Siege of Granada

A novel by about 120 miles. Leiningen (li'ning-en). A former county of Germany, situated in the modern He e and Rhine Palatinate. It was made a principality in 1779; an exchange of territories was made in 1803; and the princiLeinster (lēn's ter or lin's ter). One of the four provinces of Ireland, occupying the southeast pality was mediatized 1806. ern part of the island. It is made up of Leinster proper in the south and Meath in the north, and comprises the following counties: Louth, Meath, West meath, Long ford, King's County, Kildare, Dublin, Wicklow, Wexford, Carlow, Kilkenny, and Queen's County. The kingdom of Leinster was under native rulers until the Anglo Norman invasion in the 12th century. Area, 7,622 square miles. Population (1891), 1,187,760. Leipa. See Böhmisch - Leipa . Leipnik (lipnik). A town in Moravia, Austria- Hungary, situated on the Betschwa 16 miles east-southeast of Olmütz. Population (1890), commune, 5,389. Leipsic (līp's ik), 'sik), G. Leipzig (lip'tsig). [Of Slav. origin, from lip , lipa , a linden; L. Lipsia .] Acity in the kingdom of Saxony, situated on the ster, Plei e, and Parthe in lat. 51° 20′ N., long. 12° 23′ E. It is one of the principal commercial centers in Germany, the first city in Saxony, the center of the German book trade, and the leading city in the world in bookselling and publishing, and one of the leading musical centers. Its annual fairs at Jubilate, Michael mas, and New Year are celebrated. The sales at the fairs include cloth, leather, linen, gla , etc. There are manufac tures of pianos, tobacco, cigars, etc. Among the objects of interest are the theater, museum (with picture-gallery), Augusteum (seat of the university), Old Gewandhaus, New Gewandhaus, Rathaus, war monument, Marktplatz, Plei enburg (former citadel), bourse, Reformation monument, Ethnographical Museum, and Museum of the Book Trade. The university, founded in 1409 on the sece ion of German students from the University of Prague, ranks as the second or third in size of the German universities. It has about 3,000 students, and a library of over 500,000 volumes. The city is the seat of the supreme courts of the empire. It was the birthplace of Leibnitz and of Richard Wagner. Leipsic was an ancient Slavic settlement. It received privileges from the Margrave of Mei en in the 12th century, and developed into a great commercial center in the later middle ages; was besieged and taken in the Thirty Years' War; was the scene of riots in 1848-49; and was occupied Population (1900), with incorporated suburbs, 455,089. by the Pru ians 1866. (For battles fought here, see below.) Leipsic, Battles of. 1. A victory gained Sept. 7 (O. S.), 1631, by the Swedes and Saxons under Gustavus Adolphus over the Imperialists under Tilly. Also called the first battle of Breitenfeld.-2. A victory gained Oct. 23 (O. S.), 1642, by the Swedes under Tors tenson over the Imperialists under Leopold of Austria and Piccolo mini. Also called the second battle of Breitenfeld.-3. A victory gained by the Pru ians, Ru ians, Austrians, and Swedes (200,000 at first, 300,000 later) under Schwarzenberg over the French (about 180,000) under Napoleon, Oct. 16-19, 1813. The lo of the Allies is estimated at 54,000 killed and wounded; that of the French at 40,000 killed and wounded and 30,000 prisoners. The victory virtually secured the liberation of Germany. Also "the Battle of the Nations" ("Völkerschlacht ""). Leipsic Colloquy. A conference between Lu theran and Reformed theologians, held at Leipsic in 1631. Leipsic Disputation. A theological controversy between Luther and Karlstadt on one side and Eck on the other, held at Leipsic June 27-July 15, 1519. Leipsic Interim. A statement of belief drawn up by Me lanch thon and other German Protes to the Roman Catholics. It was formally adopted in Dec., 1548. Leisewitz (li'ze-vits), Johann Anton. Born at Hannover, May 9, 1752: died at Brunswick, Germany, Sept. 10, 1806. A German dramatist, author of the tragedy "Julius von Tarent" (1776), etc. Leisler (lis'ler), Jacob. Died at New York, May 16, 1691. An American patriot. He was a native of Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany; came to Amer ica in 1660 as a soldier in the service of the Dutch West India Company; acquired a fortune by trade with the Indians; and became a captain in the military force stationed at New York. He headed the movement which deposed the Jacobite