The extraordinary form of Sully's Memoirs is well known

They neither written if by himself, him as by a historian of the usual kind. They are directly addre ed to the hero in the form of an elaborate reminder of his own actions: "You then said this"; "his Majesty thereupon sent you there"; "when you were two leagues from your halting-place, you saw a courier coming," etc. It is needle to say that this manner of telling history is in the highest degree unnatural and heavy; and, after the first quaintne of it wears off, it makes the book very hard to read. It contains, however, a very large number of short memoirs and documents of all kinds, in which the elabo rate farce of "Vous" is perforce abandoned. It shows Sully as he was a great and skilful statesman; but it does not give a pleasant idea of his character. Saints bury , French Lit., p. 254. Sully, James. Born at Bridgwater, Somersets hire, 1842. An English psychologist. He was educated at the Regent's Park College, London, the Uni. versity of Göttingen, and the University of London. His works include "Sensation and Intuition" (1874), "Pe imism" (1877), "Illusions" (1881), "Outlines of Psychology, with Special Reference to the Theory of Education" (1884), "The Teachers' Handbook of Psychology" (1886), the tics," with G. C. Robertson (1888), "The Human Mind" (1892). Sully, Thomas. Born at Horn castle, Lincoln shire, England, 1783: died at Philadelphia, Nov. 5, 1872. An American portrait-painter. Among his best-known works are "Washington Cro ing the Delaware" (in Boston), portraits of Jefferson, Lafayette, Madison, and Jackson, etc. Sully-Prudhomme (sü-lē'prü - dom'), René François Armand. Born at Paris, March 16, 1839. A French poet and critic, elected member of the Academy in 1881. He has published "Poésies" (1865), "Les épreuves" (1866), "Les solitudes" (1869), "Les destins" (1872), "Les vaines tendre es" (1875), "La justice" (1878), "Le prisme" (1886), etc. He has also published "L'Expre ion dans les beaux arts"(1884), "Reflections sur l'art des vers" (1892). A general edition of his works was published 1883-84. Sulmo (sul'mō). The ancient name of Solmona. Sulphur Fork (of the Red River). A river in northeastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas, which joins the Red River near the southwest corner of Arkansas. Length, about 180 miles. Sulphur Island. A small island in the North Pacific, north of the Loochoo group. Sulpicians, or Sulpitians (sul-pish'ianz). [From F. Sulpicien , the parish of St. Sulpice in Paris, where they were first organized.] A Roman Catholic order of priests, established at Paris by the Abbé Olier, about 1645, for the purpose of training young men for the clerical office. Sulpicius Rufus (sul-pish'ius rö'fus), Publius. Born 124 в. с.: killed 88 в. с. A Roman orator. As tribune of the plebs he was put to death by the party of Sulla. None of his orations are extant. Sultanpur (sul-tan-pör'). 1. A district in Oudh, British India, intersected by lat. 27° N., long. 82° E. Area, 1,710 square miles. Population (1891), 1,075,851.-2. The capital of the district of Sultanpur, situated on the Gumti 80 miles southeast of Lucknow. Population (1881), 9,374. Sulu (sö-lö'). A sultanate in the northeastern part of Borneo. Part of it was ceded to the British North Borneo Company about 1880. Sulu. 1. The chief island of the Sulu Archipelago.-2. The chief town of the Sulu Archipelago. Sulu, or Sooloo (sö-lö ́), Islands. An archipelago lying northeast of Borneo and southwest of Mindanao (in the Philippine Islands). The inhabitants are Malays and Mohammedans. It was annexed by Spain about 1878. It was long notorious for piracy. Area, about 950 square miles. Population, 75,000. Sulzbacher Alps (zölts'bäch-er alps). Same as Steiner Alps . Sulzer (zölts'er), Johann Georg. Born at Winterthur, Switzerland, Oct. 5, 1720: died at Berlin, Feb. 27, 1779. A Swi -Pru ian philosopher and writer on esthetics. His chief work is "All gem eine Theorie der schönen Künste" ("General Theory of the Fine Arts"). Sumatra (sö-mä'trä). The second largest isl. and of the Malay Archipelago, situated west and south of the Malay Peninsula, from which it is separated by the Strait of Malacca, and separated from Java on the southeast by the Strait of Sunda. It is traversed by a range of mountains (highest point, Indrapura, about 12,500 feet), and has many volcanoes; contains mineral wealth; produces coffee, pepper, sugar, rice, etc.; and is chiefly under the control of the Netherlands. Administrative divisions: West Coast, East Coast, Palembang, Benkulen, Lampongs, and Atjeh. The inhabitants are chiefly Malays: among other peoples are the Battaks. The religion is largely Mohammedan. Dutch influence began in the 17th century: Dutch territories in Sumatra were taken by the British 1811, but restored (last English po e ion, Benkulen, ceded 1825). War against Atchin commenced 1873, and ended with the subjugation and annexation of Atchin. Length, 1,100 miles. Area, 170,744 square miles. Population, about 3,000,000. Sumba. See Sandalwood Island . Sumbawa (söm-bä'wä). One of the Sunda Islands, Malay Archipelago, situated east of Lombok and west of Flores. The surface is mountainous and volcanic. The island contains several native states, under Dutch control. It was devastated by an eruption in 1815. Area, estimated, about 5,186 square miles. Population, 150,000. Sumbe (söm'be), or Basumbe (bä-söm'be). A Bantu tribe of Angola, West Africa, settled around Novo Redondo, about lat. 11° S. They form one nation, linguistically and ethnically, with their southern neighbors, the Basele. Inhabiting a hilly and fertile district, they are an athletic, hardy, and industrious people furnishing the best slaves and contract laborers for the plantations of Angola and S. Thomé, and producing corn and beans for the cities along the coast. The Mbuiyi tribe, north of the Basumbe, is also closely allied, but differs in several respects. Sumbulpur. See Sambalpur . Sumer (su'mer). See Sumeria . Sumeria (sū-me'ri-ä). In the A yrian inscriptions, southern or lower Babylonia, the country toward and around the Persian Gulf, as opposed to Akkad (in Gen. x. 10 Accad as name of a city), or North Babylonia. The derivation of the name is uncertain. It is identified with Shinar (which see). Sumer is Icumen In. A very ancient folk-song set to a round or canon. The original manuscript of the music is in the British Museum. Sir Frederick Madden a igns it to the first half of the 13th century. Sumir. See Sumeria . Summa Theolog iæ (sum'a the-o-lō'ji-ē). [L., 'substance' or 'summary of theology.] 1. A theological work by Thomas A quinas.-2. A theological work by Alexander of Hales. Summer (sum'èr), or Somers (sum'èrz), Will. The jester of Henry VIII. His effigy is at Hampton Court, and his portrait, by Holbein, at Kensington. Several fools in old plays are called by his name. Summer Islands. 1. A group of small islands off the western coast of Cromarty, Scotland, about lat. 58° N.-2. See Bermudas . Summer side (sum'èr-sid). A seaport in Prince Edward Island, capital of Princes County, situated on Bedeque Bay 35 miles west-northwest of Charlotte Town. Population (1891), 2,883. Summers on (sum'er-son), Esther. The illegitimate daughter of Lady Dedlock and Captain Hawdon, and ward of Mr. Jarndyce who calls her "Dame Durden”: one of the principal characters in Dickens's "Bleak House." Summoner's or Sompnour's Tale, The. One of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales." The sompnour's busine was to summon delinquents to the ecclesiastical courts. The story is in large part from Seneca's treatise "De Ira," and is a contemptuous sketch of a hypocritical friar. Sumner (sum'nėr), Charles. Born at Boston, Jan. 6,1811: died at Washington, D. C., March 11, 1874. A noted American statesman. He was educated at the Boston Latin School and at Harvard, gradu ating in 1830; studied law at Harvard; and was admitted to the bar in 1834. He traveled in Europe 1837-40; became noted as an advocate of antislavery ideas; took an active part in politics as a Whig, and from 1848 as a Free-soiler; was an unsucce ful Free-soil candidate for Congre in 1848; was elected United States senator from Ma achusetts by Free soil and Democratic votes 1851; became a leading opponent of slavery in Congre ; was a aulted in the senate-chamber by Preston Brooks May 22, 1856; was reëlected senator as a Republican in 1857, 1863, and 1869; was absent from his seat 1856-59; became chairman of the committee on foreign affairs in 1861; and was removed from it in 1871 for his opposition to Grant's policy regard Sund Sumner, William Graham. Born at Paters on. N. J., Oct. 30, 1840. An American political economist, profe or of political and social science at Yale from 1872. He is a prominent advo cate of free trade. His works include "A History of American Currency" (1874), a life of Andrew Jackson (in "American Statesmen" series, 1882), "What Social Cla es Owe to Each Other" (1883), "Problems in Political Economy" (1884), "Protectionism" (1885), "Collected E ays" (1885). Sumter, Fort. See Fort Sumter . Sumter (sum'ter), Thomas. Born in Virginia, 1734: died near Camden, S. C., June 1, 1832. An American Revolutionary general. He was present at Braddock's defeat in 1755; was appointed lieutenant-colonel of a regiment of South Carolina riflemen in 1776; became a leading partizan commander in 1780, defeating the Tories at Hanging Rock Aug. 6, but was repulsed by the British regulars under Tarleton; was defeated by Tarleton at Fishing Creek Aug. 18; and defeated Tarletor. at Black stock Hill Nov. 20. He was member of Congre from South Carolina 1789-93; United States senator 18011809; and United States minister to Brazil 1809-11. Sumy (sö'me). A town in the government of Kharkoff, southern Ru ia, situated on the Psiol 106 miles northwest of Kharkoff. It is an important trading center for the Ukraine. Population, 19,818. Sun (sun). The central body of the solar system, around which the earth and other planets revolve, retained in their orbits by its attraction, and supplied with energy by its radiance. Its mean