KOLTCHAEK

(or KOLCHAR), A. V. (1874-1920), Ru ian admiral and soldier. Entered the navy, 1891, and was promoted to officer’s rank, 1894; in 1903 he cro ed the Arctic from the Lena to Bennet I. for the relief of Baron Tol, who had wintered there, but found no trace of explorer. During Ru o-Jap. War he distinguished himself in the defence of Port Arthur and received several decorations. From 1906 to 1912, he was on the naval general staff, and took a ery active part in veorganizing that branch of the service. During the World War his distinguished military gifts and personal gallantry won for him a series of rewards and also promotion to rear admiral, 1916. Subsequently he was given an independent command in the Baltic, and still later proraoted_vice admiral and commander of the*Black Sea fleet.) After the revolution, 1917, he was the leader of the Whites, or AntiBolshevists, and his brilliant succe es at first rapidly obtained for him the virtual leadership of Ru ia. But from 1919, he gradually lost ground, and by the end of that year, after a brief succe around Tobolsk and Ekaterinburg, had to retire acro the Irtish, where he lost his guns and supplies. In Jan., 1920, an antiKoltchak revolution broke out at Vladivostok, and on Jan. 24, Koltchak surrendered to the revolutionaries at Irkutsk. A few loyalists and Czechs under General Kappel forced their way to the town, but when they reached it found that Koltchak kad been shot. town, Tomsk, Siberia. Pop. 12,000. oe Hungary; strongly fortified. Pop. river, S.H, Africa; source in 8.E. Transe | vaal; enters Delagoa Bay. ee Bohemia; textiles, fruit, beer. Pop. (1854-1911), Jap. statesman; sent by government to acquire modern education at Harvard Univ.; on return, served first in ministry of justice, then foreign affairs; attache to Jap. legation at Peking; govtion; minister succe ively at Seoul, Washington, Petrograd, and Peking; minister of foreign affairs, Tckio, 1900; conducted the negotiations before Ru oJap. War; senior plenipotentiary at peace conference at Portsmouth, U.S.; one of the chief authors of Anglo-Jap. agreement,