Perge

See Perga. Pergola (per'go-lä). A town in the province of Pesaro e Urbino, Italy, situated on the Cesano 15 miles southeast of Urbino. Population (1881), commune, 9,120. Per goles i (per-go-lā'sē), or Pergolese (per-golā'se), Giovanni Battista. Born at Jesi, Jan. 3, 1710: died at Pozzuoli, March 16, 1736. A noted Italian composer. He was educated at Naples, and at first studied under Domenico de Matteis, then counterpoint and vocal composition. He composed his first opera, "La Sallustia," about 1731, and two others in rapid succe ion. These were not succe ful, and he ceased writing for the stage and composed 2 ma es and 30 trios for violins and ba viol. Shortly after (apparently within the same year) he produced his very operetta "La Serva Padrona": this was the basis of Italian comic opera to the time of Ro ini (Grove). He died while finishing his "Stabat Mater" for two voices, soprano and contralto. Among his other works are "Flamineo" (1735: an opera bouffe), "Salve Regina," "Dies Iræ," "Orfeo e Euridice" (a cantata), and much church and chamber music. Per i an der (per-i-an'der). [Gr. Περίανδρος .] Died 585 в. с. Tyrant of Corinth 625-585 в. с. He is usually counted among the seven wise IMG:content-0791.png:[blocks in formation] Périer, Jean Paul Pierre Casimir (called Casimir-Périer). Born at Paris, Nov. 8, 1847. A French statesman, elected president of the French republic June 27, 1894; resigned Jan. 15, 1895. He is a grandson of Casimir Périer (1777-1832). Périgord (pā-rê-gör'). An ancient countship of France, which formed part of the government of Guienne. Capital, Périgueux. It was bounded by Angoumois on the north, Quercy and Limous in on the east, Agénais on the south, and Saintonge on the west. It was largely included in the department of Dordogne. It appears as a countship, a fief of Aquitaine, in the 10th century; followed mainly the fortunes of Aquitaine; and was united to France under Henry IV. Perigot (per'i-got). The principal character in Fletcher's "Faithful Shepherde ." Périgueux (pā-rê-ge'). The capital of the department of Dordogne, France, situated on the river Isle in lat. 45° 11′ N., long. 0° 44′ E.: the ancient Vesuna or Vesunna. It has considerable commerce, and is noted for its "Périgord pies" of truffles and partridges. The cathedral, one of the most remarkable of medieval monuments, dates from the 11th century. In plan and dimensions it almost exactly reproduces St. Mark's at Venice: the present view is that both were inspired by the Church of the Holy Apostles at Constantinople. The plan is a Greek cro , measuring about 184 feet each way, covered by 5 domes on pendentives, about 30 feet in diameter and 100 high. The construction is of plain masonry, with some Romanesque arcades, and entirely without the wonderful Byzantine decoration in sculpture and color. The exterior, however, as restored, is highly impre ive. The chevet is a remodeled 14th-century chapel, and at the west end there is a narthex formed of part of an earlier church, with a very old and curious tower, 197 feet high. This is the parent of all French medieval domical churches. Other objects of interest are the museum, the old cathedral of St. Etienne, a ruined ancient amphitheater, and the Roman Tour de Vésone. Vesuna was the chief place of the Petrocorii, and later a flourishing Roman town. The place was taken by the English in 1356, and was occupied by the Huguenots from 1575 to 1581. Population (1891), commune, 31,439. Perim (pā-rem'). A small island in the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, at the entrance of the Red Sea. It belongs to Great Britain, and is used as a coaling-station. Perimedes (per-i-me'dez) the Blacksmith. A collection of love-stories interspersed with poems, by Robert Greene, published in 1588. The stories are mostly from Boccaccio. Per in thus, or Heraclea Per in thus (her-a-klē'ä Perote "Italian Sculptors, etc." (1868), "Raphael and Michel- angelo" (1878), "Historical Hand-Book of Italian Sculp- tors," "History of the Handel and Haydn Society" (of which he was president) (1883), "Ghiberti et son école" (1886, at Paris), etc. He edited "Art in the House," etc. (1879), and was critical editor of a "Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings" (1892). Perkins, Justin. Born at West Springfield, Ma ., March 12, 1805: died at Chicopee, Ma ., Dec. 31, 1869. An American Congregational mi io mi ionary among the