Cairngorm Stone

( Min.) The name given to pellucid wine-yellow varieties of smoky quartz, after the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland, where they are found. They are much used for seals, brooches, and the larger forms of jewelry. Cairo, or KAHIRA, (Ar. El Chahirch, "the victorious," sometimes called GRAND CAIRO, and by the inhabitants Musr,) the modern capital of Egypt, and the second city of the Mohammedan world; chief residence of the Viceroy, and seat of his govt., near the right or E. bank of the Nile, about 12 m. above the apex of its delta, 112 m. S.E. of Alexandria, 97 S.S.W. of Damietta, and 75 W. of Suez, on the railway from Alexandria to Suez. Viewed from a distance, C. has a magnificent appearance, but, like most other Eastern cities, the charm departs upon a closer inspection. A great part of it has long had an unenviable name for squalor and consequent unheal you r , but the rigid police surveillance established by the later viceroys has effected such a change, that for cleanline , as well as order, quiet, and the absence of crime, C. may now rank with the best governed cities of the civilized world. This city contains 240 principal streets, 46 squares, 11 bazaars, 140 children's schools, 300 public cisterns, 1,166 coffee-houses, 65 public baths, 406 mosques, and several good hospitals. The whole city is surrounded by a stone wall, and po e es a strong citadel built by Salad in about 1176. It is entered by four gates of considerable size and magnificence. Č. has been of late greatly improved, and can no longer be altogether described as little better than a labyrinth of tortuous, narrow, unpaved lanes. New streets have been cut through the more crowded districts; and the Ezbekeeyah, the principal square of the city, has been transformed into public gardens with a lake in the center, while houses and shops of considerable pretensions have sprung up in the neighborhood. Within the citadel are the palace and harem of the Khedive, the mint, divan, state mosque, and arsenal. C. has always been, and still is, the seat of the best schools for Arabic literature, and Mohammedan theology. Most European nations, as well as the American, have vice Fig . 470.- STREET IN CAIRO. consuls here; it is the seat of the patriarch of the Coptic church; there are both Roman Catholic and Greek convents, and an English church. Few Europe ans, however, reside in C. The neighborhood of this metropolis abounds with palaces and objects of great interest (too numerous to mention here). C. has manufactures of arms, accoutrements, gunpowder, clothing, paper, . This city is supposed to have been founded by Jauhar, an Arab general under the first Fatimite caliph, in 970. The caliph Moez afterwards made it the cap. of his dominions, which distinction it retained until the overthrow of the Mameluke dynasty by the Turks, in 1517. It was the residence of the pasha of the Turkish prov. of Egypt till 1798, when it was taken by the French, who held it until its capture by the English and Turks, in 1801. C. was the scene of the ma acre of the Mamelukes, by order of Mehemet Ali, in 1811. Pop . Including the port of Bonlac on the Nile, and Old Cairo, the number of inhabitants is 353,851. of which number abt. 250,000 are Egyptian Moslems, 10,000 Copts, and the remainder Jews and foreigners. C. was occupied by the English in Sept., 1882. Cairo, in Illinois , the cap. of Alexander co., at the junction of the Ohio and Mi i ippi rivers, on a low point of land forming the S. extremity of the State, and subject to inundations. It is the S. terminus of the Illinois Central R.R., which connects with the Mobile and Ohio line, and is an important shipping point both by rail and water. Pop . in 1897, est. 15,000. Cairo, in Iowa, a post-village of Louisa co., 7 m. W. of Wapello and 30 N.N.W. of Burlington. Cairo, in Kentucky , a small village of Henderson co. Cairo, in Mi ouri , a post-office of Randolph co. Cairo, in New York , a post-township of Greene co., is drained by Cat skill Creek, Cairo, in Ohio , a village of Allen co., 6 m. N. of Lima. -A post-office of Stark co. Cairo, in South Carolina , a post-office of Edge field dis- trict. Cairo, in Tenne ee, a village of Sumner co., on Cum berland River, 30 m. N.E. of Nashville Cairo, in West Virginia , a post-village of Ritchie co., 30 m. E. of Parkers burg. Cais's on, n. [Fr., from cai e , a box or chest.] ( Mil .) A tumbril, or wagon, in which ammunition for the use of artillery is carried. - A large wooden chest charged with powder and shell, and buried under or near any fortification, to be exploded, if nece ary, like a mine. ( Mar. ) A machine for raising ve els, resembling an enormous chest, with an air-tight chamber in the interior, which will not allow it to sink beyond a certain depth. In order to raise the ve el, it is sunk by letting the water into it, and brought under the ship's bottom, and there secured. The holes through which the water entered are then closed, and the water pumped out. This causes it to rise and lift the ve el, bringing the bottom out of the water for inspection and repairs, which can be thus effected without bringing the ve el into dock, or hauling her on shore. ( Arch . ) A sunken panel in a flat or vaulted ceiling, or in the soffit of a cornice; in ceilings they are of various geometrical forms, and often are enriched with rosettes or other ornaments. sides are designed to remain, and the foundations in those cases are protected by loose stones thrown down around the cai on. The term is also applied to a kind cf gate, for the purpose of