Grossjägerndorf, Aug

30; Frederick's great victories at Ro bach (Nov. 5) and Leuthen (Dec. 5); his victory over the Ru ians at Zorndorf, Aug. 25, 1758; his defeat by the Austrians at Hochkirch, Oct. 14; the victory of Minden over the French, Aug. 1, 1759; Frederick's crushing defeat at Kunersdorf, Aug. 12; his victories at Liegnitz (Aug. 15) and at Torgau (Nov. 3), 1760; death of the czarina, Jan., 1762 (her succe or, Peter III., sided with Frederick); victory of Frederick at Burkersdorf, July 21; victory of his brother Henry at Freiberg, Oct.; peace of Hubertusburg, Feb., 1763 (by this Silesia was confirmed to Frederick). The war is sometimes known as the third Silesian war. Closely connected with the Seven Years' War was the struggle between the French and English 1754-63, ending with the peace of Paris in 1763, and the triumph of England in America and India. (For the American part, see French and Indian War.) Other important events were Clive's victory at Pla ey June 23, 1757; English naval victories at Lagos in Aug., and at Quiberon Nov. 20, 1759; and the conquest of various French po e ions. The war raised Pru ia to the front rank of European powers, and developed England's colonial empire. Severians (sē-vē'ri-anz). 1. An Encratite sect of the second century.-2. A Gnostic sect of the second century, often identified with-3. A Monophysite sect, followers of Severus, patriarch of Antioch 512-519 A. D. See Niobites. Severn (sev'èrn). Next to the Thames, the long land, 20 miles southeast of London, Near it is Knole Park. Population (1891), 7,514. Seven Pines. See Fair Oaks . Seven Sages, The. 1. Seven men of ancient Greece, famous for their practical wisdom. A list commonly given is made up of Thales, So- lon, Bias, Chilo, Cleobulus, Per i an der, and Pit- tacus.-2. See Seven Wise Masters. rises in Montgomery shire, Wales; traverses Shropshire, Worcesters hire, and Gloucestershire; and empties into the Bristol Channel at the junction of the Lower Avon, west of Bristol. Its chief tributaries are the Tern, Teme, Avon, Wye, and Lower Avon. It pa es Worcester and Gloucester.e Length, about 200 miles; navigable to Stour port, ve els to Gloucester. Severn. A river in Canada which flows northeast into the southwestern side of Hudson Bay, near Fort Severn. Severo, Cape extremity of the Taimyr peninsula in Siberia, in lat. 77° 41′ N., long. 104° 1' E. It was visited by Nordenskjöld in 1878. Also called Cape Severo - Vostokhnoi , Cape Tcheliuskin , etc. Severus, Alexander. See Alexander Severus. Severus (se-vē'rus), Lucius Septimius. Born at Leptis Magna, Africa, 146 A. D.: died at Eboracum (York), Britain, 211. Roman emperor 193-211. He was questor and later pretor under Marcus Aurelius; and was commander in Upper Pannonia at the of the death of Commodus in 192. He nonia at the time of the death common threw IMG:content-0895.png:[blocks in formation] documents relating to colonial (particularly American) affairs, at Seville, Spain. In 1778 Charles III. ordered that all such documents in the gov- ernment offices should be collected in one place. A build- ing was provided for them at Seville, and in 1788 the most important papers of the Simancas and other deposits were transported to it. There are said to be 47,000 large pack- ages of manuscripts. Seville, Council of. See Casa de Contrat a cion in reign improvements in the administration of justice were made by the jurist Pap in i an us. Severus, Wall of. A wall built about 208 A. D., by the emperor Septimius Severus, between the Tyne and the Solway in Britain, as a defense against northern inroads. It followed the line of the fortifications of Hadrian. Sevier (se-ver'), John. Born in Rocking ham County, Va., Sept. 23, 1745: died near Fort Decatur, Ga., Sept. 24, 1815. An American pioneer, general, and politician, famous as an Indian-fighter. He took part in the battle of Point Pleasant Oct. 10, 1774, and King's Mountain in 1779; was governor of Franklin (which see) 1785-88; member of Congre from North Carolina 1790-91; governor of Tenne ee 17961801 and 1803-09; member of Congre from Tenne ee 1811-15; and United States commi ioner to negotiate with the Creeks in 1815. Sevier Desert. A desert in western Utah, including the valley of Sevier Lake and the adjacent region to the north. Sevier Lake. A salt lake in Millard County, western Utah, 120 miles south-southwest of Great Salt Lake. Length, 20-25 miles. It has no outlet. Sevier River. A river in western Utah which flows northerly and then southwesterly into Sevier Lake. Length, 200 miles. Sévigné (sā-ven-ya'), Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de. Born at Paris, Feb. 6, 1626: died at Grignan (Drôme), April 18, 1696. A French epistolary writer. Her parents died when she was a