graph (graf)

[ graphs system of graphs used for the study of invar ants. These graphs were invented by J. J. Sylvester, but were further studied by W. K. Clifford. IMG:content-2587.png:[blocks in formation] The application of Clifford's graphs to ordinary binary graphicalne (graf'i-kal-nes), n. The cond i- Nature, XXXIII. 70. tion or quality of being graphic. Imp . Dict. = It. -grafo , Gr. -γραφος , -writing, writer, γραφή , a writing, γράφειν , write, describe: see But seeing the actual reality takes away much of the graphic .] A terminal element in compounds pleasantne , however much it adds to the graphicne . of Greek origin, denoting that which writes, E. Sartorius , In the Soudan, p. 28. marks, or describes something, as in chrono- graphics (graf'iks), п. [Pl. of graphic : see graph , telegraph , seismograph , et seismograph , etc., or, pa ive-- ics .] The art of drawing, particularly of pre- ly, that which is written, as in autograph , elec- trograph, etc. In the pa ive use the stricter form is -gram . graphia, n. Plural of graphium . graphic, graphical (grafik, -i-kal), a. [= F. graph i que Sp. gráfico = Pg. gro grafico , L. graphic us , belonging γραφή , drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, etc., γράφειν , orig. scratch, scrape, graze, later represent by lines, draw, paint, write: see gravel .] 1. Pertaining to the art of writing; concerned with writing, ing, or with words as written; chirographic; orthographic: as, graphic representation; a mere graphic va- IMG:content-2588.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2589.png:[blocks in formation] grapholite (graf'ō-lit), n. [ γραφή , writing, + λίθος , stone.] A kind of slate suitable for writing on. Grapholitha (gra-fol'i-tha), n . [NL. (Treitsch- ke, 1829), γραφή , writing, + λίθος , stone. Cf. graptolite .] A genus of small and peculiar- ular name scripture worts. Some of the species are peculiarly important from being found only as parasites on the bark of particular species of Cinchona , and so serv- ing as a means of identifying some of the most valuable commercial barks. graphideine (gra-fid'e-in), a. [ Graph is (Gra- phid ) + -ine .] Same as graph i dace ous . Graphidiaceæ (gra-fid-i-a'sē-ē), n . pl . [NL., Graph is ( Graphidi -)+- aceæ .] A tribe of lichens having the apothecia usually elongated (lirellsæ- form) and normally margined only by a proper exciple. Graph is is the typical genus. graphiohexaster (grafi-o-heks-as'ter), n. [ γραφεῖον , & style, + έξ , = E.six , + ἀστήρ , star.] In sponges, a hexaster or six-rayed spicule whose rays are much curved. graph i ology (graf-i-ol'ō-ji), n. [ γραφεῖον , a style, pencil, LGr. γραφεία , writings (see gra- phium ), + -λογία, λέγειν , speak: see -ology .] The art of writing or delineating; a treatise on IMG:content-2590.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2591.png:[blocks in formation] phidei. graph i tel (graf'it), n. [F. graphite , so called from its use in making pencils for writing, -ite2 .] One of the forms under which carbon occurs in nature (see carbon ), also known as plumbago and black - lead . It has an iron- gray color and metallic luster, and occurs in foliated ma es and embedded scales. It is soft and unctuous to the touch, makes a black shining streak on paper, and is used chiefly in the manufacture of pencils, crucibles, and portable furnaces, for burnishing iron to protect it from rust, and for counteracting friction between the rubbing surfaces of wood or metal in machinery. It is a conductor of elect i tricity, and in the form of a powder is used for coating non-conducting surfaces of molds in making electro- types. The most important regions supplying graphite are the Alibert mine in Siberia, which furnishes the best ma- part of the coarser material used for stove-polish and for lubrication. There are also extensive mines of graphite near Lake Cham plain. - Gas-graphite. Same as gas -car- bon (which see, under carbon ). graphite (graf'it), it), n. [An erroneously 're- stored' form, for * graffite , graffito , pl. graf- fit i : see graffito .] Same as graffito . See the extract. The next [in the catacomb under the farm of Tor Ma- rancia near Rome] was a graphite , one of those rude scratchings which, though made by idle or mischievous hands, neverthele often contain most valuable (plaster) of the apse. It represented in rude outline the profile of a bishop seated, evidently preaching from the episcopal chair, with a kind of background showing the side of the