Chestes

See Sastean. Chetco (chet'ko). A tribe of the Pacific division of the At hap as can stock of North American Indians. They formerly lived in nine villages along Chetco River and a tributary in Oregon, and are now on the Siletz reservation, Oregon. See At hap as can . Chetemacha. See Chit i machan . English ballad which recounts the incidents of the battle of Otter burn, though not with the exactne of the Scotch ballad "The Battle of Otter burn," which is historical. The name is variously explained. In the warfare against English settlements in France such a raid was called by the French allies of Scotland a chevauchée, and, by a common proce , that name was corrupted into Chevy Chase. It lives yet among schoolboys as a "chivy." Now, since there are in North umber land Cheviot Hills as well as an Otter burn, Chevy Chase was interpreted into the Hunting of the Cheviot. The old ballad of the "Battle of Otter burn," or "Chevy Chase" the battle of the chevauchée which was its cause - was therefore recast as, "The Hunting of the Cheviot," always with some confused sense of identity between one incident and the other. [In the oldest extant version of "Chevy Chase," the name means "the Cheviot hunting Chiapas ground." This version is in a manuscript in the Ashmo lean Collection at Oxford. It was printed by Thomas Hearne, in the year 1719, in his preface to an edition of William of Newbury's "Chronicle." Its date seems to be about 1500, and if not the original, it is much nearer to the original than the version given in Percy's "Reliques." -Note .] The battle of Otter burn is an incident minutely described by Froi art, but there is no record whatever of any similar battle that arose out of a Hunting on the Cheviots. Morley, English Writers, VI. 233. Cheyenne (shi-en'). [Pl., also Cheyennes ; from a Siouan word meaning 'enemies.'] A tribe of North American Indians that claim lands watered by the north and south forks of the Platte River. About 1800 they lived in the Black Hills and on the Cheyenne River of Dakota. They are divided into Northern or Upper Cheyennes, now on the Tongue River reservation in eastern Montana, and Southern Cheyennes, at the Cheyenne and Arapaho agency, Indian Territory. Others are at Pine Ridge agency, South Dakota, and altogether they number 3,026. See Algonquian . Cheyenne, or Sheyenne, or Shyenne. A river in North Dakota which joins the Red River of the North 12 miles north of Fargo. Length, about 350 miles. Cheyenne. The capital of Wyoming, situated in lat. 41° 7' N., long. 104° 50′ W. It is an important station on the Union Pacific and other railroads, and the headquarters of large cattle companies. Its elevation above sea-level is 6,000 feet. Population (1890), 11,690. Cheyne (chan), George. Born at Methlick, Aberdeen shire, 1671: died at Bath, April 13, 1743. A noted British physician. He wrote "A New Theory of Fevers" (1702), "Observations on the Gout" (1720), "The English Malady, Hypochondria" (1733), etc. He began and carried on the practice of his profe ion in London. Chézy (shā-zē ́), Antoine Léonard de. Born at Neuilly, France, Jan. 15, 1773: died at Paris, Aug. 31, 1832. A noted French Orientalist, author of various translations from Persian and Sanskrit, etc. Chézy, Mme. de (Wilhelmine Christ i ane von Klencke). Born at Berlin, Jan. 26, 1783: died near Geneva, 1856. A German poet and novelist, wife of A. L. de Chézy, and granddaughter of Karschin. Chézy, Wilhelm von. Born at Paris, March 21, 1806: died at Vienna, March 14, 1865. A German novelist and general writer, son of A. L. de Chézy. Chhandogya (chan-dogyä). In Sanskrit literature, an Up an is had (which see) of the Samaveda. The name means literally 'relating to the chhandogas' (meter-singers), chanters of the Samaveda, and so (as noun) their doctrine. Its object is to explain the various meanings which the sacred syllable Om (which see) may a ume in the mind of the devotee till at last the highest is reached, viz., Brahman the Absolute. Chhatisgarh (chut-tes-gär'). A division of the Central Provinces, British