CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE

[s. 177] : History In the summer of 1887 the Christ i a’n: and the International Mi ionary Alliance were formed at Old Orchard, Me., “for the purpose of uniting in a purely fraternal alliance, members of evangelical churches who believe in the Lord Jesus as Savior, Sanctifier, Healer and coming Lord, and also of uniting their effort in the special aggre ive work of world-wide evanAlliance gel i zati on.” The Christian Alliance was formed special basis of this “Fourfold Gospel.’’ upon the It is not an ecclesiastical body, does not organize distinct truths abroad the spreading churches, but aims at on which it is based. Its chief methods of work are through local conventions and its printed publications. An important branch of its work at home is the formation of Rescue Mi ions. The International Mi ionary Alliance had tor object”the immediate evangelization of the whole world by sending mi ionaries to unoccuThe movement went pied and neglected fields.” on quietly and at the end of three years centers of work were established in India, Africa, China and Palestine. These two societies were united into its the Christian and Mi ionary Alliance in 1897. “The Chri-stian Alliance formed the sustaining constituency of the mi ionary work, and the Mi ionary Alliance was the natural outlet of Christian and Mi ionary CliriNtian Mi ions 160 the faith, love and activity of the Christian Alliance.” //. Organization: A central board of managers meets regularly for the transaction of busine and has the oversight of the entire work. It consists of 24 members, elected triennially, one-third 8 stations in and around Wu-hu, 1 at Wu-chang. In 1897 a station was established in Hunan and in 1899 Nan-ling-h’sien was occupied and a training school for women opened. Western China was occupied in 1896, and has 4 stations, one being within the borders of Tibet. In 1899 retiring every year. the Tibet station was destroyed by a mob, but was again opened. The Swedish China and Mongolia Mi ion was opened in 1893 at Kwei-h’wa as The officers include a President, General Secretary, Superintendent of the Home Field, Superintendent of Mi ions, Treasurer, Financial Secreand “various other executive officers.” Auxiliaries and branches are formed under a strong State Committee, with a State or District Superintendent in charge of the field, while in each locality there are local branches under the care of a Committee and Superintendent as far as tary po ible. The work is promoted by means of numerous conventions held in all parts of the country, the largest being at Old Orchard, Me. Nyack, N. Y., and New York City. The work is sustained through voluntary contributions. in. Institutional Work: The Gospel Tabernacle, New York City, is an independent church, incorporated by special charter under the laws of the State of New York, and intimately connected with *,he Alliance, organized in 1881. The New York Mi ionary Training Institute, founded in 1882, in connection with the Gospel Tabernacle, removed, in 1897, to South Nyack, N. Y. It is a coeducational school for the training of young men and women, who, with little or no education, consider themselves called of God to mi ionary work. Special attention is paid to the equipment of foreign mi ionaries and securing their adaptability to their various fields of labor. The Beulah Park Summer School is maintained from June to September, the course of study being similar to that of the Nyack Institute. The Berachah Home, established in 1884 for the purpose of offering a place of rest and instruction with reference to physical and spiritual life, with particular attention to divine healing, which is a principal tenet of the Christian Alliance, is now located at Nyack, N. Y., while the house in New York is continued as the “Alliance Home.” IV. Mi ions: Palestine: A station was established (1). at Jerusalem in 1890 by Mi Lucy Dunn, who for a year carried on evangelistic work among the Jews. Reen for cements were sent out and Jaffa was occupied and the work extended to the Arab tribes near the town. In 1895, a mi ion was established at Safed in Galilee, chiefly for Mohammedans. In 1898 a training school was opened at Jaffa for the training of Bible women and teachers. Village work is carried on from Hebron as a center. There are (1902) 3 stations and 5 mi ionaries. India: There are four principal centers of (2). work, with headquarters at Bombay. The oldest station is at Akola, in the Berar Province, where the CA took up the “Faith Mi ion” established in 1886 by the Rev. M. B. Fuller; there are now 8 stations and 25 workers; Khandesh has 4 stations and 8 workers; Gujerat, 5 stations and 20 workers. The work consists of preaching services, evangelistic tours, and house to house visitation. Schools, orphanages and widows’ homes have been established and churches organized. There are (1902) 22 stations and 53 mi ionaries. China: The first station was opened at (3). Wu-hu, in Central China, in 1890. Now there are headquarters. This mi ion forms a chain of stations near the great Chinese wall from Kalgan