lieutenant-governor Francis Nicholson and proclaimed William and Mary in June, 1689. He a umed without formal authority the functions of a royal lieutenant-governor, but laid down his power on the arrival of Henry Sloughter as governor in 1691, in spite of which he was tried and executed for treason. The sentence was so manifestly unjust that it is said Sloughter hesitated to sign the death-warrant until heated with wine. Leisnig (lis'nig). A town in Saxony, situated on the Freiberger Mulde 28 miles southeast of Leipsic. Leitch (lech), William Leighton. Born at Glasgow, Nov. 22, 1804: died April 25, 1883. A Scotch painter, vice-president of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colors, and espe cially noted as a teacher of his art. Leith (leth). A seaport and parliamentary borough in the county of Edinburgh, Scotland, situated on the Firth of Forth north-northeast of Edinburgh, and contiguous to that city. It has important docks, ship-building, and foreign and coasting trade. Population (1901), 76,667. Leith, Sir James. Born at Leithhall, Aberdeen shire, Aug. 8, 1763: died at Barbados, Oct. 16, 1816. A Scottish soldier, appointed lieutenant-general in 1813. He served at Toulon in 1793; in Ireland (as colonel) 1798-1803; at Lugo 1809; at Corunna, at the siege of Badajoz, and at Salamanca 1812; and at St. Sebastian 1813. He was appointed commander in the West Indies and governor of the Leeward Islands, 1814. Leitha (lī'tä). A river in Lower Austria and Hungary, which joins the Danube near Ungarisch-Altenburg. Length, 110 miles. It forms in part the boundary between Austria and Hungary (hence the terms Cisleithan and Transleithan ). (1890), commune, Leitmeritz (līt'mer-its). A town in Bohemia, situated on the Elbe 34 miles north-northwest of Prague. It is the center of a rich agricultural region be the Bobution disemand has manufactures of Leitomischl (li'tō-mishl). A town in Bohemia, situated on the Lautschna 46 miles north by west of Brünn. Population (1890), commune, 8,012. Leitrim (lē'trim). The northeasternmost county in Con naught, Ireland. It is bounded by Donegal Bay on the northwest, Fermanagh and Cavan on the northeast, Long ford on the southeast, and Roscommon and Sligo on the southwest. Area, 619 square miles. Population (1891), 78,618. Leiva (lāy'vä), Ponciano. Born about 1828. A politician of Honduras. Aided by Guatemala and Salvador, he deposed Arias, Jan., 1874, taking the title of provisional president; was elected president Feb. 1, 1875; put down an insurrection in 1876; and resigned June 8, 1876, to prevent another civil war. Subsequently he was minister of war under Bogran, and succeeded him as president Nov. 10, 1891, but resigned Aug. 3, 1893. Leiva y de la Cerda (lāy'vä è da lä ther Tна), Juan de, Marquis of Leiva and Labrada and Count of Baños. Born about 1610: died after 1667. A Spanish nobleman, viceroy of Mexico Sept. 16, 1660, to June 28, 1664. He was one of the worst rulers that the country ever had, and, when finally deposed, he schemed to retain his place until forced by the Audience to give it up. Returning to Spain in 1666, he entered the Carmelite order. Lejean (lė-zhon'), Guillaume. Born at Plouégat-Guérand, Finistère, France, 1828: died at Plouégat-Guérand, Feb. 1, 1871. A French traveler in southeastern Europe, the Nile valley, and western Asia. Lejeune (lė-zhen'), Baron Louis François. Born at Strasburg, 1775: died at Toulouse, France, 1848. A distinguished French general, and painter of battles. Le Jeune, Claude or Claudin. Born at Valenciennes about 1530 (?): died about 1598. A French composer. His fame rests on his setting of Marot and Beza's psalms, printed after his death. This went through many editions, and was used in all the Calvin is tic churches, except in except in Switzerland. Lekain (lė-kan') (originally Cain), Henri Louis. Born at Paris, April 14, 1728: died at Paris, Feb. 8, 1778. A noted French tragedian. He was the son of a goldsmith, and was noted as a maker of delicate surgical instruments. In 1750 he created a rôle in "Le mauvais riche" which attracted the attention of Voltaire, who remained his friend. It was the custom to compare him with Garrick, but they had little in common. He Lekain left interesting memoirs, with letters from Garrick, Vol. taire, etc. These were published by his son, and reedited by Talma in 1825. L. E. L. The initials (used as a pen-name) of Letitia Elizabeth Landon (Mrs. Maclean). Leland (lē'land), Charles Godfrey. Born at Philadelphia, Aug. 15, 1824: died at Florence, Italy, March 20, 1903. An American author. He resided principally at London 1869-80, and gave much time to the study of the language and customs of the Gipsies. Among his works are "Hans Breitmann's Party, and Other Ballads" (1868: IMG:content-0699.png:[ocr errors] vania Dutch; there were four series of these), "Poetry and Mystery of Dreams" (1855), "English Gypsies, etc." "Practical Education" (1888). IMG:content-0700.png:[blocks in formation] Leman, Lake. See Geneva , Lake of . Lemanic Republic. The name a umed by the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, Jan., 1798, as an independent state. It entered the Helvetic Republic as the canton of Leman in April, 1798. 1756), etc. Leland Stanford Junior University. A coeducational institution of learning at Palo Alto, California, founded in 1891 by Leland Stanford in memory of his son. It has about 85 instructors and 1,225 students. Leleges (lel'e-jez). In ancient history, a people represented as living on the coasts of Greece, Asia Minor, and the islands of the Ægean. Leleux (lė-le'), Adolphe. Born at Paris, Nov. 15, 1812: died there, July 27, 1891. A French painter of landscape and genre scenes. Leleux, Armand. Born at Paris, 1818: died there, June, 1885. A French genre-painter, brother of Adolphe Leleux, and pupil of Ingres. Lelewel (le'le-vel), Joachim. Born at Warsaw, March 21, 1786: died at Paris, May 29, 1861. A Polish historian, noted especially for his studies in the geography of the middle ages. His works include "Géographie des Arabes" (1851), "Géographie du moyen âge" (1852-57), and various works on Polish history and antiquities. He was appointed profe or of history at the University of Warsaw in 1816, and soon after at Wilna. In 1824 he was deprived of his position for political reasons, and became one of the chiefs of the Polish revolution of Lelie (la-le'). The "étourdi" in Molière's play of that name. His singular carele ne and étourderie bring to naught all the astonishing schemes for his benefit concocted by Mascarille, his valet. Lely (lē'li), Sir Peter (originally Van der Vaes or Faes). Born at Soest, Westphalia, Sept. 14, 1618: died at London, Nov. 30, 1680. A famous Dutch-English artist, court painter to Charles II. He studied in Haarlem under Franz Pietersz de Grebber (Grelber), and worked there until 1641, when he went to England with the Prince of Orange, who wedded the Prince Mary in that year. He remained in England and enjoyed until his death great popularity as a portrait painter, his pictures of the beauties of the court of Charles II. being especially famous. He executed portraits of William of Orange, of Mary, and of a large number of the most eminent men and women in England during his time. The name Lely was a umed by his father, who was born in a house bearing the sign of a lily. Lemaire, or Le Maire (lė mar), Jean. Born at Belges, or Baria, in Hainaut, 1473: died about 1548. A Belgian poet and historian, after 1504 secretary and librarian to Margaret of Austria. His most important work is his "Illustrations de Gaule Belgique" (1812). Lemaire, Nicolas Éloi. Born at Triaucourt, Meuse, France, Dec. 1, 1767: died Oct. 3, 1832. A French cla ical scholar. He was appointed profe or of Latin poetry in the Faculty of Letters, Paris, in 1811, of which he became dean in 1825. After the Restoration he undertook, as chief editor, the publication of the "Bibliotheca cla ic a latina," a series of Latin authors, which he did not live to complete. Lemaître (lė-mātr'), Frédéric. Born at Havre, France, July 21,1800: died at Paris, Jan. 26,1876. A noted French actor. He studied two years at the Conservatoire, but made his first public appearance on four feet as the lion in a poor melodrama, "Pyrame et Thisbé," owing to the fact that the Odéon refused to engage him though he was backed by Talma. He made slow progre , but in 1823, being cast for the melodramatic part of Robert Le March ant (lė mär-shon'), John Gaspard. Born in Guernsey, 1766: killed at the battle of Salamanca, July 22, 1812. An English soldier, made major-general in 1810. He served in Flanders 1793-94; was governor of the Royal Military College 18011810; and commanded a brigade of cavalry in the Penin sula 1810-12. Le March ant, Sir John Gaspard. Born 1803: died at London, Feb. 6, 1874. A son of Major Lenæa An English