He entered Parliament in 1806

On April 11, 1809, he attacked a French fleet in Aix roads, and destroyed four of the enemy's ve els. In Feb., 1814, Cochrane was accused of complicity in originating a fraudulent report of Napoleon's death for speculative purposes, and, though he claimed to be entirely innocent, was imprisoned for a year, fined, and expelled from the navy and from the House of Commons. His constituents stood by him, and at once returned him again to Parliament. Accepting an invitation to organize the infant navy of Chile, he reached Val para i so Nov., 1818. During the subsequent campaigns, with only one frigate and a few old ve els, he managed to neutralize the powerful Spanish squadron; took Valdivia in Feb., 1820; transported San Martin's army to Peru; blockaded Callao, and performed the feat of cutting out a Spanish frigate from under the guns of the castle (Nov. 5, 1820), and contributed greatly to the capture of Lima. Owing to quarrels with San Martin and the Chilian authorities, he left their service, and from March, 1823, to 1825 commanded the Brazilian navy: during this time he recovered Bahia and Maranhão from the Portuguese. Accused of insubordination, he resigned. In 1827 and 1828 he commanded the Greek navy, but accomplished nothing. In 1832 he was virtually exonerated from the charges on which he had been imprisoned in 1814, and was restored to the Order of the Bath and to his rank in the British navy. Cochut (kō-shü'), André. Born at Paris, 1812: died there, Jan. 18, 1890. A French publicist. Cock, The. A famous tavern in Fleet street, London, opposite the Temple. It still retains decorations of the period of the early part of the 17th century. Tennyson has immortalized it in his "Will Waterproof's Lyrical Monologue." Cock and the Fox, The. A version of Chaucer's "Nun's Priest's Tale," by Dryden. Cockaigne, Cocagne (ko-kan'). [Also Cock ayne , etc., in various archaic forms, after ME. cockaigne , cokaygne , cockagne , cokayne , cocaigne , etc., from OF. cocaigne , cokaigne , coquaigne , co caingne , quoquaingne , F. cocaine ( usp.cucana , Pg . now cuccagna ), profit, advantage, abundance, a time of abundance; pays de cocagne , Land of Cocagne (It. " Cocagna , as we say, Lubber land"; " Cucagna , the epicures or gluttons home, the land of all delights: so taken in mockerie" Florio); ML. Cocania , an imaginary country of luxury and idlene ; prob. lit. Cake-land. Usually a ociated with cockney , but there is no original connection.] A fabled land of perfect happine and luxury, intended to ridicule the stories of the mythical Avalon, an isle in the west, prevalent in medieval times. Its houses were built of good things to eat; roast geese went slowly down the streets, turning themselves and inviting the pa ers-by to eat them; buttered larks fell in profusion; the shingles of the houses even were of cake; and the rivers ran wine. The English poets of the 16th century called it Lubber land. Cock burn (kō'bėrn), Sir Alexander James Edmund. Born Dec. 24, 1802: died at London, Nov. 21, 1880. A noted British jurist of Scotch descent, lord chief justice of England. He was graduated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he became a fellow in 1829; entered Parliament as a Liberal in 1847; was attorney-general 1851-Feb., 1852, and again Dec., 1852, Nov., 1856; and became chief justice of the Common Pleas in 1856, and lord chief justice of England June 24, 1859. As the representative of the British government at the Alabama arbitration at Geneva, he di ented from the award, holding that in the case of the Florida and that of the Shenandoah the responsibility of his government had not been proved. Cock burn, Mrs. (Alicia, or Alison, Rutherford). Born at Fairnalee, Sel kirks hire, about 1712: died at Edinburgh, Nov. 22, 1794. A Scottish lyric poet, author of "The Flowers of the Forest" ("I've Seen the Smiling of Fortune Beguiling"), and other songs. Cock burn, Mrs. (Catherine Trotter). Born at London, Aug. 16, 1679: died May 11, 1749. An English dramatist and philosophical writer, Cocoa-tree Club wife (1708) of Patrick Cock burn, a clergyman. She wrote "Agnes de Castro" (acted 1696), "Fatal Friend ship" (acted 1698), "Love at a Lo ," a comedy (1700), and "Revolutions of Sweden" (acted 1706). 1702 she published an anonymous defense of Locke's philosophizing against the charge of materialism, and later advocated the ethical views of Clarke. Cock burn, Sir George. Born at London, April 22, 1772: died at Leaming ton, England, Aug. 19, 1853. An English admiral. He served at the reduction of Martin i que in 1809, and a isted at the capture of Washington in 1814. Cock burn, Henry Thomas, Lord. Born at Edinburgh (?), Oct. 26, 1779: died at Bonaly, near Edinburgh, April 26, 1854. A Scottish jurist, appointed a judge of the Court of Se ion in 1834, and a lord of judiciary in 1837. His autobiography ("Memorials of his Time") was published in 1856. Cocker (kok'er), Edward. Born probably in North amp tons hire, England, 1631: died 1675. An English engraver and teacher of writing and arithmetic, and collector of manuscripts. He was the author of various works on calligraphy, arithmetic ("Tutor to Arithmetic" (1664), "Compleat Arithmetician" (before 1669), "Arithmetic," edited by John Hawkins (1678), etc.), etc. The supposition that the famous arithmetic is a forgery by Hawkins has been abandoned. Cocker am (kok'ram), Henry. Flourished about the middle of the 17th century. An English scholar (of whose life nothing is known), author of the first published dictionary of the English language. The book is entitled "The English Dictionarie, or a New Interpreter of Hard English Words" (1623?; 2d ed. 1626; 12th ed., revised and enlarged by another's hand, 1670). Cockerell (kok'ėr-el), Charles Robert. Born at London, April 28, 1788: died at London, Sept. 17, 1863. Á noted English architect. He became architect of the Bank of England in 1833, and was profe or of architecture in the Royal Academy 1840-57. He completed the Hanover Chapel in Regent street in 1825, built the Taylor Buildings at Oxford 1841-42, and designed numerous other public and private buildings. Author of "Ancient Sculptures in Lincoln Cathedral" (1848), "Iconography of the West Front of Wells Cathedral" (1851), "А Descriptive Account of the Sculptures of the West Front of Wells Cathedral" (1862), etc. Cocker mouth (kok'ėr-mouth). A town and parliamentary borough in Cumber land, England, situated at the confluence of the Cocker and Derwent, 25 miles southwest of Car lisle. It was the birthplace of Words worth. Population (1891), 5,464. Cock Lane Ghost. A noted imposture perpetrated in 1762 in Cock Lane, Smith field, London, by a man named Parsons and his daughter eleven years old). Knockings and other strange noises were heard, and a "luminous lady," supposed to be the ghost of a Mrs. Kent, was seen. Dr. Johnson, among others, visited the house, and was maliciously attacked for his credulity by Church ill in his long poem "The Ghost." Parsons was pilloried. Cockledemoy (kok'l-de-moi). An adroit and amusing trickster in Marston's play "The Dutch Courtezan." IMG:content-0357.png:[blocks in formation] The Master of the Rolls was at that time the presiding Judge of Appeal at the Privy Council, which was com monly spoken of as "the Cockpit," because it sat on the site of the old Cockpit at White hall. Greville, Memoirs, II. 70, note. Cock wood (kok'wud), Lady. In Etherege's comedy "She Would if She Could," a female Tartufe who hides a disgraceful intrigue under a great pretense of religious devotion. Cocles (koʻklēz), Horatius. A Roman legendary hero who with Spurius Lartius and Titus Her mini us defended the Sublician bridge at Rome against the entire Etruscan army under Lars Porsena (5087 в. с.). Coco (kōkō). A tribe of North American