in the east, several hundred miles westward in North China, and includes the Mongolian Mi ion, with headquarters at Kalgan City. The North China Mi ion has in Peking the strongest part of work among women. Evangelistic work is carried on, and schools have been established. At Tientsin work has been begun among the English-speaking Chinese, and a native church of young men has been organized; a mi ionary society has been formed, which supports native its workers in all foreign lands. the provinces of China and in South China was entered in 1892, with Canton as headquarters. Two years later Macao was occupied. In 1895 the first opening was made in a humble village acro the river from what is now Tung-tsun station. In 1896 Lo-ting was occupied, and the following year stations were organized at Wu-chow and Kwai-peng. In 1898 Nan-wing was occupied and a ladies’ station opened at Tung-un. Village and girls’ schools have been established and a training school opened. There are (1902) 18 stations and 41 mi ionaries. Africa; Sudan Mi ion: There are 5 sta(4). tions: Free town, the capital of the British Colony of Sierra Leone; Magbele, in the same colony, 55 miles inland; Ro Bethel, in the same colony, 20 miles farther inland; Makomp, also in Sierra Leone, 125 miles inland, and Tubabudugo, 225 miles inland, among the Kuranko tribe on the N. E. border of the colony. The Kuranko people have been evangelized to a great extent from the last station and portions of the Scriptures have been translated into their language. Village and school work is carried on and a systematic itineracy established, which includes about 40 towns. Congo: There are 4 principal stations and 3 outstations. Boma, the receiving and transport station, has many coast people, and services are held in English, while a school is established for their children. The other three stations are also on the lower Congo. School and station work is carried on by the natives under instruction, and evangelistic and medical work by the mi ionaries. There are (1902) 11 stations and 39 mi ionaries. (5). South America: The headquarters for the CA work are in Argentina, with its 4,000,000 Other stations are at Caracas, Venezuela, where native agents are employed in the outlying people. districts. Brazil has 1 station and 1 mi ionary; Chile, 2 stations and 4 mi ionaries; 2 stations are in Ecuador, where the Roman Catholic influence is very corrupt. In Bolivia, a single mi ionary making evangelistic tours throughout the counT he principal work in all the Alliance mi ions is evangelistic. Books, papers and tracts are sold and distributed. There are in South America (1903) 6 stations and 18 mi ionaries. is try. 161 Japan: Work was begun in a quiet man Since then the mi ion has had many vici itudes, but is now reported as talking on new and more vigorous hfe. The headquarters are at Hiroshima. There are (1902) 4 (6). ner about 1894, stations and 3 mi ionaries. The West India Islands: Worlc has been (7). begun in three of the West India Islands: in Jamaica (at Devon), in Haiti, and in San DoAn independent Alliance work has min go.;grown up in the city of San Juan, Porto Rico. Steps are now being taken by the CA toward work in the Philippine Islands. The first publication of the Society was the Gospel in All Lands. Afterward the Word, Work and World was established, which was later merged into the present organ, the Christian and Mi ionary Alliance Weekly. Another important publication is the Alliance Colportage Library of books setting forth the teachings of the Alliance, principally on Divine Healing and the Second Coming of Christ. The Alliance has its own printing establishment at Nyack, N. Y. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA (Society for the Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge among the Chinese, 1887) The founder of this Society was the Rev. Alexander Williams on, LL.D,, of the United Presby- He was a terian (Scotland) Mi ion, in China. man of exceptional abilities, who went to China in the 50’s and died in 1890. In 1887 the Society was formally organized in Shanghai, by the mi ionaries, its object being the publication and circulation among the Chinese of The “literature based on Christian principles.” Christian Literature Society for China was formed in Glasgow and Edinburgh in 1892, chiefly with the view of supporting this diffusion society. The two societies are thus practically one, and for convenience are generally spoken of as such. Its workers belong to all the leading mi ionary Its editorial societies of England and America. staff is composed of six men, representing the American M. E. (South), the English Wesley an,, Canadian Presbyterian, Church of England, General Evangelical German, and the English Baptist Mi ions. All these workers are devoting all or most of their time to the work of translating or preparing original work in the Chinese language. The chief magazine of the Society is The Review of the Times. It also publishes the Chinese Mi ionary Review. The great reform movement of China in 1895-98 was largely due to the influence of the publications of this