tribunal (tribunal)

[F. tribunal = Pr. tribunale = Sp. Pg. tribunal = It. tribunale, tice. I' the market-place, on a tribunal silver'd, Cleopatra and himself in chairs of gold Were publicly enthroned. Shak ., A. and C., iii. 6. 3. Hence-2. A court of justice. Fenwick... eluded the justice of the ordinary tribu Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xxii. nals. 3. Eccles ., the confe ional. - Revolutionary tribunal, in French hist ., an extraordinary court constituted in Paris by the Convention in March, 1793, ostensibly to take cognizance of attempts against the republic, the principles of the Revolution, and the public security. There was no appeal from its decisions; many persons, innocent as well as guilty, eminent and obscure, high and low, were condemned to death, and their property confiscated to the state. It was reorganized after the fall of Robes pierre in 1794, and suppre ed in June, 1795. There were also revolutionary tribunals in the departments. Tribunal of Penitentiaries. See penitentiary , 2 (c). tribunal-seat (tri-bü'nal-sēt), n. Same as tri bunal , 1. 6466 That little piece of work I commend unto you, as a thing whereof I doubt not to answer to my comfort before the tribunal - seat of Jesus Christ. J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 195. tribunary (trib'u-nā-ri), a. [ Such was the origin of the tribunate -which, in pro the plebeians. ce of time, opened all the honors of the government to Calhoun , Works, I. 94. tribute tribunicial, tribunitial (trib-u-nish'al), a. [ teristic of a tribune or of his power or functions. My lord Sejanus Is to receive this day in open senate The tribunitial dignity. B. Jonson , Sejanus, v. 7. This insolent tribunitial veto has long encumbered all our public affairs. B. Franklin , Autobiog., p. 331. tribunician, tribunitian (trib-u-nish'an), a. [= F. tribunitien (cf. It. tribunizio = Sp. tribu nicio ), The title of the tribunician power connected the monarch with the interest of the lower orders. W. W. Capes , The Early Empire, i. tribunicioust, tri bun it i oust (trib-u-nish'us), a. [ The creation of the tribunate did, neverthele , transform the constitution. W. Wilson, State, § 154. tribunel (trib'ūn), n. [ tribun (pl. trib unes), tribun = Sp. Pg. It. tri buno = D. tribuun = G. Sw. Dan. tribun , tribunus , a commander, tribune, magistrate (see tative a tribe, tribus , a tribe: see tribe .] def.), orig. the chief of a tribe, or the represen1. In Rom. hist ., originally, a magistrate presiding over a tribe, or representing a tribe for certain purposes; specifically, a tribune of the people ( tribunus pleb is ), an officer or magistrate chosen by the people, from the time of the sece ion (probably in 494 B. c.), to protect them tribus (tri'bus), n.; pl. tribus . [NL.: from the oppre ion of the patricians or nobles, In zoöl . and bot . , a tribe as a cla ificatory and to defend their liberties against any attempts upon them by the senate and consuls. tributarily (trib'ū-ta-ri-li), adv . In a tributary Let them not come in multitudes, or in a tribunitious manner, for that is to clamour councils, not to inform them. Bacon, Counsel (ed. 1887).: see tribe .] group. manner. Their persons were inviolable, and any one who transgre ed in regard to the respect due them was as outlawed. These magistrates were at first two, but their number was tributarine (trib'ū-tā-ri-nes), n. The state increased to five and ultimately to ten, which last number of being tributary. Bailey, 1727. appears to have remained unaltered down to the end of the empire. The tribunes figured especially in the a embly of the tribes ( comitia tributa ); they could inflict no direct punishment, but could propose the imposition of fines, and from their personal inviolability could afford protection to any person. With the advance of time, they could bring an offending patrician before the comitia, could sit in the senate, could stop summarily proceedings instituted before any magistrate, could propose measures of state to the comitia or the senate, and finally could even i ue peremptory edicts and suspend decrees of the senate. Their powers were greatly curtailed by the emperors. The name tribune was also given to any one of general officers of the legions ( tribunus militar is ), and to certain other officers, as the tribunus voluptatum, or superintendent of public amusements, of Diocletian and later. 2. Hence, one who upholds or defends popular rights; a champion of the people. In this sense the word is used as the name of various newspapers. That great tribune , Mr. Bright. Nineteenth Century, XXVI. 735. tribunel (trib'ūn), v. t.; pret. and pp. tribuned, ppr. tribuning. [ These E entialls must not be Ephorized or Tribuned by one or a few Mens discretion, but lineally sanctioned by Supreame Councels. N. Ward , Simple Cobler, p. 54.