choir, with the pulpit or ambo for the epistle. molecule, are represented by connecting lines or dashes, as in the figure, which is a graphic formula of acetic acid. Each hy- H-C-H drogen atom (H), having a single connecting bond, is univalent, each carbon atom (C) is O=C-OH quadrivalent, having four bonds, and each graphitic (gra-fit'ik), a. [ graphite + -ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature of graphite. graphitoid, graph i to i dal (graf'i-toid, graf-i- toi dal), a. [ graphite1 + Gr. εἶδος, form.] Resembling graphite or plumbago. Grove had proposed to replace the platinum by wood charcoal or graph i to i dal charcoal deposited in gas retorts. Hospitalier , Electricity (trans.), p. 23. graphoscope (graf'ō-skop), п. writing, + σκοπεῖν , view.] A device for viewing pictures or photographs through a lens. It con- sists of a holder for the picture and one for the lens, with simple appliances for adjusting the focus. graphospasm (graf'o-spazm), n. [ grapho- spasm us , γραφή , writing, + σπασμός , spasm, cramp: see spasm .] Writers' cramp; scriven- ers' cramp (which see, under scrivener ). graphotype (graf'ō-tip), n. [ γραφή , writ- ing, + τύπος , impre ion: see type .] A pro- ce of making blocks for use in surface-print- ing. Drawings are made on a thin surface of finely pre- pared chalk with a silicious ink. When dried, the soft parts are brushed away, and the drawing remains in re- lief; stereotypes are then made from the block. In a later form of the proce the chalk surface is superseded by a zinc plate covered with finely powdered French chalk brought to a hard and firm texture by great pre ure. graphium (graf'i-um), n.; pl. graphia (-a). [L., grafie = G. -graphie = Dan. Gr. γραφεῖον , a pencil, style, γράφειν , write: see graphic, graff2 .] A style for writing; a stylus. graph iure (graf'i-ūr), n. A dormouse of the genus Graph i urus. Graph i urus (graf-i-u'rus), n. φεῖον , a pencil, + οὐρά , tail.] 1. A A genus of dormice, of the family Myoxide , with a short cylindrical tail ending ending in a pencil of hairs (whence the name), and small simple molars. F. Cuvier , 1829.-2. A genus of extinct fishes, of the family Cœlacanthida . Kner, 1866. grapnel (grap'nel), n . [Formerly also grap- nall ; grapenel , grapinel , grapinel , * grappinel , a umed dim. of grapin , grappin , F. grappin , a grapnel (OF. also grappil , a grapnel, grapple), dim. of grappe , a hook, a cluster of grapes: see grape1 .] 1. A mechanical device consisting e entially of one or more hooks or clamps, used for grasping or holding something; a grap- ple; a grappling-iron. Specifically-2. A grappling-iron, used to seize and hold one ship to another in en- gagements prepara- tory to boarding. Al- so called grappling . To grapple with, to contend with in close contest, as in wrestling; struggle with; seize or attack boldly. She rubb'd her eyes; but found their strength too weak To grapple with that stupor. J. Beaumont, Psyche, ii. 107. Don Alonso, whose corselet had become unlaced in the previous struggle, having received a severe wound in the breast, followed by another on the head, grappled closely with his adversary, and they came rolling on the ground Whipple , E . and Rev., I. 185. grapplements (grap'l-ment), n. [ grapple + -ment.] A grappling; a grasp; a grip. And catching hold of him, as downe he lent, Him backeward overthrew, and downe him stayd With their rude handes and gryesly graplement . separate zoöids protected by little horny cups, all springing from a common cœnosare, but differing in that they were not fixed to any sol- id object, but were perm a- nently free. Graptolites usual- ly appear as im Block of Stone containing Graptolites. pre ions on hard shales of the Silurian strata, presenting the appearance of fo il pens, whence the name. Also graptolith . In goth the grapenel , so ful of crokes, Amonge the ropes, and the sheryng hokes. 3. A boat's anchor having from three to six flukes placed at equal distances about the end of the shank. Also grapline . nating in very sharp hooks. Also called grap- nel - plant. grapple-shot (grap'l-shot), n . A shot attached to a cable, used on the sea-coast in the life-sav- ing service. It is fired acro and is caught in the rigging by flukes which spread out when the cable is pulled. grappling (grap'ling), n . [Verbal n. of grapple , v.] 1. That which grapple (grap'l), n. [Early mod. E. also graple ; grappil , a grapple (of a ship), equiv. to grappin (> dim. * grappinel , > E. grapnel , q. v.), by dim. of grappe , a hook, a cluster of grapes: see grapel and grapple , v.] 1. A hook or an iron instrument by which one thing, as a ship, Ambition out search eth to glorie the greece, The stair to estate, the graple of grace. IMG:content-2592.png:[blocks in formation] nel.