Except

Smith's Financial Dictionary · 1903 · p. 122
when there is an agreement permitting it a lender has no right to retain collateral to secure any loan but the one for which it was to serve as security. It may be recovered by suit and the borrower may also recover any lo which he may have suffered from the unjustifiable detention of his securities. In New York securities pledged as collateral are said to have been hypothecated. In London securities pledged as collateral are said to have been pawned.
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