child, and she was brought up by maternal cle. She had the best of teachers, and as she grew up she had also acce to court. In 1644 she was married to Henri, marquis de Sévigné, who was killed in a duel in 1651, Their union had not been happy, though it was ble ed The former mar two children, daughter and ried in 1669 M. de Grignan, who occupied an admin i str a tive position in southern France. Madame de Grignan accompanied her husband to his home, while her mother, Madame de Sévigné, spent her time either at Paris or at her country-seat, Les Rochers, in Britt any. It was this separation that occasioned the famous correspondence from mother to daughter which still ranks as one of the finest monuments in the French language. As everything of daily interest is recorded by Madame de Sévigné for her daughter's benefit, these letters are valuable from a his torical point of view as well the charm of their ex pre ion. The best edition of Madame de Sévigné's letters was made by Paul Mesnard for the series of "Les grands écrivains de la France." Seville (sev'il or se-vil'), Sp. Sevilla (sa-velyä). A province of And alus i a, Spain, bounded by Badajoz on the north, Cordova on the northeast, Malaga on the southeast, Cadiz on the south, and Huelva on the west. The surface is generally level in the south and mountainous in the north. The soil is fertile and productive. Area, 5,295 square miles. Population (1887), 543,944. Seville, Sp. Sevilla (sā-vēl'yä), F. Séville (sāvel'). The capital of the province of Seville, Spain, situated on the left bank of the Guadalquivir, in lat. 37° 22′ N., long. 5° 59' W.: the Roman His pal is or Sevilla. It is one of the largest and most important commercial cities of Spain. Besides extensive commerce it has manufactures of tobacco, etc., and formerly had silk manufactures. Opposite it is the Gipsy suburb of Triana. It contains many specimens of Moorish architecture. The cathedral, of the 15th century, but preserving the broad rectangular plan of the original mosque, is very large, with great richne in its florid ornament and picturesque vistas through its shadowy arches. The nave is 150 feet high. There is beautiful Flemish colored gla . Here is buried Fernando, son of Columbus, and the Columbus books and manuscripts are in the chapter library. The Moorish Court of Oranges, with its venerable gate, adjoins the cathedral. The Torre del Oro, or tower of gold, is Moorish with later alterations, in plan an octagon, and rises in three stages. It has its name from having been used for the storage of the precious metals brought from America from the time of the discovery. Other buildings are the Moorish palace Alcazar, the exchange (Lonja), university, amphitheater, museum (containing masterpieces of Murillo, etc.), Roman aqueduct, and Casa de Pilatos. The place was a Phenic i an colony; an im portant Roman city, and the capital of Brætic a; and a Van dal capital and important city under the Goths. It was taken by the Arabs in 712; became one of the chief Moorish cities; was the capital of the Abbadid dynasty in the 11th century; was taken by the Almoravides in 1091, and by the Almohades in 1147; was recovered by the Christians under Ferdinand III. of Castile in 1248 (many of its in habitants emigrating); and was made the capital; car Seville, Treaty of. A treaty between Great Britain, Spain, and France, concluded at Se- ville in 1729. It put end to the between Eng- land and Spain, left England in po e ion of Gibraltar, and established a close alliance between the three powers, Sèvres (savr). A town in the department of Seine-et-Oise, France, 24 miles southwest of Paris. It is celebrated for its porcelain manufactures, established at Vincennes in 1745, removed to Sèvres 1756, and acquired by the state in 1759. A mosaic establish ment was founded here in 1875. There is an important art museum. Population (1891), commune, 6,902. Sèvres, Deux-. See Deux -Sèvres. Sewall (sū'al), Arthur. Born at Bath, Maine, Nov. 25, 1835. An American shipbuilder and banker. In 1893 he was a candidate for the United States Senate. Mr. Sewall is an advocate of the free coinage of silver, and as such he received the nomination of the Democratic party for Vice-President at the Chicago Convention of July, 1896. Sewall (su'al), Jonathan Mitchell. Born at Salem, Ma ., in 1748: died at Portsmouth, N. H., March 29, 1808. An American poet. He wrote a number of patriotic songs, and in his epilogue to Cato (1778) occur the lines His poems were published in 1801. Sewall, Samuel. Born at Bishop stoke, Eng- land, March 28, 1652: died at Boston, Jan. 1, east and Balu chi stan on the south. Sextans (seks'tanz). [NL., 'the sextant.'] A constellation introduced by Hevelius in 1690. It represents the instrument