ZULA

(15° 12’ N., 39° 36’ E.), town, on Red Sea, Eritrea; occupies. site of ancient. Adulis. ‘=. Drained by Tugela, which forms Umkuzi, Pongola, and other streams. 'Chief lake, St. Lucia. Climate’ unhealthy on coast. Produces cereals, ‘sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco; cattle and isheep raised. Gold. and: coal exist, but ‘are little worked. There is a railway ‘line of c. 100 m. Inhabitants chiefly | Zulus. | |) Importance dates from early 19th 'cent., when the Zulus waged war against and conquered great’ number of surlrounding tribes. Under Chaka, king’ | (1800-28), the conquered tribes were ‘welded together into a strong and united: nation, and Zulu control was established over whole country between Cape Colony and Zambezi. In 1838 Dingaan, brother and succe or of Chaka, excited hostility of early Boer settlers i Natal by his treacherous murder of many of their number. War ensued, resulting in complete Zulu defeat im Dec. 1838; and! two years later Dingaam ‘was. deposed in favor of his brother, Panda, and was murdered. Panda, who reigned until 1872, made an agreement in 1843 yielding certain districts to Britain. Both he and his succe or, Cetewayo, engaged in various boundary disputes with Boers of Transvaal. In 1879. war broke out between Zulus: and British, on occasion of Cetewayo’s failure to reply to an ultimatum sené iby Sir Bartle Frere, in Dec. 1878, deimanding various conce ions which |'were designed to reduce Zulu power. | British, under General Thesiger, in=- |vaded country in Jan. 1879, in which ‘month Zulus gained great victory at ‘Isandula; but they were defeated at | Ulundi in July, upon which they submitted to British. Brit: Government, however, refused then to annex country, | part of which was subsequently taken by | Boers; in 1887 the remainder was annexed to Britain, being incorporated with Natal in 1898. In 1906 a Zulu rising was suppre ed. In 1910 the colony was ei hid in bean aed aa 9 ee becomg an orig prov. of the Union. Area,. bat sq. M.; pop. 235,000. See map RICA.