Indians. See Attacapan . Cocoa-tree Club. A noted London club which was the Tory Cocoa-tree Chocolate-house of Queen Anne's reign, at 64 St. James street. It was converted into a gaming-house and a club, probably before 1746, when the house was the headquarters of the Jacobite party, and the resort of the wits of the time. Timbs . Codazzi (kō-dät'sē), Agustin. Born at Lugo, near Ferrara, Italy, 1792: died in Colombia, 1859. An engineer and geographer in the northern part of South America. He published at Paris in 1841 "Resumen de la Geografía de Vene- zuela." Codding ton (kod'ing-ton), William. Born in Lincoln shire, England, 1601: died in Rhode Island, Nov. 1, 1678. An English colonist in America, one of the founders of the colony of Rhode Island in 1638, and its governor 1640-47, 1648-49, and 1674-76. IMG:content-0358.png:[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small] A noted English admiral. He took part in the battle of Trafalgar, Oct. 21, 1805, as commander of the Orion; was with Cochrane in Chesapeake Bay and at New Orleans in 1814; became vice-admiral 1821, and admiral of the blue 1837; and commanded the allied fleet at Navarino Oct. 20, 1827. Codrington, Sir Henry John. Born 1808: died Aug. 4, 1877. A British admiral, third son of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington. He took part, as commander of the Talbot, in the bombardment of Acre, Nov. 4, 1840; became a rear-admiral in 1857; was admiral superintendent at Malta 1858-63; and was appointed ad- miral in 1867, and admiral of the fleet 1877. Cœlestius (se-les'tius). A collaborator of Pela- gius: a native of Ireland (Bretagne?). He was condemned as a heretic by a council at Carthage in 412, but was acquitted by Pope Zosimus in 417. He is said to have been ordained presbyter at Ephesus some time be- tween 412 and 417. Cœle-Syria, or Cele-Syria (seʻle-sir'i-ä). [Gr. Κοίλη Συρία, Hollow Syria.] A valley in Syria, lying between the Libanus and the Anti-Li- ban us, and watered by the Leontes and the Coelho (ko-el'yö), Duarte de Albuquerque, Count of Pernambuco and Marquis of Basto. Born at Lisbon, Dec. 22, 1591: died at Madrid, Sept. 24, 1658. The eldest son of Jorge de law, inherited from his father. He wa was driven out by the Dutch invasion of 1630, and in 1639 went to Spain, resid ing at Madrid, where he published his "Me morias diarias Coghetti (kō-get'te), Francesco. Born at Bergamo, Italy, Oct. 4, 1804: died at Rome, April 21, 1875. An Italian painter. His best- known works are the frescos in the basilica in Savona. who, in 1488, commanded a ship on the coast Cogia Ha an Alhabbal (kō'gyä hä än äl- of Sene gambia. It has been supposed that he had häb'bäl). A story, in "The Arabian Nights' charge of the expedition of 1501 to explore the coast of Entertainments," of a poor rope-maker who Brazil, but of this there is no proof. It seems certain, finds a diamond in a large fish, and becomes however, that he commanded the six caravels which Lisbon June 10, 1503, to seek a route to the Moluccas around the southern end of Brazil, then supposed to be an island. One of his ships was wrecked; two others, one of them having Amerigo Vespucci for commander or pilot, separated from Coelho and returned to Lisbon in June, 1504. Coelho himself explored as far, at least, as Rio de Janeiro, and only returned in 1506. Nothing fur- Coelho, Jorge de Albuquerque. Born at Olin- da, Pernambuco, April 23, 1539: died, probably at Lisbon, some time after 1596. A Portuguese soldier, second son of Duarte Coelho Pereira. From 1560 to 1565 he was commander of the Portuguese ker'ke), Duarte. Born at Olinda, Pernam- buco, 1537: died in Fez, Africa, about 1579. The eldest son of Duarte Coelho Pereira. He inherited the captaincy of Pernambuco in 1554, and gov- erned it personally from 1560 to 1572. Returning to Por- Coelho Pereira, Duarte. Born about 1485: died at Olinda, Pernambuco, Aug. 7, 1554. A Portuguese soldier. He was the first to reach Cochin China, and was sent as an amba ador to Siam and China. In 1530 he was sent to the coast of Brazil, where he de stroyed a French trading establishment. In April, 1534, the new captaincy of Pernambuco was granted to him and his heirs in perpetuity, and he speedily made it the most flourishing colony in Brazil. Olinda, his capital, was founded in 1535. Cœlica (sē'li-kä). A collection of short poems of different lengths, by Fulke Greville (Lord Brooke). It appeared in a folio volume con- taining other poems in 1633. Coello (ko-el'yō), Alonso Sanchez. Born at Benifayro, near Valencia, Spain, about 1520(?): died at Madrid, 1590. A Spanish painter, es- pecially noted for his portraits. Coello, Claudio. Born at Madrid, 1621: died cal painter. at Madrid, April 20, 1693. A Spanish histori- Coen (kön), Jan Pieterszoon. Born at Hoorn, Netherlands, Jan. 8, 1587: died at Batavia, Java, Sept. 20, 1629. A Dutch official, gover- nor-general of the Dutch East Indies 1618-23. He founded Batavia in 1619. Cœur (ker), Jacques. Born at Bourges, France, about 1400: died in Chios, Nov. 25, 1456. A noted French financier, and merchant in the Levant. He had charge of the coinage and financial affairs of the state from about 1430, and effected important reforms. He was imprisoned 1451-55 on the false charge Cœur d'Alêne (ker dä-lān'). [F., 'awl-heart.'] An Indian tribe living chiefly in northern Idaho. They give name to a lake, river, and range of mountains in northern Idaho. In 1892 they numbered 427. See Sa- lishan. Their name for themselves is Skits wish . Cœur de Lion (kér dė lê-ôn'). [F., ‘lion's heart,' 'lion-hearted."] A surname given on account of their valor to Richard I. of England and Louis VIII. of France. Coffee-House Politician, The. A comedy by Henry Fielding, published in 1730. Coffin (kof'in), Sir Isaac. Born at Boston, Ma ., May 16, 1759: died in England, July 23, 1839. A British sailor, appointed vice-admiral in 1808, and admiral June 4, 1814. He entered the navy in 1773, and became commander in 1781. In 1788 was accused of signing a false muster, tried by court-martial, found guilty, and dismi ed from the navy, but was reinstated. Cogia Hou am (hö äm). The captain of the thieves in "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves," in "The Arabian Nights' Entertainments," who, under this name, wins the confidence of Ali Baba's son. Cognac (kontown in the department of Charente, France, situated on the 23 miles west of Angoulême: the ancient Con- date (in the middle ages Coniacus, later Coi- gnac). It is the center of the brandy trade of the region. Population (1891), commune, 17,392. Cognac, Holy League of. A league concluded May 22, 1526, between Pope Clement VII., Fran- cis I. of France, Milan, and Venice, against the emperor Charles V Henry VIII. was in sympathy Cogniard, Théodore. Born April 30, 1806: died May 14, 1872. A French theatrical director and writer of vaudevilles in conjunction with his brother Hippolyte. Cogoleto (kō-go-lā tō). A town in the province of Genoa, Italy, situated on the coast 15 miles west of Genoa. It is sometimes claimed as the birthplace of Columbus. Cogolludo (kō-gōl-yö'Dō), Diego Lopez de. A Spanish Francis can who lived in Yucatan in the second quarter of the 17th century. His "Hist or i a de Yuca than" (fol., Madrid, 1688) is a chief aus thority on the history of that country down to 1655. second edition bears the title "Los tres siglos de la dom i- nacion española en Yucatan" (2 vols., Campeche and Merida, 1842-45). Cogs well (kogz'wel), Joseph Green. Born at Ipswich, Ma ., Sept. 27, 1786: died at Cam- bridge, Ma ., Nov. 26, 1871. An American scholar. He was profe or of mineralogy and geology at Harvard 1820-23; founded, with George Bancroft, the Round Hill School at North amp ton, Ma achusetts, in 1823; edited the "New York Review"; was appointed Cohn (kon), Ferdinand Julius. Born Jan. 24, 1828: died June 25, 1898. A noted German botanist, profe or of botany at Breslau. Cohnheim (kon him), Julius Fried rich. Born at Demmin, Pomerania, Pru ia, July 20, 1839: died at Leipsic, Aug. 14, 1884. A German pa- thologist, noted especially for discoveries in regard to pus-corpuscles. He became profe or of pathology and pathological anatomy at Kiel in 1868, at. Breslau in 1872, and at Leipsic in 1878. Cohoes (kō-hoz'). A city in Albany County, New York, situated at the confluence of the Mohawk with the Hudson, 8 miles north of Albany. It has rolling-mills and manufactures of ho- siery and underwear. Its water-power is derived from the Cohoes Falls, 70 feet in height. Population (1900), IMG:content-0359.