closing the entrance to graving docks or other similar works. Caitawist'ky Creek, in North Carolina , flowing S.W. into Chowan River. Caith'ne , a maritime county of Scotland, occupying its N.E. extremity, having on the W. the co, of Suther- land, and N.E. and N. the ocean. Dunnet Head, on the N. shore of this co., in Lat. 58° 401⁄2' N., Lon. 3° 22' W. is the most northerly point in Great Britain. Area , 712 sq. m. Surface. Mountainous, and in many tracts cov- ered by extensive moors. Soil. Poor; oats and potatoes being the staple crops. Wick and Thurso, its principal towns, are, at present, the chief seats of the British herring fishery. Caitiff, ( ka'tif ,) n. [It. cattivo ; Lat. captivus , a captive; from capio , to take. Originally, a captive or slave. In a modern sense, a degraded wretch; a mean villain; a despicable slave. "Vile caitiff! va al of dread and despair, Unworthy of the common breathed air." - Spenser. -a. Resembling, or partaking of, the qualities of a caitiff; mean; vile; despicable. Caius, or KAY, ( kaze ) JOHN, B. at Norwich, England, 1510, was physician of Edward VI. and queens Mary and Elizabeth. He D. at Cambridge, 1573, leaving his estate for the founding of Gonville Hall, Cambridge, into a college, now called Gonville and Caius College. Cajanus, n. [From the Malay name Catjang .] ( Bot .) A genus of plants, sub-order Pap i lion ace a . The species yield a kind of pulse, known as pigeon-peas, much used for food by the poor of the West Indies. In Jamaica, pigeons are usually fed with these seeds; hence, their English name. Caj'aput, n. ( Bot . ) See MELALEUCA Cajazzo, ( kah - jať zo ,) a town of S. Italy, prov. Caserta, on a hill near the Volturno, 11 m. N.E. by E. of Capua. This town is very ancient, and is defended by a castle built by the Lombards. Pop . 6,801. Caj'eput, n. See MELALEUCA. Cajetan, ( kah - ya - tan ',) THOMAS DE VIO, an Italian cardi- nal, B. at Gaëta, 1469. In 1518, Leo X. sent him as legate into Germany, his high character and his learning giving him great weight and influence. Luther appeared be- fore him at Augsburg, but their conferences were with- out result; the legate insisting on one point-retract a- tion-and the monk steadily refusing. C. was soon after named bishop of Gaëta, was again sent into Germany in 1523, and was taken prisoner at the sacking of Rome in 1527. D. 1534. Cajole, ( ka - jol ',) v. a. [Fr. cajoler.] To coax; to court; to wheedle; to entrap; to delude or deceive by flattery "Thought he 'tis no mean part of civil State prudence, to cajole the devil." - Hudibras. Cajole'ment, n. Deception by wheedling measures; cajolery. Cajol'er, n. One who cajoles; a flatterer; a deluder. Cajol'ery, n . Flattery; a wheedling to delude. Cake, ( kāk , ) n. [Du. kock ; Swed. kaka ; Ger. kuchen , from kochen , to cook, to boil; Lat. coquo , to cook, to bake.] A small round ma of dough baked; a com- position of flour, butter, sugar, ., baked into a small round ma . "Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?" - Shaks. -Anything in the form of a cake; a ma of matter concreted; as, a cake of soap. "And cakes of rustling ice come rolling down the flood." Dryden. v. a. To form into a cake or ma . -v. i. To concrete, or form into a hard ma . "And clotted blood that cak'd within." - Add is on . Ca'kile, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, order Bra ica cer. The Sea Rocket, C. maritima , native of the seacoast and of the lake-shores of New York, is a smooth, succulent plant, branching and procumbent, 6-12 inches long. Leaves minute-dental, caducous; flowers on short, fleshy peduncles, in terminal spikes or racemes; petals purple, obtuse at end; blo oming in July. Cak'ing Coal, n. A term applied to those kinds of bituminous coal which form a pasty cake, or swell and expand in the fire somewhat in the manner of borax when exposed to heat. Cal, n. ( Mining .) In Cornwall, England, a term given to a kind of iron go an stone found in the bryle and backs of lodes, much of the color of old iron; reckoned a poor brood with tin. Calabar', a territory of Western Africa, situate on Cro River, which is of considerable magnitude, and forms, at its mouth, a species of sæstuary, opening into the Bight of Biafra. The principal towns on its banks are Acoons, Coons, and Omun, or Bosun, on an island of the same name. There are also places called Duke Town, and Creek Town, which are the seats of mi ions.- New Calabar, a branch of the Niger, falls into the Bight of Biafra. The town of C. is situated on an island formed of two branches of the river. Since 1884, all of C. is embraced in the British Niger Protectorate. Calabar Bean, n. The product of the Physostigma venenosa, imported from Africa, where it is used me- dicinally, and as an ordeal in cases of suspected crime; if it causes vomiting, it indicates innocence; if purging, guilt . It operates as an emetic and purgative, and also as a narcotic poison; it induces fainting fits, and partial paralysis. It has been lately a erted that the C. B. is an antidote to Strychnia. (Civil Engineering.) An inclosure or large ve el, in which the foundations of a bridge are built in the dry; and the ve el being brought over the position a igned to it (the ground being first properly dredged, or pre- pared to receive it), the sides are removed, and the whole structure then subsides into its place. Sometimes the tree, also called Bottle-Gourd. It contains a pale yellow. Calabasas, in Arizona , a post-office of Pima co. Calabash, n. [ Sp.calabeiza .) The fruit of the Calabash IMG:content-0010.png:[blocks in formation]