KNAPP

MARTIN AUGUSTINE (1848), judge; b. Spofford, N. Y. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1869 following his graduation from Wesley an University, Conn., and pursued his profe ion at Syracuse, of which he was city attorney from 1877 to 1883. President Harrison appointed him a member of the Interstate Commerce Commi ion in 1891 and he became its chairman in 1898. Meantime he also served as mediator under the Erdman Act in the settlement of many railroad labor disputes. In 1910 he was appointed presiding judge of the U. 8. Commerce Court as a member of the Circuit Court of Appeals, serving until 1913, when the Commerce Court was abolished. Thereafter he served as a circuit judge of the ‘4th Judicial District. While head of the Commerce Court he continued to act as @ mediator on railroad labor questions, and later as a member of a board of © mediation created by legislation which — superseded the Erdman law.: 1° 28’ W.), town, Yorkshire, England; has ruined castle; behind Dropping Well is Mother Shipton’s Cave; St. Robert’s Cave was where Eugene Aram murdered Clarke. Pop. 5,500