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0360.png:[blocks in formation] Cojutepec (kō-Hö-te-pek'), or Cojutepeque (kō-Hö-te-pā'ki). A town in San Salvador, Central America, 10 miles northeast of San Salvador. Population, about 10,000. Cokayne (kō-kan'), Thomas. Born at Maple- ton, Derby shire, Jan. 21, 1587: died at Lon- don, 1638. An English lexicographer, author of an English-Greek lexicon containing deriva- tions and definitions of "all the words in the New Testament" (1658). He was educated at Ox- ford (Corpus Christ i College), but did not take a degree. Schmidt). Born Dec. 18, 1814: died March 27, 1884. A Norwegian novelist. Her works in. clude "Tre Noveller" (1873), "Tre nye Noveller" (1875), "Jeg lever" (1877), "Cleopatra" (1880), etc. Colberg. See Kolberg . Colbert (kol-bar'), Jean Baptiste. Born at Rheims, France, Aug. 29, 1619: died at Paris, Sept. 6, 1683. A noted French statesman. He was the son of a merchant of Rheims, entered the service of Cardinal Mazarin in 1648, and in 1661, on the death of Mazarin, was appointed by Louis XIV. minister of finance, a post which he held until his death. He introduced ex- tensive fiscal reforms, as a result of which the income of the government was nearly trebled; and encouraged commerce and the industries by imposing a protective tariff, by the building of canals, and by the planting of colonies. He founded the Academy of Inscriptions (1663), the Academy of Sciences (1666), and other institutions for the promotion of art and science. Born at Paris, 1651: died Nov. 3, 1690. Colbert, Jean Baptiste, Marquis de Seignelay. French official, minister of marine: son of J. Colborne (kõlborn), Sir John. Born at Lynd- hurst, Hampshire, Feb. 16, 1778: died at Tor- quay, Devons hire, April 17, 1863. An English general. He entered the army in 1794; served under Wellington in Portugal, France, and Spain 1809-14; fought with distinction at the battle of Waterloo in 1815; was ap- pointed lieutenant-governor of Guernsey in 1825; and in 1830 became lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, a post which he resigned on being promoted to lieutenant-general in 1838. He returned to England in 1839, after having in the mean time quelled the Canadian rebellion, and in the same year was raised to the peerage as Lord Seaton of Seaton in Devons hire. He was promoted general in 1854, was commander of the forces in Ireland 1855-60, and was created field-marshal in 1860. Col brand (kōl'brand), or Cold brand (kold'- brand). A Danish giant, slain by Guy of War- wick. There is some slight foundation of fact in this legend. See Guy of Warwick. Colburn (kõlbėrn), Warren. Born at Ded- ham, Ma ., March 1, 1793: died at Lowell, Ma ., Sept. 15, 1833. An American mat he- matician, best known as a writer on arithmetic. Colburn, Zerah. Born at Cabot, Vt., Sept. 1, 1804: died at Norwich, Vt., March 2,1840. An American, celebrated during his boyhood as an arithmetical prodigy. Colby (kōl'bi) University. An institution of learning situated at Waterville, Maine. It was organized in 1820, and previous to 1867 was called Water- ville College. It is under the control of the Baptists. Col camp at a (kōl-käm-pä'tä). [Quichua, 'ter- race of the granaries.'] A series of artificial terraces at the foot of the Sacsahuaman hill, north of and overlooking the city of Cuzco, Peru. Under the Inca sovereigns they were a sort of sacred garden: every year the Inca himself broke the soil there as a signal that the season of planting had com. menced, and there he plucked the first ears of the har- vest. These ceremonies were celebrated by festivals. The Col camp at a palace was at the base of the terraces, and portions of it remain in a good state of preservation. Col chester (kōl'ches-ter). A town in E ex, England, situated on the Colne in lat. 51° 54' N., long. 0° 54′ E.: the Roman Camulodunum, and the Anglo-Saxon Col nec easter. It has long been famous for its oyster-fishery, and contains many Roman antiquities, including Roman walls. It has a castle and the ruins of St. Botolph's Priory and of a Bene- dictine monastery. The castle is the most powerful Nor- man military structure in England. The dimensions of the keep are 168 by 126 feet, and its walls vary in thickne from 11 to 30 feet. In one portion of the walls appears Roman herring-bone work in brick. The chapel is now a museum of Roman antiquities. Camulodunum was the ear liest Roman colony in Britain, and was destroyed by the Iceni, but rebuilt. Later it became a stronghold, and was the Itinerary, Camalodunum, the capital of the British princes after they had submitted to the Romans, and the first Roman city in the island which was honoured with the rank of a coloni a. History speaks of its temples and public buildings; and if, at an early period of its history, it was exposed to attack without walls of defence, that want was so well supplied at a subsequent period, that the ponderous masonry of its walls has endured to the present day, and ought never to have allowed anybody to Cold bath Fields (kõld'bath feldz). A part of Middle sex from which the great Cold bath Fields prison took its name. The original house of correction here was built in the reign of James I. It was overcrowded and was closed in 1886. Col de Balme (kol de bälm). A notably pic- turesque Alpine pa on the route between Chamonix in France and Martigny in Switzer- land. Elevation, 7,225 feet. Colden (köl'den), Cad wall a der. Born at Dunse, Scotland, Feb. 17, 1688: died on Long Island, N. Y., Sept. 28, 1776. A Scotch-Ameri- can physician, botanist, mathematician, and politician, lieutenant-governor of New York 1761-76. He introduced the Linnean system into Amer- ica, and furnished Linnæus (who named the genus Coldenia for him) with descriptions of several hundred American plants. He wrote a "History of the Five Indian Nations of Canada" (1727), and several medical works. Colden, Cad wall a der David. Born near Flushing, Long Island, April 4, 1769: died at Jersey City, N.J., Feb. 7, 1834. An American lawyer and politician, grandson of C. Colden. Col de Tenda (kol de ten'dä). A pa in the mountains of northwestern Italy, near France, 30 miles northeast of Monaco. It is often taken as the boundary between the Maritime Alps and the Apen- nines. Elevation, 6,195 feet. Cold stream Guards. A regiment of British foot-guards, first enrolled by General Monk at Cold stream 1659-60. Cold stream (kõld's trēm), Lady Catharine. A Scottish woman of quality in Foote's play "The Maid of Bath": a shrewd old woman who tries her hand at match-making. Cold stream, Sir Charles. A languid man of fashion in Mathews's farce "Used Up." Col du Bonhomme (kol dü bo-nom'). [F., 'good- man's neck.'] 1. One of the chief pa es over the Vosges Mountains on the frontier of France and Alsace southwest of Markirch. Elevation, 3,084 feet.