India, situated about lat. 20°-23° N., long. 81°-83° E. Area, 24,204 square miles. Population (1881), 3,115, 997. Chiabrera (kē-ä-bra'rä), Gabriello. Born at Savona, Italy, June 8, 1552: died at Savona, Oct. 14, 1637. An Italian lyric poet. Chiaja (ke-ä'yä), La. [It. chiaja , a dial. form,= Sicilian chiazza for piazza , place, plaza.] A fashionable drive in modern Naples, extending about a mile along the coast between the open Villa Nazionale (a public park) and hotels and other handsome buildings on the other side. It begins at the Largo Vittoria. Its full name is the "Riviera di Chiaja." Chiana (ke-änä). A river in Tuscany, Italy. It is conducted by engineering works partly into the Arno, partly into the Tiber. Chiana, Val di. The level and fruitful valley of the Chiana, near Chiusi. Chianti (kē-än'tē). A mountain group near Siena, Italy. It gives name to celebrated wines. Chiapa, Bishop of. The title of Bartolomé de las Casas, 1544-47. It is often used in speaking of him. Chiapanecs (che-ä-pä-neks'), or Chapanecs (chä-pä-neks'), or Chapas (chä'päs). [Probably from chap a , their name for the red macaw, which was the totem or emblem of the tribe.] A race of Indians formerly powerful in that part of southern Mexico which now forms the state of Chiapas. They had considerable and well built towns, practised agriculture, had made some advances in mechanic arts, and understood picture-writing. The Chiapanecs were never conquered by the Aztecs, but were easily reduced by the Spaniards. Remains of the tribe exist in central Chiapas, and still speak their own language. The Mangues of Nicaragua and the Guetares of Costa Rica seem to be ancient offshoots of this race. Chiapas (che-ä'päs). The southeasternmost state of Mexico, lying between Tabasco on the north, Guatemala on the east, the Gulf of Te Chiapas huantepec on the south, and Vera Cruz and Oaxaca on the west. The limits with Guatemala are disputed. Chiapas contains antiquities (at Palenque, etc.). Capital, San Cristóbal. Area (claimed, 1894), 29,725 square miles. Population (1893), 248,608. Chiaramonte (ke-a-ra-mon'te). A town in the province of Syracuse, Sicily, 30 miles west of Syracuse. Population, 9,000. Chiari (ke-ä're). A town in the province of Brescia, northern Italy, 14 miles west of Brescia. Here, Sept. 1, 1701, Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the French and Spaniards under Villeroi. Population, 6,000. Chiavari (ke-ä'vä-rē). A seaport in the province of Genoa, Italy, 21 miles southeast of Genoa. It has varied manufactures. Chiavenna (ke-ä-ven'nä). [L. Clavenna, G. Cläven or Clefen .] A town in the province of Sondrio, Italy, situated on the Mera at the entrance to the Val Bregaglia, in lat. 46° 19′ N., long. 9° 24' E. It is at the junction of the routes over the Splügen and Maloya. Chibchacum. See Bochica . Chibchas (cheb'chäs), or Muyscas (mö-ēs'käs). A tribe of South American Indians which, previous to the conquest, occupied the highlands east of the Magdalen a, from the head waters of that river to the Sierra Nevada de Merida. They were powerful and had attained degree of i liz at i on, living in large towns and obeying fixed though unwritten laws. They were skilful weavers, potters, and goldsmiths, and practised agriculture, planting maize, quinoa, potatoes, and cotton. Their chiefs were hereditary in the female line, had absolute power, and were treated with great ceremony. The Chibchas believed in a Supreme Being, but worshiped the sun, stars, and other natural objects. In 1537, while they were engaged in a civil war, the Spaniards under Quesada reached their country. They were quickly conquered, and those who survived enslavement and persecution adopted the Spanish language and customs. Their descendants, mixed with European blood, form a large part of the present population of Colombia. The word Chibcha , applied to this tribe, is properly the name of their language. They called themselves Muysca , i. e. 