FEDERATION

the union of states under one government they represent one united body, ticularly in regard to defense foreign affairs, although the states reserve certain departments administration for their own An instance is the Commonwealth Australia, in which everything specifically reserved for the Government is‘under jurisdiction several states; while in the of Canada,.everything is under tion of the Federal Government what is specifically reserved several governments of the forming the Dominion. Other are the United States of America, German ‘Reich,’ the Swi Argentine Republic, Brazil, Venezuela, and Federated Malay Ancient federations were the and Achzan Leagues in Greece, Lycian League in Roman times. form of union than federation fication (e.g., the Union of 1707 England and Scotland and the of S. Africa, 1910), which complete legislative union, there only one central government supreme parliament, sovereignty legislative rights being abandoned the individual states.or kingdoms are merged in such a union, The tendency is to restore the Sce} legislative rights of the various countr by the establishment of subordin< BOARD, | Parliaments for local legislation and t STATES. supervision of local. administration. ARTICLES OF FEDERATION. in. Federal|__ FEDERATION OF LABOR, AME: led Lee LaBor. to popular comedies,; govern Europe. FEE, the charges of a profe i or Anti-| man; the educational charges at a uni gen-| or coll.; land held in ‘fee simple’ (7. desiring | freehold), by which the holder is t auton-| absolute owner, and may do with it between | he pleases. The opposite of this is la in 1788, | which is ‘entailed,’ (7.e.), in a lienal still con-|land which descends to the heirs cf] Finally the body and their heirs. Constitution A Hee they No definition of the term ‘feeble-mindge an can 5 stand the test of strict analys: " exponent of because of the ‘twilight zone’ in whi the subject lies. In general it may several said that a feeble-minded person is o so that| who, due to some mental defect par-| birth or a later imperfect brain develo and ment, is unable to perform the duti several | or live the life of the great ma of ma of| kind. control. For purposes of discu ion the feeb! of | minded may be regarded as fall i not| within one of three groups: idio’ Federal | imbeciles and morons. Using as a co1 of the parison the development of norm Dominion | children between the ages of one ai jurisdic- | twelve years, the idiot has the ment except development of a normal child of 1 or for the years; the imbecile that of a child provinces| from 3 to 7; the moron that of a chi examples] of from 8 to 12, The idiot is helple the|and hopele . The imbecile may 'ha’ Republic, a cloudy understanding of simple thins Mexico, | can obey a command, go on an err an States.} accomplish certain mechanical task A‘tolian| The moron is slow, heavy, stupid, c: and the| learn even the simplest things wit A closer| great difficulty, has little initiativ is uni-| requires direction and supervision. FE between | is what is commonly spoken of as Union| ‘very backward child.’ Yet he c¢ involves}learn to read and write, perhaps ac being | and subtract, and, grown to manhoo and one| can engage in some routine occupatic and | not requiring foresight or judgment ar by | be a fairly useful citizen. wet which} In modern times society has reco: modern | nized its obligation to care for the feebli merged| minded. Not only is this prompted b ee a i EEHAN manity, the duty of the strong to-|of St. ard the weak, but it is the dictate of lf-preservation. Investigation has! West own that an appallingly large number crim in als, drunkards, paupers and ostitutes are recruited from the ranks the mentally defective. Their weak entality makes them easily led astray others, and 11° 10’ their own lower instincts, t controlled to by reason and judgment, unge rated them into wrong-doing. Invesation has c, 10,000. revealed that 50 per cent the youths in reformatories are FEHMIC menly deficient and that the same thing courts, true of from 25 to 50 per cent of the institution is on population. A study of 2,000 stitutes at the New York State form a tory E.), for Women has shown that per many; view of the fact a Frederick, comprise from.3 to.4 of 1 per} FEISAL, 1t of the population, as demonstrated | third studies made in America and Great | educated itain it can be seen what a vastly | residence proportionate number of these turn 1908), crime. of Mecca The present day movement to proin Turk. le suitable care for the feeble-minded vigorously es back to 1835 in Germany and opening 37 in France, although some sporadic to 1 fruitle attempts had been made Djemal or to that date. The first step in that genious ection in the United States was taken | valuable 1848 when Dr. Samuel G. Howe|he rted a cla for the training of idiots | Pasha the South Boston Blind Asylum. he secured is movement has developed until guests. lay about three fourths of the States was the Union have special institutions is bro. colonies for mental defectives. While n most of the large cities special visited ses are set apart in the schools for in the teaching of morons. While they was, not master the usual studies they | guide, be trained to use their hands and partnership ‘certain kinds of industrial and| throughout nual work that do not demand any responsible ut amount of memory or judgment. | which n the State institutions and colonies, | (Oct. 3, es and calisthenics are employed | of the ix attention and promote coordinaArabia.. Music has been found of great|as his ice. The boys and men are taught | Conference. ls and women are trained in by France sework, sewing and fancy work. became re than 35,000 feeble-minded per under the 3 are thus being cared for in instituSee Synra; S and colonies of 34 States.