Calico Printing

This art can be traced to 2,000 years before the Christian era, the oldest known coloring matter being probably indigo. The name calico is derived from Calicut, in India, whence it was first imported into England 1627, was first manufactured in Switzerland 1689 and in 1746 at Mulhouse, France. The principal countries in order of importance engaged in the industry are England, U. S., France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and Ru ia. The most primitive way of partially dyeing cloth was by previously binding it with cord. In those places where most firmly tied the color would not penetrate, and the result was a calico of a simple pattern of dyed and undyed spots. Next came the "resist," in which some substance such as pipe clay, wax, etc., was applied, which would prevent the cloth from absorbing the dye and thus leave a colored cloth with uncolored figures. This led to block printing, in which the dyestuff was applied by the "block," a smooth piece of wood or metal which had the design cut or etched upon it. This was dipped into the color, the exce removed, and then pre ed upon the cloth either by hand or pre . The "Perrotine" was the most noted of block pre es. Next came the roller printing-machine. In this the design is etched or cut in a smooth copper roller, each color requiring an individual roller. The largest machines have twenty rollers and can produce a design of twenty tints; usually four to six are used. In the calico printing machine the cloth enters the machine already bleached and singed, being backed by a piece of unbleached material and a blanket. The latter prevents injury to the etched roller from friction and aids the cloth in absorbing the dye. The rollers through which the cloth pa es consist of the one with the design and a smooth roller working IMG:content-0682.jpg:[blocks in formation] extortions, and plundered Gaul; built a temple to himself as Jupi- ter Latiaris, and was murdered. IMG:content-0683.png:[graphic] IMG:content-0684.jpg:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0685.png:[merged small][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][graphic][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed] i C. palustris is a small plant of the same family, inhabiting cold bogs in the n. hemisphere.