'men.' Chibokwe, or Ba-Chibokwe (bä-che-bo'kwe). See Kioko . Chicaca. See Chicas a . Chica cole. See Cicacole . Chicago (shi-kä gō). A city of Cook County, Illinois, situated on Lake Michigan in lat. 41° 50′ N., long. 87° 37′ W. It is the largest city in the State, and the second city in the United States. Its chief quarters are the North, South, and West Sides. It has a vast commerce by many railroads and by the lake, and exports wheat, meat, manufactured goods, etc. It has manufactures of lumber, iron, steel, furniture, clothing, tobacco, liquors, agricultural implements, leather, etc. Among its largest industries are beef-packing and pork packing. It is the seat of Chicago University, and of several theological seminaries and other institutions, and has important libraries and art collections. The site was visited by Marquette in 1673. Fort Dear born was built in 1804, evacuated in 1812, and rebuilt in 1816. Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837. Two you sand one hundred acres were burned, with a lo of over $190,000,000 (?), in the great fire of Oct. 8-10, 1871. Owing to its position it has been the place of meeting of many national political conventions. It was the scene of an anarchist riot (Old Hay market) May 4, 1886. The most important recent event in its history was the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, lasting from May 1 to Oct. 30. Population (1890), 1,099, 850 . Chicago, University of. An institution of learning in Chicago, situated between 56th and 59th streets. It has an endowment of $7,000,000 (contributed by Mr. J. D. Rockefeller and others). It had (1896-97) 1,881 students, 184 instructors, and a library of 290,000 volumes. Chicaneau (shë-kä-no'). One of the principal characters in the comedy "Les Plaideurs," by Racine. He is a tradesman with a mania for going to law, and is the type of the captious, litigious plaintiff, as his name implies. Chicas a (chik'a-sa), or Chickesaw (chik'e-sa). [Pl., also Chickesaws .] A large tribe or subdivision of North American Indians, chiefly of Mi i ippi. In the 18th century their villages were about Pontotoc County, and their main landing-place on the Mi i ippi River was at the present site of Memphis, Tenne ee, from which there was a trail 160 miles long to their villages. They now number about 3,500, and are at the Union agency, Indian Territory. Also Chicaca , Chicaho, Chicksaw, Chick a saw. See Muskhogean . Chichele (chich'e-le), or Chicheley (chich'e-li), Henry. Born at Higham Ferrers, North amp ton, England, about 1362: died at Canterbury, England, April 12, 1443. An English prelate, appointed archbishop of Canterbury Feb. 19, 1414. He was a graduate of Oxford, and founded All Souls' College, Oxford, 1437. known since the conquest, and have been studied in mod ern times by Charnay, Le Plonge on, and other archæologists. Le Plonge on discovered there the remarkable statue which he called Chac-mool (which see). Chi chester (chich'es-ter). [L. Ci æ Castrum, AS. Ci anceaster : the Roman Regnum, destroyed in the 5th century by Ella, and restored by his son, Ci a, king of Su ex, from whom it was named.] A city in Su ex, England, 14 miles northeast of Portsmouth. It contains a noted cathedral, for the most part a Norman building of the 12th and 13th centuries, showing many details, as the paired lancets surmounted by quatrefoils of the central tower, which might have been transported bodily from Normandy. The tall, slender spire awkwardly placed on this tower is later. The interior has double aisles and narrow nave, and very beautiful carved choir-stalls. There are Perpen dicular cloisters, and a late, detached bell-tower. The dimensions are 410 by 91 feet; width of transepts, 131; height of nave, 62. The town was refounded by Ci a in the 6th century. Population (1891), 7,842. Chi chester, Arthur. Born at Rawleigh, near Barns table, England, May, 1563: died Feb. 19, 1625. An English soldier and statesman, second son of Sir John Chi chester of Rawleigh, made Lord Chi chester of Belfast, in the Irish peerage, Feb. 23, 1613. He was appointed governor of Carrick fer gus and sergeant-major general of the English army in Ireland, and was lord deputy of Ireland from Feb. 3, 1605, to Nov. 29, 1614. After his recall he was ap pointed lord treasurer of Ireland. Chichevache (ME. chech-e-väch'; mod. F. shesh-väsh'). [ME., as if from an OF. * chic he vac he , lean cow (from chic he , poor, lean, and vac he (L. vacca), a cow); but this is a perversion of the OF. form chic he face, chinche face (also chin chef ache , simulating vac he , a cow), lit. 