turning piece

A camber top-board used as a centering for a discharging arch. IMG:content-1576.png:[blocks in formation] goodne ."-Sidney. tür-nip, *tür-něp, *tur-neppe, subst . [Etym. doubtful. The latter element is evidently A. S. nép =a turnip, from Lat. nap us ; cf. Irish & Gael. neipa turnip. The former element is probably as if it had been turned, from tourner =to turn (q. v.).] turn-ing, pr. par., a. & s. [TURN, v.] A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj .: (See the from Fr. tour a wheel, to signify the round shape, verb.) C. As substantive: I. Ordinary Language : 1. The act of one who, or of that which turns. "The turning of a weather board or tin cap upon the top of a chimney." -Paley: Nat. Theol., ch. xx. 2. A bend or bending course; a meander, a flexure, a curve; a deviation or divergence from a straight line or course. "We discouered 32 islands lying al neere the land, being small and pleasant to the view, high and hauing many turnings and windings betweene them."- Hack luyt: Voyages, iii. 300. 3. A place or point where a road or street diverges from another; also, a road, lane, or street diverging from another. Turn upon your right at the next turning ." -Shakesp.: Merchant of Venice , ii. 2. 4 The act or operation of giving circular and other forms to wood, metal, bone, iron, or other substances, by causing them to revolve in a lathe, and applying cutting instruments, so as to produce the form required; or by making the cutting instrumont revolve, when the substance to be formed is fixed. [LATHE.] In most cases, the substance to be formed revolves on an axis, which is fixed. 5. A proce for smoothing thrown pottery, consisting in turning off the exterior surface of the partially dried ve els, which are in what is called the green state. The moistened surface of the ves. sel adheres to the top of the rotating disk, while the turner removes a long ribbon of clay by means of a cutting tool. This being completed, and the green handie cemented on by slip, the ve el is cut loose by a wire, and sent to be fired. 6. ( Pl .): The chips detached in the proce of turning wood, . II. Technically : Bot., Agric ., Hort., .: Bra ica rap a , or B.rap a depre a , formerly made a distinct species of the genus, but reduced by Sir J. Hooker to a sub-species of B. campestris. It is a biennial crucifer. The root is an orbicular or oblong, fleshy tuber; the radicle leaves lyrate, hispid, not glaucous; the lower stem leaves incised; the upper cordate, ovate, acuminate, amplexicaul, smooth, more or le toothed; the flowers yellow; the valves of the pod convex. In its undeveloped state it is found wild in cornfields in various parts of the world, flower ing from April to August. It has been cultivated from the time of the Greeks and Romans, and the great development has been toward increased size and fleshine . It is believed to have been introduced into Britain from Holland in 1550, and is now cultivated in fields and kitchen gardens in most temperate regions of the world. It has run into several varieties, one of the best being the early Dutch. Itis used as an ingredient in soups. broths, and stews, and is cut into figures for garnishing. The early shoots may be boiled as greens, and are antiscorbutic. Turnips intended for feeding cattle from December to February, should be sewn from the middle of May to the end of June; if they are designed to supply food till May, they are not sown before the latter part of July or the beginning of August. They should be sown by a drill machine, which method not merely economizes seed, but produces heavier crops. They succeed best in light soil, consisting of a mixture of sand and loam. The rotation of crops properly begins with turnips, which clear the soil of weeds and furnish it with manure for other agricultural plants.