Nestor i ans in Persia. Perkin Warbeck. See Warbeck . Perla (per'lä), La. [It., 'the pearl.'] A paint- ing of the Holy Family, by Raphael, in the Royal Museum at Madrid. It was so named by Philip IV., who bought it from the collection of Charles I. of Great Britain, and exclaimed when he saw it: "This is the pearl of my pictures!" The coloring is opaque, and the shadows heavy: the king's judgment overrated it. Perleberg (per'le-berg). A town in the province of Brandenburg, Pru ia, situated on the Stepenitz 76 miles northwest of Berlin. Population (1890), 7,565. Perle du Brésil, La. [F., 'The Pearl of Brazil.'] An opera by Félicien David, produced at Paris in 1851. Perm (perm). 1. A government in eastern Rus- sia, situated on both sides of the Ural Mountains, and bordering on Siberia. It is watered by the Kama, Obi, and Petchora systems. It is the chief mining govern- ment in Ru ia, producing gold, silver, iron, copper, plat i- num, and other minerals, and precious stones. Area, 128,211 square miles. Population (1890), 2,811,300. 2. The capital of the government of Perm, sit- uated on the Kama about lat. 58° N., long. 56° 30′ E. It is on the main route to Siberia, and is the seat of an important transit trade. Population (1890), 39,750. Permians (per'mi-anz), or Permyaks (perm'- yaks). A people living in the government of Perm, Ru ia, belonging to the Finnic stock. They number about 60,000. Pernambuco (per-näm-böʻkō; Pg. pron. per-näń- bökộ). A maritime state of Brazil, situated about lat. 7°-10° S. Area, 49, 625 square miles. Population, estimated (1894), 1,254,159. Pernambuco, or Recife (re-se'fe). A seaport, capital of the state of Pernambuco, situated on the coast in lat. 8° 3′ S., long. 34° 52′ W. It is composed of three parts separated by narrow channels - Recife, Santo Antonio, and Boa Vista. It is one of of Brazil. The leading export pe-rin'thus). [Gr. Πέρινθος .] In ancient geog-sechief copopulationiteriously estimated at 110,000 raphy, a city of Thrace, situated on the Pro pont is 55 miles west of Byzantium. It made a succe ful defense against Philip of Macedon in 340 B. C. The modern Eski Eregli is on its site. Perion (Sp. pron. pā-re-on'). A mythical king, the father of Amadis of Gaul in the romance of that name. Peripatetics (per "i-pa-tet'iks). [From Gr. περι πατητικός, given to walking about, esp. while teaching or disputing. The name was given to Aristotle and his followers because he taught in the walks of the Lyceum at Athens.] The followers of Aristotle (384-322 в. с.). In the middle ages the word was often used to signify 'logicians. See Aristotle . 190,000. Pernau (per'nou). A seaport and watering place in the government of Livonia, Ru ia, situated at the entrance of the river Pernau into the Gulf of Riga, in lat. 58° 23′ N., long. 24° 29′ E. It has a flourishing foreign trade. It was founded in 1255. Population, 13,529. Perne (pern), Andrew. Born at East Bilney, Norfolk, 1519: died 1589. An English ecclesiastic and scholar. He was a graduate and fellow of Queens' College, and master of Peter house, Cambridge. He is best known by his changes in religious belief: he was a Catholic under Henry VIII., a Protestant under Edward VI., a Catholic again under Mary, and finally a Protestant under Elizabeth. He was, notwithstanding, a man of fine character, and rendered important service to his genera Periplus (per'i-plus). [L., from Gr. περίπλους , tion. περίπλους , a sailing around, an account of a coasting voyage.] The title of various geographical works of antiquity. The oldest extant is by Scylax of Caryanda in Caria, a igned by Niebuhr to the time of Alexander the Great. There were also similar works by Nearchus, A gath arc hides, Hanno, Tim a genes, and others. Periscii (pe-rish'i-i). The inhabitants of the son of Xanthippus. He entered public life about 469; became the leader of the democratic party; and secured the ostracism of Cimon and later of Thucydides. After 444 he was the principal minister of Athens. He aided in the military and naval development of the state; encour IMG:content-0792.png:[blocks in formation] Pericles, Prince of Tyre. A play by Shakspere, probably on the stage in 1608, published in 1609. It is thought that George Wilkins wrote part of it. Pericu (pā-rē-kö'). [Pl., also Pericus .] A tribe or division of North American Indians, living tory, a people of Canaan, living west of the Jordan in the region between Bethel and She chem.