-2. A pa in the Alps, south of Mont Blanc, on the route between Chamonix and Cour may eur (in Italy). Elevation, 7,680 feet. Col du Mont-Iseran (kol dü mont-ēz-roń'). A pa in the southeastern Alps, between the upper valley of the Isère and that of the Arc. Elevation, 9,085 feet. Cold water (kold water). The capital of Branch County, in southern Michigan, situated on Cold- water River in lat. 41° 57′ N., long. 85° W. Population (1900), 6,216. Cole (kol), George. Born at Portsmouth, Eng- land, 1810: died at London, Sept. 7, 1883. An English landscape-painter. Col chester, Baron. See Abbot , Charles . Colchis (kol'kis). [Gr. Κολχίς .] In ancient geography, a country in Asia, lying between the Caucasus on the north, Iberia on the east, Armenia on the south, Pontus on the south- west, and the Euxine on the west: the modern Mingrelia. It was the legendary land of Medea and the Golden Fleece, and its inhabitants were famous for the manufacture of linen. Colcur (kol'kör). Born in Araucania about 1555: died at Santa Cruz de Coya, 1598. An Araucanian Indian of Chile, grandson of the celebrated chief Caupolican. He was cacique of Angol, and one of the most determined foes of the Span- Cole, King Sanskrit. Coleman (kōl'man), Lyman. Born at Middle field, Ma ., June 14, 1796: died at Easton, Pa., March 16, 1882. An American educator and theological writer, profe or of Latin and Greek at Lafayette College 1861–68, and of Latin 1868–82. Colenso (kō-len'sō), John William. Born at St. A us tell, Cornwall, Jan. 24, 1814: died at Durban, Natal, June 20, 1883. An English divine, appointed bishop of Natal in 1853. He was educated at Cambridge, and was tutor in St. John's College 1842-46. From that date until 1853 he was vicar of Forncett St. Mary in Norfolk. He published elementary treatises on arithmetic and algebra, volumes of sermons, works on the Zulu language, a "Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans" (1861), "The Pent a teuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined" (1862-79), etc. His writings on the Old Testament, in which he took very advanced critical ground, awakened great and bitter opposition; he was excommunicated by Bishop Gray, metropolitan of Cape Town (a proceeding afterward declared to be null and void), and was subjected to attacks from many quarters. Coleone, Bartolommeo. See Colleoni . Colepeper (kōl'pep"ėr), John. Died in England, June 11, 1660. An English royalist politician, first Lord Colepeper, son of Sir John Colepeper of Wigsell, Su ex. He became a member of the Long Parliament in 1640; took part in the proceedings against Str afford; supported the episcopacy and opposed the Scottish demand for religious union; became a privy councilor and chancellor of the exchequer Jan. 2, 1642; and was thenceforth an influential adviser of the king. He followed Charles to York; fought at the battle of Edge hill; became master of the rolls Jan. 28, 1643; and accompanied the Prince of Wales (Charles II.) to France in 164sup remained until his death a councilor and active supporter of the prince. Cole pepper, Captain John. A bully and murderer in Sir Walter Scott's "Fortunes of Nigel." He is sometimes known as Peppercul . Cole raine (kōl-rān'). A municipal borough in County London derry, Ireland, situated on the Bann in lat. 55° 8' N., long. 6° 41′ W. It is noted for its linen manufactures. Population (1891), 6,845. Cole ridge (kōl'rij), Derwent. Born at Kes wick, England, Sept. 14, 1800: died at Torquay, April 2, 1883. An English clergyman and educator, son of Samuel Taylor Cole ridge. He was master of the grammar-school at Helston, Cornwall, 18251840; principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea, 1841-64; and rector of Hanwell 1864-80. Cole ridge, Hartley. Born at Clevedon, Somersets hire, Sept. 19, 1796: died at Rydal, West more land, Jan. 6, 1849. An English poet and man of letters, son of Samuel Taylor Cole ridge. He published "Biograph i a borealis" (1833), republished as "Worthies of Yorkshire and Lancashire" (1836), and an edition of Mas singer and Ford (1840), etc. His poetical and prose remains were edited by his brother Derwent Cole ridge in 1851. His life was one of misfortune, due to an exceptionally sensitive, shy, and ineffectual character. Cole ridge, Henry Nelson. Born at Ottery St. Mary, England, Oct. 25, 1798: died Jan. 26, 1843. An English lawyer and man of letters, nephew of Samuel Taylor Cole ridge, and husband of Sara Cole ridge. He became his uncle's literary executor, and edited several of his works, besides publishing his "Table Talk." Cole ridge, Herbert. Born at Hampstead, England, Oct. 7, 1830: died at London, April 23, 1861. An English lawyer and philologist, son of Henry Nelson Cole ridge, and grandson of Samuel Taylor Cole ridge. He was one of the origi. nal promoters and practically the first general editor of the dictionary at first designed by the Philological Society to supply the deficiencies of Johnson's and Richardson's, but which in the hands of later editors has developed into the "New English Dictionary, on Historical Principles," Cole ridge, John Duke, Baron Cole ridge. Born Dec. 3, 1820: died June 14, 1894. An English jurist, son of Sir John Taylor Cole ridge. He became chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1873, and lord chief justice of England in 1880. Cole ridge, Sir John Taylor. Born at Tiverton, England, 1790: died at Ottery St. Mary, Feb. 11,1876. An English jurist, nephew of Samuel Taylor Cole ridge, justice of the King's Bench 1835-58. He edited Black stone's "Commentaries" (1825). in proce of publication since 1884. Cole ridge, Samuel Taylor. Born at Ottery St. Mary, Devons hire, England, Oct. 21, 1772: died at High gate, London, July 25, 1834. An English poet, philosopher, and literary critic. He studied, with a short interruption, at Cambridge 1791-94, when he left without a degree. Soon after this he formed, with Southey, George Burnett, and others, the project of establishing a communistic society on the Susquehanna River, a scheme which was never executed owing to want of funds. He married Sara Fricker, the sister of Southey's wife, in 1795; and in the same year settled at Bristol, where the first volume of his poems was published in 1796. He began in 1796 the publication of a weekly periodical, entitled "The Watchman," of which only ten numbers appeared. In 1798 he published, in conjunction with Words worth, the "Lyrical Ballads," contributing the "Ancient Mariner," the "Nightingale," and two scenes from "Osorio" (afterward "Remorse"). In 1798 he accepted an Wedgwood, and in the same year went to Germany, where annuity of £150 from the brothers Josiah and Thomas he studied physiology and philosophy some months at the University of Göttingen. He returned to England in 1799, and in 1800 settled at Keswick, the home of Southey and Words worth. He was secretary to the governor of Malta 1804-05. Subsequently, owing to domestic difficulties, aggravated by his habit of taking opium, he separated from his wife and went to London, where he lectured to fashionable audiences on Shakspere, the fine arts, and cognate subjects. In 1816 he became the guest of Mr. Gillman, a physician of London, in whose house he spent the rest of his life. Among his works are "Remorse, Tragedy" (1813), “Christ a bel" (1816), “Biograph i a Literaria" (1817), "Aids to Reflection in the Formation of a Manly Character" (1825), etc. "Literary Remains" edited Shedd (1853-54). by H. N. Cole ridge (1836-39), complete works edited by a Cole ridge, Sara. Born at Greta Hall, near Keswick, England, Dec. 22, 1802: died at London, May 3, 1852. An English writer, daughter of Samuel Taylor Cole ridge, and wife (1829) of Henry Nelson Cole ridge. She is best known as the editor, after her husband's death, of her father's writings. Coles (kōlz), Cowper Phipps. Born 1819: lost at sea, Sept. 7, 1870. An English naval officer who served with distinction at Sebastopol in 1854. He gave much attention to the construction of turreted ships, and claimed to be the originator (a claim disproved in favor of Eric on and others) of the monitor type of iron-clad ships. He lost his life by the capsizing of the Captain (a ship of this cla constructed under his own supervision) in a gale off Cape Finisterre, in which 523 persons were drowned. Coles, Edward. Born in Albemarle County, Va., Dec. 15, 1786: died at Philadelphia, July 7, 1868. An American politician, governor of Illinois 1823-26. He prevented, after a bitter and pro control of the State. tracted struggle, the pro-slavery party from obtaining Coles, Elisha. Born at Wolver hampton, England, about 1640: died at Galway, Ireland, Dec. 20, 1680. An English school-teacher, stenographer, and lexicographer. He was the author of a work on shorthand (1674), "An English Dictionary, explaining the difficult terms that are used in divinity, etc." (1676: and several subsequent editions), "A Dictionary, English-Latin and Latin-English" (1677: and several later editions), etc. Colet (kol'et), John. Born at London, 1466: died at London, Sept. 16, 1519. A noted English theologian and cla ical scholar, dean of St. Paul's (1505), and founder of St. Paul's School (1512). He was the intimate friend of Erasmus and More, and one of the chief promoters of the "new Colet (ko-la'), Madame (Louise Révoil). Born at Aix, France, Sept. 15, 1810: died at Paris, learning" and indirectly of the Reformation. March 8, 1876. A French poet, novelist, and general writer. Her works include "Les fleurs du midi" (1837), "Lui, roman contempo rain” (1859), "Les dévotes du grand monde" (1873), etc. Colfax (kol'faks), Schuyler. Born at New York, March 23, 1823: died at Mankato, Minn., Jan. 13, 1885. An American statesman, Vice President of the United States 1869-73. He was member (Republican) of Congre from Indiana 1855-69, Collé, Charles and speaker of the House of Representatives 1863-69. He was implicated in the Crédit Mobilier scandal in 1873, but denied the truth of the charges brought against him. Colico (kol'e-kō). A town in northern Italy, on Lake Como, situated near its northern extremity 27 miles northeast of Como. Coligny, or Coligni (ko-lēn-yē' or ko-lēn'yē), Gaspard de. Born at Châtill on-sur-Loing, France, Feb. 16, 1517: killed at Paris, Aug. 24, 1572. A celebrated French general and Huguenot leader, son of Gaspard de Coligny, marshal of France. He was presented at the court of Francis L. by his uncle the constable Anne de Montmorency in 1537, was knighted by Condé on the field of Cérisolles in 1544, became admiral of France in 1552, and was taken prisoner of war by the Spaniards at St. Quentin in 1557. On his return to France he openly embraced Calvin ism, and, taking advantage of his official position, made several attempts to establish colonies in America as places of refuge for the Huguenots, including the expedition of Jean Ribault in 1562 and that of Laudonnière in 1564. Civil war having broken out in 1562, he was chosen second in command of the Huguenot forces. The murder of the Prince of Condé after the battle of Jarnac (1569) placed him at the head of the Huguenot party until superseded by Henry of Navarre, in whose name he fought the disastrous battle of Mon contour the same year. His victory over the Catholics at Arnay-le-Duc June 27, 1570, however, resulted in the peace of St. Germain, concluded Aug. 8, 1570. On the occasion of the marriage of Henry of Navarre with Margaret of Valois, sister of Charles IX., he visited Paris, where, although treated with apparent cordiality by the king, he was murdered in his chamber in the presence of the Duke of Guise, falling as the first victim of the ma acre of St. Bartholo mew. Colima (kō-lē'mä). 1. A state in Mexico, lying between Jalisco on the north, Michoacan on the east, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Area, 2,704 square miles. Population (1895), 55,677.-2. The capital of this state, in lat. 19° 12′ N., long. 103°40′ W. Population (1895), 19,305.-3. A volcano in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, situated about 40 miles northeast of the city of Colima. It was in eruption in 1869, in 1881, and since 1890. Height, about 12,750 feet. - 4. A nevado, or snowy mountain, on the boundary of Colima and Jalisco. Height, 14.364 feet. Colimas (kō-lē'mäz). [Pl.] An Indian tribe of New Granada, which lived on the right bank of the Magdalen a River and in the valley of the Rio Negro northwest of the present site of Bogotá. They had little civilization, but built fixed villages. The Colimas, at the time of the conquest, were in alliance with the Musos, Pan i quit as, and other tribes against their common enemies, the Chibchas: probably these tribes were ethnologically related. They resisted the Spaniards fiercely, and were soon destroyed. Colin Clout (kol'in klout). A poem by Skelton: a satire against the clergy of his time. Colin Clout's Come Home Again. A poem by Edmund Spenser, published 1595. Spenser took the name from Skelton, and called himself Colin Clout in all his poems. Colin Clout is also a character in Gay's pastoral "The Shepherd's Week." Colins (ko-lan'), Alexander. Born at Mechlin, Belgium, 1526: died at Innsbruck, Tyrol, Aug. 17, 1612. A Flemish sculptor. His best works are at Innsbruck (mausoleum of Maximilian I., etc.). His works in wood and in ivory are also noted. Coll (kol). An island of the Inner He brides, Argylls hire, Scotland, lying west of Mull. Length, 13 miles. Colla (kol'yä). [From the Indian tribe of the same name.] A province of the Inca empire of Peru, lying south of Cuzco, and embracing a portion of the Titicaca basin. It corresponded to the modern Collao (which see). Collamer (kol'a-mer), Jacob. Born at Troy, N. Y., 1792: died at Wood stock, Vt., Nov. 9, 1865. An American politician, postmaster general 1849-50, and United States senator from Vermont 1855-65. Collao (kōl-yä'ō). A region in southern Peru, embracing the Peruvian portion of the Titicaca basin. The name is also extended to adjacent parts of Bolivia. The Collao consists of elevated plains and hilly lands, nowhere le than 12,000 feet above the sea. It is limited on the east and west by two great chains of the Andean system, and northward the Vilcañota cro range separates it from the basin of Cuzco. The greater the Collao. part of the Peruvian department of Puno is included in Collappohyea. See Calapooya . Collas (kölyäz). An Indian tribe of Bolivia, now known as Aymarás (which see). Colla-suyu (kol'yä-sö'yö). ['Region of the Colla.'] A name given by the Incas to the southern quarter of their empire, embracing the highlands of Bolivia, and Peru south of Cuzco. Colle (kol'le). A small town in Tuscany, Italy, situated northwest of Siena. Collé (kō-lā'), Charles. Born at Paris, 1709: died there, Nov. 3, 1783. A French song-writer and dramatist. The Century Cyclopedia of Names Colle, Rafaello dal Colle (kol'le), Rafaello dal, or Rafaellino dal. Born at or near San Sepolcro, Tuscany, about 1490: died about 1540 (%). An Italian painter, pupil of Raphael (whence his surname Rafaellino). Colleen Bawn (kol'ēn bân), The, or The Brides of Garry-Owen. A play by Dion Boucicault, founded on Gerald Griffin's novel "The Collegians." It was first played on Sept. 10, 1860. A novel with this title was published in 1861. See Collegians , The . Collège de France (ko-lāzh' dė frons), or Collège Royal. An institution of learning founded by Francis I. in 1529. It was designed to promote the more advanced tendencies of the time, and to counteract the scholasticism of the university. It at first consisted of four chairs for instruction in Greek and Hebrew. Later were added medicine, mathematics, philosophy (in the reign of Henry II.), eloquence, botany, Arabic (Henry III.), and Syriac (Louis XIII.). In 1789 there were 18 chairs; in 1835 there were 24 chairs. There are about 40 at the present time. The Collège