journalist, dramatist, and novelist, one of the founders and the first editor of "Punch" (1843-70). Among his numerous plays are "Hearts are Trumps," "Lost and Won," "Self-Accusation," and "Love and War." He also wrote a number of fairy tales, and published a "jest-book" in 1867. Lemonnier (le-mo-nyā'), Pierre Charles. Born at Paris, Nov. 23, 1715: died near Bayeux, France, 1799. A French astronomer. Lemos, Count of. See Fernandez de Castro And rade y Portugal , Pedro . Le Moyne (le mwän'), Antoine, Sieur de Chateauguay. Born at Montreal, July 7, 1683: died at Rochefort, France, March 21, 1747. A French Canadian commander, son of Charles Le Moyne. He served under Iberville against the English 1705-06; was made commandant of the troops in Louisiana in 1717, and king's lieutenant of the colony in 1718; was governor o Martin i que 1727-44; and became governor of Isle Royale Le Moyne, Charles, Sieur de Longueuil. Borr or Cape Breton, in 1745. in Normandy, France, 1626: died at Villemarie, Canada, 1683. A French pioneer in Canada. He distinguished himself in the border warfare against the Iroquois and the English, and was ennobled by Louis XIV. in 1668. ant-general in 1864. He was lieutenant-governor of Newfoundland 1847-52, and of Nova Scotia 1852-57; governor of Malta 1859–64; and commander-in-chief at Madras 1865-68. Lemberg (lem'berg), Polish Lwów (lvöv). [L. Leopolis , F. Léopol .] The capital of Galicia, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Peltew in lat. 49° 51′ N., long. 24° E. Its trade is important. It is an archiepiscopal see of the Roman Catholic, Armenian, and United Greek churches, and has cathedrals of these churches. It also contains a university, a polytechnic institution, and O olinski's National Institute. It was founded in the 13th century; conquered by Casimir the Great of Poland in 1340; besieged by the Co acks in 1648, and by the Turks in 1672; taken by Swedes in 1704; an nexed by Austria in 1772; and bombarded in the outbreak Lemercier (le-mer-sya'), Jacques. Born at Pontoise about 1585: died at Paris, 1660. A celebrated French architect. In 1618 he was appointed architect du roi, and in 1620 he rebuilt the bridge at Rouen. In 1624 he took charge of the works at the Louvre, which had not advanced beyond the constructions of 1848. Population (1900), 159,618. of Pierre Lescot: these he doubled on the western and southern sides, quadrupling the intended size of the court. In the middle of the western side he built the Pavillon d'Orloge, crowned by the famous caryatids of Jacques Sarrozin. In 1627 he constructed the Château de Lilly. He was the favorite architect of Richelieu, and in 1629 built the Palais Richelieu, later developed into the Palais Royal. About the same time also he built the church and buildings of the Sorbonne. He superseded François Mansart as architect of the Church of Val de Grâce. In 1636, with Salomon de Bro e, he built the lanterns of the cathedral of Troyes. In 1652 he succeeded Clément Metezeau at the Or a to ire at Paris, and in 1653 he built the choir and part of the nave of St. Roche. Lemercier, Louis Jean Nepomucène. Born at Paris, April 21, 1771: died June 7,1840. A French poet and dramatist. He wrote a number of plays, among which are "Tartuffe révolutionnaire" (1795), "Agamemnon" (produced 1794), "Ophis"(1798), "Charlemagne," "Baudouin," "St. Louis," etc. Among his poems are "Pan hypocrisiade, ou la comédie infernale du seizième siècle" (1819), "Les âges français," etc. Lémery (lam-rē'), Nicolas. Born at Rouen, France, Nov. 17, 1645: died at Paris, June 19, 1715. A noted French chemist, author of "Cours de chimie" (1675), etc. Lemgo (lem'gō). A town in the principality of Lippe, Germany, 41 miles southwest of Hannover. It has manufactures of meerschaum pipes. Population (1890), 7,290. Lemnos (lem'nos), mod. Limno (lim'no), or Limni (lēm'nē), It. Stalimene (stä-le-mā'ne). [Gr. Λήμνος.] An island in the Ægean Sea, belonging to Turkey, situated in lat. 39° 50′ N., long. 25° 20′ E. Chief town, Kastro. The surface is hilly. It was long famous for its earth ("terra sigillata Lemnia"). It was sacred to Hephæstus in ancient times; was conquered by Miltiades; and was in 1657 асquired by the Turks from the Venetians. Length, about 20 miles. Population, about 20,000 (mainly Greeks). The myth ran that in Lemnos at the time of the Argonautic expedition there were no males, the women having revenged their ill-treatment