-2. An anchorage. About mid- night, we run under the land, and came to a grappling , where we took such rest as our situation would admit. IMG:content-2593.png:[blocks in formation] The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel. IMG:content-2594.png:[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small] Grapsidæ (grap'si-dē), n . pl . [NL., Grapsus + idæ .] A family of brachyurous decapod crustaceans, typified by the genus Grapsus , and belonging to the series Ocypodoidea . The car a- pace is quadrilateral with the lateral margins straight or is very wide. The species sea-shores, and run with great rapidity. grapsoid (grap's oid), a . and n. [ Grapsus + -oid.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the Grapsoidea or Grapsida. II. n. One of the Grapsoidea . Grapsoidea (grap-soi'dē-a), n . pl . [NL., Grapsus + -oidea .] Same as Ocypodoidea . Also Grapsoidei . grapsoidian (grap-soi'di-an), a. and n. [ Grapsus +-oid - ian .] Same as grapsoid . Grapsus (grap's us), n . [NL., for * Grapsœus , Grapsida . Graptolithus (grap-tol'i-thus), n. [NL., φειν , write, + λίθος , stone: see graphic .] 1. A Linnean genus of the cla Fo il i a and order Petrific at a , defined as a pictured petrifaction, and made to cover a variety of objects, as Flor- entine marble, mo -agate, certain worms, as Serpula , etc.-2. A genus of Graptolithida, giving name to the family. graptolitic (grap-to-lit'ik), a. [ graptolite + -ic.] Of or belonging to graptolites; produced by graptolites; containing graptolites: as, graptolitic markings; graptolitic slate. Also graptolite , graptolithic . Graptolitidæ (grap-to-lit'i-dē), n . pl . Same as Graptolithidæ or Graptolithina . grapy (grā'pi), a . [ grape1 + -y1.] posed of, pertaining to, or resembling grapes: as, a grapy flavor. The God we now behold with open eyes; A herd of spotted panthers round him lies In glaring forms; the grapy clusters spread On his fair brows, and dangle on his head. grasp (grasp), v. [ graspen , for or * grapsen = LG. grapsen, grasp, snatch; with verb-formative -s, as in cleanse , ble , etc., grapen , take hold of, touch, grope: see grope , grape2 .] I. trans. 1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers He grasp'd the mane with both his hands, And eke with all his might. Cowper , John Gilpin. Dropping into his elbow-chair, and grasping its sides so firmly that they creaked again. Dickens, Nicholas Nickle by. His long arms stretch'd as to grasp a flyer. Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. γραπτός, marked, written, + δέρος , skin.] A genus of saltatorial chrysomelid beetles, or flea-beetles. G. chalybea is a small steel-blue species very injurious to the grape, of which it devours the leaves and buds. graptolite (grap'to-lit), n. and a. [ Graptolithus .] I. n. One of the Graptolithidæ, Graptolithina , or Rhabdophora ; a specimen or a species of Paleozoic cælenterate organisms, commonly supposed to be hydro- zoans, resembling the living sertularians in having a horny polypary, and in having the IMG:content-2595.png:[blocks in formation] grasp II. in trans. To make a grasp, or the motion of grasping; seize something firmly or eagerly. Than he be-gan to craspe after his arme, for to take from hym his swerde out of his honde. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 649. His hands abroad display'd, as one that grasp'd And tugg'd for life. Shak ., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 2. Like a miser, 'midst his store, Who grasps and grasps till he can hold no more. To grasp at, to catch at; try to seize. But this Dryden. is the mischievous nature of pride; it makes a man grasp at every thing, and, by consequence, comprehend nothing effectually and thoroughly. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, I. v. Alas! we grasp at Clouds, and beat the Air, Vexing that Spirit we intend to clear. Prior , Solomon, i. IMG:content-2596.png:[blocks in formation] Is. Taylor. In the treatment of this arduous problem [the descent of man] Mr. Darwin showed no le acutene and grasp than had been displayed in his earlier work. J. Fiske , Evolutionist, p. 365. graspable (grås'pa-bl), a . [ grasp + -able .] Capable of being grasped. graspelt, n. and v. See grasple.