Royal, or Collège de France, was at first dependent upon the university for lecture-rooms. In 1610 a new building was commenced, which has been finished in the present century. Collège Mazarin (ko-lāzh' mä-zä-ran'). A col Collier, Jeremy. Born at Stow-cum-Qui, Cambridge shire, Sept. 23, 1650: died at London, April 26, 1726. An English nonjuring clergyman, celebrated as a controversialist. He was graduated at Cambridge in 1673, was rector of Ampton in Suffolk 1679-85, and removed to London in the latter year, where he was for some time lecturer at Gray's Inn. A political pamphlet in which he maintained that the withdrawal of the king was not an abdication, and that the throne was not vacant, caused his imprisonment for a short time in New gate in 1688, and in 1692 he was again imprisoned, for political reasons. In 1696 he, with two other nonjuring clergymen, attended Sir John Friend and Sir William Parkyns (who were condemned to death as conspirators against the life of William) to the scaffold and absolved them, and, having concealed himself to avoid arrest, was outlawed (July 2). He wrote a large number of controversial pamphlets, a "Historical, Geographical, Genealogical, and Poetical Dictionary "(1701-21), a learned "Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain to the End of the Reign of Charles II." (1708-14), and the famous "Short View of the Immorality and Profanene of the English Stage" (1698). The last work was a vigorous attack upon the coarsene of the contemporary theater, and produced a great impre ion, forcing from Dryden a confe ion of fault and a declaration of repentance, and unwilling recognition from other dramatists, and initiating a reformation. ... 1661. He endowed it, and gave it his library of 40,000 volumes. The building was erected on the site of the Tour de Nesle by the architect Le Vau, and was finished in 1672. In 1674 the new college was incorporated in the university. Its object was the gratuitous instruction and sustenance of sixty sons of gentlemen living in the four newly acquired provinces, Piguerol, Alsace, La Flandre, and Rou illon; hence its name "Collège des Quatre Nations" ('College of the Four Nations'). College of the Four Nations. Mazarin . College of William and Mary. and Mary College . See Collège See William Collegians (ko-lē'ji-anz), The. A novel by Gerald Griffin, i ued anonymously in 1829. In 1861 an edition was produced, illustrated by Phiz, and called "The Colleen Bawn, or The Collegian's Wife." See Colleen Bawn . Collegiants (ko-lē'ji-ants). A sect founded near Leyden, Holland, in 1619, the societies of which are called colleges . The sect spread rapidly in the Netherlands, and is still maintained there and in Hanover. Colleoni (kol-lā-ō'nē), or Coleone (kō-lā-ō'ne), Bartolommeo. Born at Solza, near Bergamo, 1400: died Nov. 4, 1475. A noted Italian mercenary commander, the foremost tactician and disciplinarian of the 15th century. He was of an ancient and noble family which exercised a minor sovereignty over the province of Bergamo. He served in his youth under the principal condottieri , or mercenary gen erals, of the time; and in wars between Milan Venice followed his advantage by serving either side at discretion. The Visconti of Milan cast him into prison, and the Council of Ten at Venice conspired for his a a ination. In 1454 he finally became generali imo of the land forces of Venice, and retained this post until his death. He was a patron of the arts. The most notable works which celebrate his greatne are the statue by Verrocchio and Leopard i in Venice, the best equestrian statue in existence (see Verrocchio and Leopard i ); the castle of Malpaga, near Bergamo, with its frescos; and the Colleoni chapel in the Alta Citta at Bergamo, with the tombs of Bartolommeo and his daughter Medea. The statue by Verrocchio stands before San Giovanni e Paolo in Venice. It was cast in 1496, and is the second equestrian statue of the 11, 1789: died at Maidenhead, Sept. 17, 1883. An English journalist, lawyer, and Shaksperian critic. He was a reporter for the "Times" 1809critic, and editorial writer for the "Morning Chronicle" 1821, and parliamentary reporter, dramatic and literary, 1821-47. In 1847 he was appointed secretary of the royal commi ion on the British Museum, and continued in that office until 1850, when he returned to Maidenhead. He published a new edition of Dodsley's "Old Plays" (1825-27), a "History of English Dramatic Poetry and Annals of the Stage" (1831), an edition of Shakspere (18421844), "Shakespeare's Library" (1844), "A Booke of Rox burg he Ballads" (1847), "Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company" (1848-49), "The Dramatic Works of Thomas Heywood" (1850-51), "The Works of Edmund Spenser" (1862), a "Biographical and Critical Account of the Rarest Books in the English Language" (1865), "An Old Man's Diary-Forty Years Ago" (1871-72), an edition of Shakspere His able and work on the older English literature is marred and brought under general suspicion by a series of literary frauds which he committed, of which the most notable is his use and defense of spurious annotations "by a seventeenth century hand" which he profe ed to have found on the margin of a copy of the second folio Shakspere originally belonging to one "Thomas Perkins," and since known as the "Perkins Folio." Colline Gate (kol'in gat). [L. porta collina .] A gate at the northeastern extremity of ancient Rome. Near here, Nov., 82 в. с., Sulla defeated the Samnites under Pontius. Colling wood (kol'ing-wud), Cuthbert. Born at Newcastle-on-Tyne, Sept. 26, 1750: died at sea near Port Mahon, Balearic Islands, March 7, 1810. A noted English admiral, created Lord Colling wood in 1805. He was appointed lieutenant for his services, with a party of seamen, at the battle of Bunker Hill; was promoted to commander (suc ceeding Nelson) in 1779; served with distinction in command of the Excellent in the battle off Cape St. Vincent Feb. 14, 1797; became rear-admiral in 1799, with a command in the Channel fleet, and vice-admiral in 1804; was second in command at the battle of Trafalgar; and on Nelson's death, in that action, succeeded to the chief command. uralism the haughty and formidable mercenary The rich marble pedestal has Corinthian columns and entablature. Collet (kol'et), John. Born at London about 1725: died at Chelsea, Aug. 6, 1780. An English painter, chiefly of humorous scenes from low life. Collet on (kol'e-ton), James. Governor of South Carolina 1686-90. He received with his appointment the dignity of landgrave and 48,000 acres of land. He attempted in vain to enforce the recognition of Locke's constitution by the colonial parliament. He was deposed and banished by the colonists on the proclamation of William and Mary, 1690. Colletta (kol-let'tä), Pietro. Born at Naples, Jan. 23, 1775: died at Florence, Nov. 11, 1833. A Neapolitan general. He was made intendant of Calabria by Murat in 1808, obtained the rank of general in 1812, was one of the leaders of the constitutional party under the Bourbons, and on the outbreak of the revolution of 1820 was sent as viceroy to Sicily. He was named minister of war in Feb., 1821, but was banished through Austrian intervention and retired to Florence, He wrote "Storia del reame di Napoli 1734-1825" (1834)。 