'ugly face.'] A fabled beast which devoured patient and submi ive wives. The fable, of Old French origin, became a favorite with Middle English writers, who made the beast a lean cow (see etymology), and ascribed her leanne to the scarcity her peculiar diet. They added another beast named Bicorne ( By corne) (literally, 'two-horned'), who lived only on patient and submi ive husbands, and was in consequence always fat. Lydgate wrote a poem called "Bycorne and Chiche vac he. IMG:content-0289.png:[blocks in formation] Chichimecs (che-che-māks'), or Chichi me cas, or Chichi me cos. [Nahuatl of Mexico: derivation doubtful, but po ibly from chichiltic , red, and mecayotl , generation.] An ancient term used to designate in disc rim in at indiscriminately wild and dangerous tribes of Indians. It was also an honorific title, any warrior who distinguished himself by particular ferocity being termed a chichimecatl . The name has remained in American Spanish. Misunderstood folk-lore has given rise to the belief in the immigration into Mexico of a numerous tribe of barbarians under this name at some very ancient time. Chick (chik), Mrs. Louisa. Mr. Dombey's sister in Charles Dickens's "Dombey and Son," a weak and self-satisfied woman who urged the fading Mrs. Dombey to "make an effort." Chick a hominy (chik-a-hom'i-ni). A river in Virginia which joins the James about 40 miles southeast of Richmond. Length, about 75 miles. Near it were fought the battles of Fair Oaks, Mechanicsville, Gaines's Mill, Savage's Station, and Frayser's Farm, 1862; and Cold Harbor, 1864. See Fair Oaks , Seven Days ' Battles, Cold Harbor. Chick a hominy, Battles of the. See Seven Days Battles, Fair Oaks . Chick am aug a (chik-a-mag a). A small river which joins the Tenne ee about 7 miles above Chattanooga. Near it, Sept. 19, 20, 1863, the Confederates (about 50,000) under Bragg defeated the Federals (55,000-60,000) under Rose crans. Lo of the Federals, 15,851; of the Confederates, 17,804. Chick am aug a, Rock of. A name given to Gen eral Thomas, commander of the Federal left wing at Chick am aug a, for his stubborn defense of his position in that battle. Chick a saws. See Chicas a . Chick a saw Bluffs (chik'a-så blufs), or Bayou (bi'ö). A place near Vicksburg, Mi i ippi. pulsed by the Confederates. Lo of the Federals, 1,929; Here, Dec, 29, 1862, the Federals under Sherman were re of the Confederates, 207. Chicken stalker (chik'en-sta-ker), Mrs. An square and still 70 The Chichen Itza ruins are connected with ancient Maya traditions. They have been Chiclana (che-klä'nä). A town in the province Child, Mrs. of Cadiz, Spain, 12 miles southeast of Cadiz, Population (1887), 12,348. Chicomecoatl (che-kō-me-kō-ätl'). ['Seven serpents.'] In Mexican (Nahuatl) mythology, the godde of abundance and provisions. By some she has been identified with Centoatl, the godde of maize: both were worshiped at the period of sowing, and offerings of fruits and seeds were made to them. Chicomoztoc (che-kō-mōth-tok'). [Nahuatl, lit. 'seven caves.'] A mythical place where the various branches of the Nahuatl tribe are said to have come out of the center of the earth, or to have separated. The tradition is not quite clear in regard to the real mythological significance of the spot. Chicopee (chik'ō-pē). A town of Hampden County, Ma achusetts, situated at the junction of the Chicopee River with the Connecticut, 4 miles north of Springfield. It has manufactures of cotton goods, arms, cutlery, etc. Population (1890), 14,050. Chiemsee (chem'zā). The largest lake in Bavaria, 40 miles southeast of Munich, noted for its fish. Its outlet is the Alz (into the Inn, thence to the Danube). Length, 7 miles. Chieri (ké-a'rē). A town in the province of Turin, Italy, 8 miles southeast of Turin: the ancient Carea. It has a noted Gothic church. It was a medieval republic. Population, 9,000. Chieti (ke-a'te). 