upon the men by murdering them all. The Argonauts touched at the island, and were received with great favour. They stayed some months, and the subsequent population of the island was the fruit of this visit. Hypsipyle, the queen, had twin sons by Jason. Sophocles wrote a tragedy, which is lost, upon this piece of ancient story. Rawlinson , Herod., III. 116. Lemoine. See Le Moyne . Lemoine (le-moin'), Henry. Born at London, Jan. 14, 1756: died there, April 30, 1812. An English bookseller and writer. He published "Typographical Antiquities: the History, Origin, and Progre of the Art of Printing, etc.” (1797), etc. Lemoine, Jean Baptiste. See Bienville . no impre ion, he conceived the idea of playing it as a at Montreal, 10, 1656: died at Montreal, June 8, 1729. A French-Canadian commander, son of Charles Le Moyne. He was made governor of Montreal and created a baron in 1700; became commandant-general of Canada in 1711, and governor of Three Rivers in 1720; and was reappointed governor of Montreal in 1724. Le Moyne, Jacques, Sieur de Sainte-Hélène. Born at Villemarie, Canada, April 16, 1659: died at Quebec, Oct., 1690. A French-Canadian officer, son of Charles Le Moyne. He was one of the leaders of the expedition which captured and plundered Schenectady in 1690. He fell mortally wounded at the moment of victory, while defending the pa age of the St. Charles against the British admiral Phips. Le Moyne, Joseph, Sieur de Serigny. Born at Montreal, July 22, 1668: died at Rochefort, France, 1734. A French naval officer, son of Charles Le Moyne. He was made governor of Rochefort in 1723. Le Moyne, Paul, Sieur de Mar i court. Born at Montreal, Dec. 15, 1663: killed March 21, 1704. A French-Canadian commander, son of Charles Le Moyne. Le Moyne, Pierre. See Iberville . Lempa (lem'pä). A river in San Salvador, Central America, flowing into the Pacific about 40 miles southeast of San Salvador. Length, about 200 miles. Lemprière (lem-prēr'), John. Born in Jersey about 1765: died at London, Feb. 1, 1824. An English cla ical scholar. He became a istant master of the grammar-school at Reading in 1788; was master of the grammar-school at Abingdon 1792-1808; and later published "Bibliotheca Cla ic a, or a Cla ical Diction ary, etc." (1788), etc. Lemuel (lem'u-el). [Heb.: etym. unknown.] An unknown king mentioned in Prov. xxx i. 1, 4. The rabbinical commentators identified him with Solomon. Lemuria (le-mu'ri-ä). Sclater's name for a land supposed to have formerly existed in the Indian Ocean, connecting Madagascar, the peninsula of India, and Sumatra. Lena (lē'nä; Ru . pron. lā-nä'). One of the chief rivers of Siberia. It rises near Lake Baikal, flows northeast and north, and empties by a delta into the Arctic Ocean about lat. 72°-73° N. Yakutsk is on its banks, and the chief tributaries are the Vitim, Vilui, and Aldan. Its delta was noted in the De Long expedition, and is also famous for its mammoth ivory. Length, about 2,800 miles. Lenæa (le-nē'ä). [Gr. Λήναια.] The "feast of vats," an ancient Greek festival in honor of Dionysus. It was held at Athens in the month Game lion (Jan.-Feb.), at the Lenæum. There was a great public feast, and then the people went in proce ion, with jesting and mockery, to the theater. Fragments of lists of dramatic authors, and their victories, are still being found about the acropolis and the theatre at Athens, and from the publications of them by Komanudes in the A then a i on , Bergk has endeavoured to reconstruct the chronology of the drama. His conclusions have been contested by Köhler, and are as yet uncertain. But he has probably established this much, that while the tragic contests were carried on at the greater Dionysia, in the city, and in spring time, and recorded since about 01. 64, the winter feast of the Lenæa in the suburbs was originally devoted to comedy, which was not recognised by the state till about Ol. 79. In Ol. 84 new regulations were introduced, probably by Pericles, according to which tragic contests were established at the Lenæa, and comio admitted to the greater Dionysia. From this time both kinds of contests were carried on at both feasts, and in the great theatre. But as the Lenæa was only a home feast, and not attended by strangers, a victory gained there was by no means of the same importance as a victory before the great concourse of citizens and visitors in the spring, and consequently they were separately catalogued.