Colliberts (kol-e-bar'). A despised race for merly existing in several parts of France, afterward chiefly found in Poitou, where they lived in boats on the rivers, but now nearly extinct. Collier (kol'yer), Arthur. Born at Langford Magna, Wilts hire, Oct. 12, 1680: died there, 1732. An English clergyman and metaphysical writer, rector of Langford after 1704. His chief work is his "Clavis Universal is, or a New Inquiry into Truth, being a Demonstration of the Non-existence or Impo ibility of an External World" (1713), in which he propounds a subjective idealism closely resembling that of Berkeley. Ontario, Canada, situated on Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, 72 miles northwest of Toronto. Population (1901), 5,755. Colling wood. A northeastern suburb of Melbourne, Australia. Collins (kol'inz), Anthony. Born at Heston or Isle worth, near London, June 21, 1676: died at London, Dec. 13, 1729. A noted English deist, a disciple and friend of John Locke. He published "An E ay Concerning the Use of Rea son" (1707), "Priestcraft in Perfection" (1709), a "Dis. course on Freethinking" (1713), "A Philosophical Enquiry Concerning Human Liberty" (1715), "A Discourse on the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion (1724), etc. Collins, Charles Allston. Born at Hampstead, near London, Jan. 25, 1828: died at London, April 9, 1873. An English painter (of the Pre raphae lite school) and writer, brother of William Wilkie Collins. He married the younger daughter of Charles Dickens. Collins, John. Born at Bath, England, about 1742: died at Birmingham, England, May 2, 1808. An English actor and poet. Collins, Mortimer. Born at Plymouth, England, June 29, 1827: died at Knowl Hill, Berks hire, July 28, 1876. An English novelist, poet, and miscellaneous writer. He was mathematical master of Queen Elizabeth's College, Guernsey, 1850 (?)-56, and after 1862 was occupied with literary work at his residence at Knowl Hill. He published "Idyls and Rhymes" (1865), "Sweet Anne Page" (1868), "The Inn of Strange Meetings, and Other Poems" (1871), "The Secret of Long Life" (1871), etc. Collins, Rev. Mr. A character in Jane Aus Collyer, Robert ten's novel "Pride and Prejudice." He is a self-conceited toady. IMG:content-0362.png:[ocr errors] Collins, William. Born at Chi chester, England, Dec. 25, 1721: died there, June 12, 1759. An English poet. He was the son of a hatter who was twice mayor of Chi chester; studied at Winchester and at Oxford, where he was graduated B. A. Nov. 18, 1743; and about 1745 went to London to follow literature as a profe ion. The later years of his life were obscured by insanity. He published "Persian Eclogues (1742: republished as "Oriental Eclogues" 1757), "Odes" (1746), etc. His works have been edited by J. Langhorne (1765), Mrs. Barbauld (1797), A. Dyce (1827), and others. Collins, William. Born at London, Sept. 8, 1788: died at London, Feb. 17, 1847. A noted English landscape and figure painter, father of William Wilkie Collins. Collins, William Wilkie. Born at London, Jan. 8, 1824: died there, Sept. 23, 1889. An English novelist, son of William Collins (17881847): author of "The Dead Secret" (1857), "The Woman in White" (1860), "No Name" (1862), "Armadale" (1866), "The Moonstone" (1868), "The New Magdalen" (1873), "Man and collaboration with Charles Dickens, appeared Wife" (1870), etc. "No Thoroughfare," in as a Christmas story in 1867. Collins on (kol'in-son), James. Born at Mans field, Nottingham shire, about 1825: died April, 1881. An English painter, one of the original members of the Pre raphae lite Brotherhood, which he abandoned about 1850. His work was unimportant. Collins on, Peter. Born in West more land (?), England, Jan. 14, 1694: died in E ex, England, Aug. 11, 1768. An English botanist and natural philosopher. Collioure (ko-lyör'). A town in the department of Pyrénées-Orient a les, France, situated on the Mediterranean 15 miles southeast of Perpignan. It has a castle and considerable trade in cork. Population (1891), commune, 3,411. Cölln (keln), Georg Fried rich Wilibald Ferdinand von. Born at Örlinghausen, Lippe, Germany, 1766: died at Berlin, May 31, 1820. A German publicist. His works include "Vertraute Briefe," etc. (1807-09), “Neue Feuerbrände" (1807-08), etc. Collombet (ko-lôn-bā'), François Zénon. Born at Siéges, Jura, France, March 28, 1808: died at Lyons, Oct. 16, 1853. A French Roman Catholic historian and littérateur. He wrote "His toire de St. Jérôme” (1844), and many other historical and critical works. Collop Monday (kol'op mun'dā). The day before Shrove Tuesday: named from the custom of eating collops of salted meat and eggs on that day. Born Colloredo (kol-lō-rā'dō), Rudolf von. Nov. 2, 1585: died Jan. 24, 1657. An Austrian general in the Thirty Years' War. As field-marshal of the imperial army he succe fully defended Prague against the Swedes in 1648. Colloredo-Mansfeld (kol-lō-rāʼdō-mäns'feld), Hieronymus, Count von. Born at Wetzlar, Germany, March 30, 1775: died at Vienna, July 23, 1822. An Austrian general, distinguished in the campaign of 1813. Colloredo-Mels (mels) und Wall see (väl ́sā), Count Joseph Maria von. Born at Regensburg, Bavaria, Sept. 11, 1735: died Nov. 26, 1818. An Austrian general. He fought with distinction in the Seven Years' War, and was minister of state and conference, and director of the council of war 1805-09. Collot-d'Herbois (ko-lō'der-bwä'), Jean Marie. Born at Paris about 1750: died in Cayenne, South America, Jan. 8, 1796. A French actor and revolutionist, notorious for his brutality. He was deputy to the Convention in 1792, and a member of the Committee of Public Safety in 1793. In Nov. 1793, he was sent with Fouché as judge to Lyons, by Robes pierre, and executed his commi ion with great cruelty. An unsucce ful attempt upon his life was made May 23, 1794. Having become hostile to Robes pierre, he joined the succe ful conspiracy against him (9 Thermidor), but was neverthele expelled from the Convention (April, 1795) and transported. He published "Almanach du père Gérard" (1792). Collyer (kol'yer), Joseph. Born at London, Sept. 14, 1748: died Dec. 24, 1827. A noted English engraver, member of the Royal Academy, and engraver to Queen Charlotte. Collyer, Robert. Born at Keighley, Yorkshire, England, Dec. 8, 1823. An American Unitarian clergyman. He was apprenticed to a blacksmith about 1837; emigrated to the United States in 1850; settled at Shoemaker town, Pennsylvania, where he followed the trade of a hammer-maker; joined the Unitarian Church in 1859; became a mi ionary to Chicago, where in 1860 he founded the Unity Church; and in 1879 became pastor of the Church of the Me iah in New York city. He wrote "Nature and Life" (1866), "The Life that Now is" (1871), etc. Colman, George Colman (kōl'man), George, the elder. Born at Florence, Italy, 1732: died at Padding ton, London, Aug. 14, 1794. An English dramatist. His father, who was envoy at the court of Tuscany, died in 1733, and his mother then brought him to London. William Pulteney, afterward Earl of Bath, undertook the charge of him and sent him to Westminster School. He went to Oxford, where he was graduated from Christ Church in 1755, and, having been previously entered at Lincoln's Inn, was called to the bar in the same year. An intimacy with Garrick and a natural taste for literature interfered with his legal work, and he produced a number of plays (at first anonymously) with the a istance of Garrick, who played in them. In connection with the latter he wrote "The Clandestine Marriage," and a coolne arose between them as to Garrick's part in the cast. In 1767, having received two acce ions of fortune, he bought a fourth share in the Covent Garden Theatre. This completely alienated Garrick, and annoyed his friends, who wished him to continue in the law. He became acting manager. In 1774 he resigned the management, and in 1776, having been reconciled to Garrick, he bought the Hay market Theatre from Foote. In 1785 he had a stroke of paralysis, and finally grew so feeble in mind that he was put under restraint at Padding ton, where he died. He brought out alterations of many old plays, most of which were succe ful. Among his own plays are "Polly Honeycomb" (1760), "The Jeal ous Wife" (1761), "The Clandestine Marriage" (with Garrick, in 1776). In 1778 he brought