (mā bōl). A town in Ayrshire, Scotland, 39 miles south-southwest of Glasgow. Population (1891), 5,467. land, May-day (ma'da). The first day of May: a day on which the opening of the season flowers and fruit was formerly celebrated throughout Europe: it is still marked in some places by various festive observances. The chief features of the celebration in Great Britain (where, however, it has nearly disappeared) are the gathering of hawthorn-blo oms and other flowers, the crowning of the May-queen, dancing round the May-pole, etc. May Day. A comedy by Chapman, acted in 1601, printed in 1611. It is thought to be founded on a play same name acted in 1595. A play also with same name was produced in 1775, and attributed to Gar mer . May, Thomas. Born 1595: died Nov. 13, 1650. An English poet and prose-writer. He graduated at Cambridge (Sidney Su ex College) in 1612, and entered Gray's Inn in 1615. He turned to the stage, and in 1620 produced "The Heir," a comedy. May published several plays, translations from the cla ics, a "Continuation of Lucan" (1630) in English and Latin, etc. He sided with the Parliament against the king in the civil war, and in 1647 published a "History of the Long Parliament" (his most important work). May Sir Thomas Erskine, Lord Farnborough. Born at London, Feb. 8, 1815: died at Westminster Palace, May 17, 1886. An English jurist. He was educated at Bedford Grammar School; was appointed in 1831 a istant librarian of the House of Commons; and was called to the bar in 1838. He published "A Practical Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings, and Usage of Parliament" (1844). After 1871 he was clerk of the House of Commons. In 1854 his "Rules, Orders, and Forms of Procedure of the House of Commons" was printed by order of Parliament. His other works are "The Constitutional History of England since the Acce ion of George III." (1861), "Democracy in Europe" (1877), etc. He was made Baron Farnborough in 1886. Mayaguez (mi-ä-gwath'). A seaport in Porto Rico, West Indies, situated in lat. 18° 14′ N., long. 67° 12′ W. Population, about 22,000. Mayapan (mi-yä-pän'). A ruined city of Yucatan, situated in a plain 20 miles south of Merida. According to tradition it was founded by Maya Indians about 1150; was long their principal city and capital; and was destroyed or abandoned during civil wars about 1420. The remains include great quantities of sculptured stones, and several pyramids, one well preserved. Mayapan gave its name to a district. Mayen (mi'en). Atown in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Nette 17 miles west of Coblenz. Population (1890), 9,449. Mayence. See Mainz. Mayenne (mi-en' or mä-yen'). A river in northwestern France which unites near Angers with the Sarthe to form the Maine. Length, 127 miles; navigable from Laval. Mayenne. 1. A department of northwestern France, capital Laval, formed from parts of the ancient Maine and Anjou. It is bounded by Manche east and Orne on the north, Sarthe on the east, Maine-et-Loire on the south, and Ille-et-Vilaine on the west. It has important agricultural and mineral resources. Area, 1,996 square miles. Population (1891), 332,387. 2. A town in the department of Mayenne, France, on the Mayenne 17 miles north by east of Laval. It has flourishing cloth manufactures, and contains a castle and a church of Notre Dame. Formerly it was the seat of a marquisate and duchy. Population Mayer (ma'er), Brantz. Born at Baltimore, Sept. 27, 1809: died there, Feb. 23, 1879. An American author. He was a lawyer; was editor of the "Baltimore American"; and in 1841-42 was secretary of the United States legation in Mexico. During the Civil War he was commi ioned colonel in the Federal army. He published "Mexico: Aztec, Spanish, and Republican" (2 vols, 1853); several other works on Mexico; "Captain Canot," a novel (1854); etc. (1891), 10,428. Mayer (mi'er), Johann Tobias. Born at Marbach, Würtemberg, Feb. 17, 1723: died at Göttingen, Feb. 20, 1762. A German astronomer, profe or of mathematics at Göttingen. He wrote lune" (revised edition, 1770). "The or i a lunæ, etc." (1767), "Tabulæ motuum sol is et Mayer, Julius Robert von. Born at Heilbronn, Würtemberg, Nov. 25, 1814: died at Heilbronn, March 20,1878. A German physician. He studied medicine at Tübingen, Munich, and Paris; and, after a journey to Java as ship's surgeon in 1840-41, settled as a surgeon at Heilbronn. He is by many regarded as the originator of the mechanical theory of heat. A collective edition of his works appeared in 1867 under the title of "Die Mechanik der Wärme." Mayas (mi'äz or mäʼyäz). A race of Indians inhabiting the peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. At the time of the conquest they were divided into a num ber of tribes (Acalans, Tipuans, Cocames, Itzaecs, etc.), which were often at war with one another. Their princi- cities well built, in part of stone; they had written (hieroglyphic) records, and preserved legends of former greatne during a period when all Yucatan or Maya was Neckarbischofsheim, Baden, March 22, 1786: governed by a single ruler, who lived at Mayapan. The Mayas were idolators, but appear to have believed in a supreme deity whom they called Hunab-ku. Crimes were severely punished. Several of the tribes resisted the Spaniards bravely, and some of those in the interior and south have never been entirely subdued. Descendants of the conquered Indians form the great bulk of the population Mayer, Karl. Born at Königsberg, Pru ia, March 21, 1799: died at Dresden, July 2, 1862. A German pianist and composer. Mayer, Karl Fried rich Hartmann. Born at died at Tübingen, Würtemberg, Feb. 25, 1870. A German poet. His "Poems" were published in 1833 (later editions 1839, 1864). He also wrote "Ludwig Uhland, seine Freunde und Zeitgeno en" (1867), etc. Mayes (māyēs). ['Dizzine .'] A tribe of North American Indians, formerly in northern