BULL RUN

2 small stream in north eastern Virginia, which gave its name to two important battles of the Civil War. The First Battle of Bull Run was fought on July 21, 1861, between 29,000 ‘Union soldiers under Gen. McDowell, and 28,000 Confederates under Beau regard and Johnson. Both armies were made up of raw recruits, but among the Confederates were a large number of Texas frontiersmen, especially proficient in handling the Bowie knife. When these elements came into close quarters, the Union soldiers, though equal in numbers, became completely demoralized and broke and fled from the field in a panic, no attempt to reform being made till the outskirts of Washington, D. C., were reached, thirty miles away. This disastrous blow to the Union cause may be said to have altered the status of the war in the eyes of Europe, from a mere rebellion, to a civil war. The Second Battle of Bull Run was fought during Aug. 29-30, 1862, between 50,000 Confederates under General Lee and 70,000. Federals under Pope. At the end of the first day’s fighting neither side could show important gains, but after the fighting on the following day the Federal Army withdrew, with a Jo in killed and wounded of about 14,500, the Confederates losing le than 10,000. This victory enabled Lee to invade Maryland.