out an edition of Beaumont and Fletcher. His dramatic and miscellaneous works have never been completely collected. Colman, George, the younger. Born Oct. 21, 1762: died at London, Oct. 26, 1836. An English dramatist, son of G. Colman the elder. He took charge of the Hay market when his father's health failed, but he became involved in pecuniary difficulties and was obliged to live within the rules of the King's Bench. He was released by George IV., who appointed him lieutenant of the Yeomen of the Guard, a dignity which he sold. The lord chamberlain made him examiner of plays, in which position he was extremely illiberal. Among his best-known plays are "The Poor Gentleman" (1802), "John Bull" (1805), "The Heir-at-Law" (1808). He also wrote a good deal of popular humorous poetry, including "My Nightgown and Slippers" (1797), "Broad Grins" (1802), and "Poetical Vagaries" (1812). He frequently wrote under the name of "Arthur Griffinhoofe." Colman, Samuel. Born at Portland, Maine, 1832. An American landscape-painter, a pupil of A. B. Durand. Colmar (kõl-mär'), or Kolmar (kol'mär). The capital of the district of Upper Alsace, Als a ceL or raine, situated on the Lauch 39 miles southwest of Strasburg. It contains a museum (formerly a Dominican monastery), and has large manufactures of cotton. It was formerly a free imperial city; was taken by the French in 1673; was ceded to them in 1678; and in the Revolution was made the capital of the department of Haut-Rhin. In 1871 it again became a German city. Population (1890), commune, 30,399. Colne (kōln). A town in Lancashire, England, 26 miles north of Manchester. It formerly manufactured woolen goods, an industry which has given place to cotton manufacture. Population (1891), including Marsden, 16,774. Colney Hatch (kōl'ni hach). A village in Middle sex, about 6 miles north of London, in which is the Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum, founded in 1851. Colocolo (kō-lō-kōlō). Born about 1490: killed in the battle of Quiapo, 1560 (according to some authorities, he died about 1570). An Araucanian chief of southern Chile, celebrated in the "Araucana" of Ercilla. Probably Ercilla's verses gave him undue prominence. Colocotronis. See Kolokotronis . Cologna-Veneta (kō-lōnʻyä-va-nā'tä). Atown in the province of Verona, Italy, 20 miles south. east of Verona. Cologne (kō-lōn'), G. Köln (kėln). 1. The capital of the government district of Cologne, situated on the west bank of the Rhine in lat. 50° 57′ N., long. 6° 57′ E.: the Roman Coloni a A grip pin a. It is the largest city of the Rhine Province, a fortre of the first cla , the center of the Rhine trade, and one of the principal commercial places in Germany. It has manufactures of eau de Cologne, sugar, tobacco, cathedral (see below), the Ringstra e, the Iron Bridge, the Municipal and Archiepiscopal Museums, the Museum of Industrial Art, the Rathaus (Hansa-Saal: see below), the monument of Frederick William III., and the churches of the Minorites, Gro St. Martin, St. Maria im Capitol, St. George, St. Sever in, St. Peter, St. Cecilia, Apostles, St. Pantaleon, St. Gereon, St. Ursula (see below), St. Andreas, Jesuits, and St. Cunibert. The cathedral, one of the great buildings of the world, was begun in 1248 The principal objects of interest are, besides the the site of an earlier church, and was completed only in 1880, after being wholly neglected from the 15th century until 1823. Its design was inspired by the cathedral of Amiens, and all that is best in its architecture is French, while the le admirable features are ind i geT he cathedral has double aisles, with polygonal nous. chevet, projecting transepts, and two enormous towers and spires at the west end. These, with the façade, have been completed according to the original design of the 14th century, which still exists. The towers and spires are so huge as to dwarf the vast cathedral. The façade has three great gabled portals filled with sculpture, and two tiers of huge canopied and traceried windows, to which the towers add two more stages beneath the springing of the spires. The effect is somewhat mechan sept-façades are of modern design, with rich tracery and arcading, and triple portals, sculptured and canopied. The upper part is too narrow, and its elaborate tracery does not fill the place of the great roses of French churches. The interior is exceedingly impre ive: it is notable for its 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. The fine choir-stalls are splendid gla , much of it modern, but much of the 13th, of the 15th century. The canopied statues supported on consoles on the pillars of the nave are architecturally a defect. The choir-chapels are of great beauty, and con tain some admirable paintings and sculptures. The cathedral is 468 feet long; its area, 91,464 square feet. The nave is 48 feet wide and 145 high. The western spires measure 512 feet, and were, until the completion of the Colorado tal of Ceylon, situated on the western coast in lat. 6° 55′ N., long. 79° 55′ E. It was fortified by the Portuguese in 1517, was taken from them by the Dutch in 1656, was ceded to the British in 1796, and is now an important coaling-station. Population (1891), 126,926. Colon (kō-lon'). See Asp in wall . Colonel Chabert (ko-lo-nel' shä-bar'), Le. A story by Balzac, written in 1832. Colonel Jack, History of. A tale by Defoe, published in 1722. The hero is a pickpocket who winds up his checkered career as a virtuous Virginia planter. Coloni a, or Coloni a del Sacramento (kō-lō'nē-ä del säk-rä-men'tō). A seaport in Uruguay, situated on the Rio de la Plata opposite Buenos cathedral of Ulm, the loftiest existing. The Rathaus, or town hall, is an interesting monument built between the 14th and 16th centuries on Roman foundations. The main structure is of the 14th century, battlemented, with high roof and traceried windows; the picturesque Ayres. tower and low spire are of the 15th. The Renai ance Coloni a A grip pin a (kō-lō'ni-ä ag-ri-pi'nä). See portico, in two arcaded stages with engaged Corinthian columns, is an admirable example of the local architectural Cologne. zati on Society . development. The great Hansa-Saal is adorned with good Colonization Society. See American Coloni- statues of medieval heroes, and with the emblazoned arms of patricians, burgomasters, and gilds. The Church of St. Ursula is a very early foundation in honor of the 11,000 martyred virgins, but often remodeled. The simple Pointed choir has recently been restored to its original form. There are curious old paintings of the legend of the virgins; and in the treasury, whose walls are covered with elaborate patterns formed of the bones of the virgins, are preserved the beautiful Romanesque shrine of St. Ursula, and a great number of other reliquaries in the form of female heads and busts. Cologne was an ancient town of the Ubii, Oppidum Ubiorum , and a Roman colony founded by A grip pin a in 51 or 50 A. D. Later it belonged to the Frankish empire, and in the 13th century became a Hanseatic town, and one of the principal commercial centers in Germany. It was a free imperial city, and is noted in the development of German architecture and painting. It was taken by the French in 1794, and was granted to Pru ia in 1815. Pop ulation (1900), commune, 372,229. 2. A government district in the Rhine Province, Pru ia. Population (1890), 826,827. Cologne, Electorate of. A former archbishopric and electorate of the German Empire. It extended mainly along the left bank of the Rhine, north and south of Cologne. It was made an archbishopric by Charles the Great in 785, acquired the duchy of Westphalia in 1180, was confirmed one of the seven electorates in 1356, and was secularized in 1801. In 1801 the portion on the left bank of the bat the hind became French territory tath at on