distance from the earth is a little le than 93 millions of miles, its horizontal parallax being 8."80. Its mean apparent diameter is 32' 4"; its real diameter 866,500 miles (109) times that of the earth). Its volume is therefore a little more than 1,300,000 times that of the earth. Its ma that is, the quantity of matter in it-is 330,000 times as great as that of the earth, and is about 900 times as great as the united ma es of all of the planets. The force of gravity at the sun's surface is nearly 28 times as great as at the earth's surface. The sun's mean density is only one fourth that of the earth, or le than 11⁄2 times that of water. By means of the spots its rotation can be determined. It is found that the sun's equator is inclined 71° to the plane of the ecliptic. The sun's visible surface is called the photosphere, and is made up of minute irregularly rounded "granules," intensely brilliant, and apparently floating in a darker medium. These are usually 400 or 500 miles in diameter, and so distributed in streaks and groups as to make the surface, seen with a low-power telescope, look much like rough drawing-paper. In the neighborhood of the sun-spots, and to some extent upon all parts of the sun, faculæ (bright streaks due to an unusual crowding together and upheaval of the granules of the photosphere) are found. At the time of a total eclipse certain scarlet cloud-like objects are usually observed projecting beyond the edge of the moon. These are the prominences, protuberances, which in 1868 were proved by the spectroscope to consist mainly of hydrogen, and have been discovered to be merely extensions from an envelop of incandescent gases which overlies the photosphere like a sheet of scarlet flame, and is known as the chromosphere. The thickne of this is very irregular, but averages about 5,000 miles. The prominences are often from 50,000 to 100,000 miles in height, and occasionally exceed 200,000: they are le permanent than the spots, and their changes and motions are correspondingly swift. They are not confined to limited zones of the sun's surface: those of the greatest brilliance and activity are, however, usually connected with spots, or with the facule which attend the spots. The corona - the most impre ive feature of a total eclipse - is a great "glory," of irregular outline, surround. ing the sun, and composed of nebulous rays and streams which protrude from the solar surface, and extend sometimes to a distance of several millions of miles, especially in the plane of the sun's equator. The lower parts are intensely bright, but the other parts are faint and indefinite. Its real nature, as a true solar appendage and no mere optical or atmospheric phenomenon, has been abundantly demonstrated by both the spectroscope and the camera. The sun is believed to be, in the main, a ma of intensely heated gas and vapor, powerfully compre ed by its own gravity. The central part is entirely gaseous, because its temperature, being from physical nece ity higher than that of the inclosing photosphere, is far above the so-called "critical point" for every known element: no solidification, no liquefaction even, can therefore occur in the solar depths. But near the outer surface radiation to space is nearly free, the temperature is lowered to a point below the "critical point" of certain substances, and under the powerful pre ure due to solar gravity condensation of the vapors begins, and thus a sheet of incandescent cloud is formed, which constitutes the photosphere. The chromosphere consists of the permanent gases and the uncondensed vapors which overlie the cloud-sheet, while the corona still remains in great degree a mystery, as rewhich produce and arrange its streamers. Sunapee Lake (sun'a-pē lāk). A lake in New Hampshire, 27 miles west-northwest of Concord. Its outlet is through Sugar River into the Connecticut. Length, 8 miles. An American general. He served in the Black Hawk war: was distinguished as a cavalry commander at Cerro Gordo and Molino del Rey in 1847; was governor of New Mexico 1851-53; commanded the Department of the Pa cific in 1861; was a corps commander at Fair Oaks, in the Seven Days' Battles, at Antietam; and commanded a grand division at Fred ericks burg. He was appointed to the command of the Department of the Mi ouri in 1863. Sumner, John Bird. Born at Kenilworth, England, 1780: died at London, Sept. 6, 1862. An English prelate. He became bishop of Chester in 1828, "Records of Creation" (1816), "Evidence of Christianity" (1824), etc. and archbishop of Canterbury in 1848. He published Sunart (sun'ärt), Loch. An arm of the ocean on the coast of Argylls hire, western Scotland, situated north of Mull. Length, 194 miles. Sunbury (sun'bu-ri). A village in Middle sex, England, situated on the Thames 16 miles west southwest of London. Population (1891), 5,677. Sunbury. The capital of North umber land County, Pennsylvania, situated on the Susquehanna 42 miles north of Harris burg. Population (1890), 5,930, Sund. See Sound , The . Sunda, Strait of Sunda (sun'da), Strait of.