Society, which were read by the Emperor and the leading ministers and viceroys of the Emperor. It was largely through the influence of the General Secretary, the Rev. Timothy Richard, D.D., LL.D., that a coUege for Western learning was founded in the capital of Shan-si. In 1900, in consultation with the Educational A ociation of China, Dr. Richard drew up a general scheme of education for China, which was circulated in Chinese among the leading viceroys and governors. To the wisdom and ability of its secretary no little of the succe of the Society is due. In 1902, besides making free grants of smaller pamphlets to the value of $2,400 (Mexican) for distribution to the 100,000 students a embled periodically in the capitals of the maritime provinces of China, publications to the value of 162,685 (Mexican) were sold. Chrlstlnn and Mi ionary CliriMtiaii iHiHMtuiis The members of the editorial staff are supported by the mi ionary societies which they represent. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR INDIA (formerly Christian Vernacular Education Society for India, 1858) The need of evangelical literature for the converts in the mi ions of India, Ceylon and Burma led to the formation of this Society in 1858. Its object is to train native teachers, instruct heathen children and publish Christian literature, the latter being its principal work. The publications of the Society fall under two: heads: school books and general Christian literature. They have in the various languages 264 school books catalogd, some of which are so widely used that there is a steady demand for over 50,000 copies each, annually, the books being used in the schools of over forty mi ionary societies. In supplying these school books the Society not only puts the thin edge of the Christian wedge into the secular schools of India, but receives from sale of the books a considerable profit which helps in the other branches of its work. For many years the Society has published annually, in the various languages of India, more boolcs than all other societies put together. Since its foundation, the Society has i ued in eighteen languages 2,601 publications averaging 131 pages, and of these, 26,417,000 copies have been circulated, and for some years the output has steadily increased. In 1859 the Madras Auxiliary was organized, and no one man has had so much to do with the development of a Christian literature for all cla es of people as its veteran secretary, John Murdoch, LL.D. In 1860 a second au.xiliary was organized in Ceylon and a woman’s auxiliary There are (1901) 3 stations and 27 out in 1896. stations, 5 mi ionaries and 69 native helpers, 1 high school, with 89 students, 135 day schools, with 8,110 pupils. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS, England (1827) The mi ion work of the denomination commonly known as Plymouth Brethren, but in its own preference called simply “The Brethren,” was begun in 1827, the main object being “to spread Mi ions the Gospel and build up churches.” have been established in Europe as well as in non-Christian mi ion fields as follows: (1903) Europe: Belgium, 2 stations and 4 mi ionaries; France, 3 stations and 5 mi ionaries; Austria, 1 station and 2 mi ionaries; Rumania, 1 station and 4 mi ionaries; Spain, 17 stations and 51 mis: sionaries; Italy, 5 stations and 11 mi ionaries. Asia: India (1836), 21 stations and 74 mi ionaries; Straits Settlements (1866) and Malay Peninsular (1900), 6 stations and 37 mi ionaries; Laos (1866), 1 station and 2 mi ionaries; Borneo, 1 station and 2 mi ionaries; China (1885), 14 stations and 55 mi ionaries; Japan (1888), 1 station and 2 mi ionaries. Africa: Algeria, 4 stations and 10 mi ionaries; Morocco, 1 station and 2 mi ionaries; Central Africa (1881), 7 stations and 39 mi ionaries; South Africa, 2 stations and 4 mi ionaries. America: Mexico (1890), 2 stations and 4 mi ionaries; British Guiana, 3 stations and 15 mi ionaries; West Indies, 4 stations and 10 mi ionaries; Guatemala, 1 station and 2 mi ionaries; Venezuela, 2 stations and 3 mi ionaries; Ecua- Chrlstianshorg Clmrcll Mi ionary dor, 2 stations and 3 mi ionaries; Argentina, 4 stations and 16 mi ionaries; Chinese in U. S. A., 1 station and 2 mi ionaries. One of the best known branches of the Christian Mi ions is the Garenganze Mi ion in Central Africa, which was est a bUshed as an independent work by Mr. F. S. Arnot in 1881, and subsequently taken over oy the Brethren. Interested in Africa through the words of Living stone when very young, a strong desire to go to Africa became a realization in 1881, when he The sailed from London with Donald Graham. latter remained at Natal because of failing Maritzburg. proceeded to health, but Mr. Arnot After years of hard travel through the Zambesi and Barotse districts, finding locations suitable for Europe ans, he established several stations. Other mi ionaries went out and an evangelistic work is thoroughly established in the region of There are (1903) 5 mi ion the upper Zambesi. stations from Bihg in Angola to Lake Mweru in the Congo Free State, with 15 mi ionaries. Organ: Mi ionary Visitor, monthly. 180