1. A province of eastern Italy, formerly called Abruzzo Citeriore. Area, 1,138 square miles. Population (1891), 348,805. -2. The capital of the province of Chieti, Italy, in lat. 42° 20′ N., long. 14° 10′ E.: the ancient Teate Marrucinorum. The order of the Teatines was founded here in the 16th century. Population (1891), commune, 25,000. Chiffinch (chif'finch), Master Thomas. drinking and intriguing minister to the pleasures of King Charles, in Scott's novel "Peveril of the Peak." Chifu, or Chefoo (che-fö'), native Yen-tai. A seaport town in the province of Shantung, China, in lat. 37° 32′ N., long. 121° 22′ E. It is a distributing center of foreign manufactured goods, and exports straw braid, pulse, and silk. A convention between China and Great Britain was signed here in 1876. Population, 32,500. Chigi, Fabio. See Alexander VII., Pope. Chignecto Bay (shig-nek'tō bā). An arm at Chigwell (chig'wel). A parish in the county the head of the Bay of Fundy. of E ex, England, northeast of London. Chihli (che-lē). A province of northern China, lying between Mongolia on the north, the Gulf of Chihli and Shantung on the east, Shantung and Honan on the south, and Shansi on the west. Chief cities, Peking, Tientsin, and Paotingfu. Area, 58,949 square miles. Population, 17,937,000. Chihli, Gulf of. See Petchili . Chihuahua (che-wä'wä). 1. A state of northern Mexico, lying between New Mexico and Texas on the north, Coahuila on the east, Durango on the south, and Sonora and Sinaloa on the west. It is traversed by the Sierra Madre, and is rich in mineral wealth, especially silver. Area, 89,278 square miles. Population (1893), 246,740. 2. The capital of the state of Chihuahua, in lat. 28°40′ N., long. 106°30′ W. It was founded in 1706. It contains a cathedral. Population (1892), about 25,000. Chikishliar (che-kesh-lyär'). A port in the Trans cas pian Territory of Ru ia, situated on the southeastern shore of the Caspian near the Persian frontier. Chilán Balám (che-län bä-läm'), or Chilám Balám. A priest of the Maya Indians of Yucatan, who is supposed to have died about 1430. He is reputed author of several Maya writings which have come down to us and are known as the books of Chílán Balám, and it is said that he foretold the coming of the Spaniards. Many of the narrative songs still found among the Indians are also attributed to him. Chilcat (chil'kät) or Chilcats (-kätz). A tribe of North American Indians. Their habitat is on Chile at River and Bay and Chilcoot River, in Alaska, extending into British Columbia. They number 988. See Koluschan. Child (child), Francis James. Born at Boston, 1825: died Sept. 11, 1896. An American scholar. He was educated Harvard College, and was profe or of the toric and a tory there from 1851 till 1876, His when he became profe or of English literature. most important work is an edition of "English and Scottish Ballads" which he first brought out in 1857-59 in 8 volumes. Child, Mrs. (Lydia Maria Francis). Born at Medford, Med Ma ., Feb. 11, 1802: died at Way land, Ma ., Oct. 20, 1880. An American writer, noted as a supporter of the abolition movement. She was editor of the "National Anti-Slavery Standard" 1840-43, and a istant editor till 1844. works include "The Rebels" (1822), "The American Frugal Housewife" (1829, a 33d ed. in 1855), "Flowers for Her Child, Mrs. Children" (1844-46), "Looking toward Sunset" (1864), "Miria, a Romance of the Republic" (1867), etc., besides her" Appeal for that Cla of Americans called Africans" (1833), which created much comment. Childebert (chil'de-bert; F. pron. shēl-de-bar') I. Born about 495: died 558. Son of Clovis, king of the Franks, whom he succeeded (as king of Paris) in 511. dominions of his brother Chlodomir of Orléans, and in conjunction with his brother Clothaire I. of So is sons and his nephew Theudebert I. of Austrasia conquered part of He inherited (524) part of the Burgundy in 534 and part of Provence in 536. Childebert II. Born 570: died 596. Son of Sigebert I. of Austrasia by the West-Gothic prince Brunehaut. Having remained under the regency of his mother, 575-585, he attempted, on reaching his majority, to deprive the young son of Fredegunde of Neustria, Clothaire II., of his kingdom, but was himself signally defeated by Fredegunde. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (child har'oldz pil'gri-maj). A poem by Lord Byron, of which the first and second cantos were published in 1811, the third in 1816, and the fourth in 1817. Child eric (chil'de-rik; F. pron. shēl-de-rēk') I. Died 481. Father of Clovis, and Frankish king from about 458. He sustained friendly relations with the Romans, who a isted him against the West Goths, the Alamanni, and the Saxons. His tomb was discovered at Tournai in 1653, and contained, among other things, his seal-ring and a number of gold bees, which latter had presumably served to ornament his mantle, and which suggested to Napoleon L. the adoption of the bee as an imperial emblem. Childe Roland. See Roland . Childers, Flying. See Flying Childers. Childers, Hugh Culling Eardley. Born at London, June 25, 1827: died Jan. 29, 1896. An English politician. He was first lord of the admiralty 1868-71, chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster 1872-73, secretary for war 1880-82, chancellor of the exchequer 18821885, and home secretary in 1886. Childers (chil'dėrz), Robert Cæsar. Born 1838: died July 25, 1876. An English Orientalist, author of "Pali-English Dictionary" (1875), etc. Child of Nature, The. A play by Mrs. Inchbald, produced at Covent Garden Nov. 28, 1788. It is taken from Madame de Genlis. by Almagro in 1535; and was first settled by Valdivia in 1541. Long wars with the Araucanians followed. Independence was finally declared Feb. 12, 1818. Area, about 250,000 square miles, though more is claimed. Estimated population (1895), 3,413,776. Chili an wall a. See Chilli an wall a. Chilka (chil'kä), Lake. A lagoon of India, in Ori a, near the Bay of Bengal. Chillan (chel-yän'). The capital of the prov- ince of Nuble, Chile, about lat. 36° 35' S., long. 72° 10' W. There are mineral springs in the vicinity. Population (1892), about 25,000. Chilli an wall a, or Chili an wall a (chili-an- wal'a). A town in the Panjab, British India, near the river Jhelum, in lat. 32° 45′ N., long. 73°35′ E. Here, Jan., 1849, a battle occurred between the British army (about 15,000), under Lord Gough, and the Sikhs (about 23,000), It was technically a British victory. Lo of the British force, 2,400. Chilli cot he (chil-i-koth'e). A city and the county-seat of Ro County, southern Ohio, situated on the Scioto 45 miles south of Columbus. It was the State capital until 1810. Population (1890), 11,288. Chimihuahua origin (according to Hesiod, a daughter of Typhaon and Echidna), having the fore part that of a lion, the middle that of a goat, and the hind part that of a dragon: also represented as having three heads-a lion's, a goat's, and a dragon's. It was often shown in art as having a goat's head in the middle of the back and a dragon's head at the end of the tail. It dwelt in Lycia, and was slain by Bellerophon. Chimakuan (chim-ä-kö'an). A linguistic stock of North American Indians, embracing the Chimakum (from which it is named) and Quileute tribes. It formerly occupied the western coast of Puget Sound, from Port Town send to Port Ludlow, and a small area on the Pacific coast of Washington, thirty miles below Cape Flattery, about Quileute River. They are the remnant of a once powerful body which occupied the entire coast region from Port Town send to the Quileute country on the Pacific, the Salishan tribes separating the two Chimakuan branches being intruders. They are now confined to reservations in Washington, and number about 300. Chimakum (chim'ä-kum), more correctly Tsemakum (tsem'ä-kum). A tribe of North American Indians which formerly occupied the coast of Puget Sound, Washington, from