used by Tycho Brahe; but it is placed between Leo and Hydra, two animals of a fiery nature according to the astrologers, to commemorate the burning of his own instruments and papers in 1679. The brightest star of the constellation is of magnitude 4.5. Sextus (seks'tus). In Roman legend, the son of Tarquinius Superb us, noted in the story of Lucretia. Sextus Empiric us (em-pir'i-kus). Lived about 200 A. D. skeptical philosopher. He wrote "Pyrrhoniæ hypotyposes" and "Adversus mat he maticos." Seybert (sī'bert), Adam, Born at Philadelphia, 1773: died at Paris, May 2, 1825. An American chemist and politician. He was member of Congre from Pennsylvania and 1817-19. He wrote tistical Annals of the United States" (1818), etc. Seychelles (sā-shel'). A group of small islands in the Indian Ocean, belonging to Great Britain, situated east of Zanzibar, about lat. 5o S., long. 55° 30′ E. The surface is granitic. The largest island is Mahé; the principal port is Port Victoria. Cocoanut oil and vanilla are among the exports. Population (1891), 16,440. Seydlitz (zīd'lits), Fried rich Wilhelm von. Born at Kalkar, near Cleves, Feb. 3, 1721: died Νον. 8, 1773. A Pru ian cavalry general. He served with distinction in the Seven Years' War, particu- larly at Kolin, Ro bach, Zorndorf, Hochkirch, Freiberg, etc. He was wounded at Kunersdorf. Seymour (sē'mor). A city in Jackson County, Indiana, 58 miles south by east of Indianapolis. Population (1890), 5,337. Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset. Born about 1500: beheaded at London, Jan. 22, 1552. An English politician, brother of Jane Seymour and uncle of Edward VI.: made earl of Hertford in 1537. He invaded Scotland in 1544 (sacked Ed 1730. An American judge and official in Mas-in burgh) and 1545; became protector in 1547 and duke of sachusetts. He was one of the judges at the trials for Sewall, Samuel. Born at Boston, Dec. 11, 1757: died at Wisca et, Maine, June 8, 1814. An American jurist, chief justice of Ma a- chusetts 1813-14. Sewall, Stephen. Born at Salem, Ma ., Dec. 18, 1704: died Sept. 10, 1760. An American jurist, chief justice of Ma achusetts 1752-60. Seward (sū'ärd), Anna. Bornat Eyam, Derby- shire, England, 1747: died at Lich field, March 23, 1809. An English poet, called "the Swan of Lich field." In 1782 she published her poetical novel "Louisa"; this was followed by "Sonnets" (1799) and the "Life of Dr. Darwin" (1804). She was a ociated with Dr. Johnson, Dr. Darwin, and others, and her letters, in which she imitated Johnson, were ere published in six vol. umes 1811-13. She bequeathed the publication of her volumes in 1810. Seward, Frederick William. Born 1830. An American lawyer, a istant secretary of state 1861-69 and 1877-81. He published "Life and Letters" of his father, W. H. Seward. Seward, George Frederick. Born at Florida, N. Y., Nov. 8, 1840. An American diplomatist, nephew of W. H. Seward. He became consul in China in 1861 and consul-general in 1863, and was United States minister to China 1876-80. Seward, Mount. [Named from W. H. Seward.] A summit of the A dir on dacks, situated in Franklin County, New York, 14 miles west of Mount Marcy. Height, 4,384 feet. Seward, William Henry. Born at Florida, Orange County, N. Y., May 16, 1801: died at Auburn, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1872. A noted American statesman. He graduated at Union College in 1820; was admitted to the bar in 1822; settled in Auburn in 1823; was elected in 1830 as anti-Masonic candidate to the New York State Senate, in which he served until 1834; was the unsucce ful Whig candidate for governor in 1834; was elected (Whig) governor of New York in 1838; was reëlected in 1840, and served till Jan. 1, 1843; was Whig and afterward Republican United States senator from New York 1849-61; made in 1858 a celebrated speech at Rochester, in which he declared that the antagonism between freedom and slavery was an "irrepre ible conflict" between opposing forces; was a candidate for the Republican nomination for President in 1860; was secretary of state 1861-69; was severely wounded by an accomplice of John Wilkes Booth April 14, 1865; made a journey to Europe 1859 (having made a similar journey in 1833); traveled in western United States and Mexico in 1869; and journey around the world 1870-71. Dur ing his incumbency of the secretaryship of state he averted serious complications with Great Britain by his prudence and skill in the negotiations over the “Trent affair" (which see); prevailed on the French government to withdraw its troops from Mexico; and in 1867 concluded the negotiations with Ru ia for the ce ion of Alaska. He supported the reconstruction policy of President Johnson. His works were published by G. E. Baker in 5 vols. 1853-84.