Dykes, James Oswald

D.D. (Edinburgh, 1873), Presbyterian; b. at Port Glasgow, near Greenock, Scotland, Aug. 14, 1835; graduated at University of Edinburgh, M.A., 1854; and studied theology at New College, Edinburgh, 1854-58, and at Heidelberg and Erlangen 1856. In 1859 he was ordained, and installed minister of the Free Church at East Kilbride, County Lanark, Scotland. In 1861 he became colleague of the Rev. Dr. R. S. Candlish, in the pastorship of Free St. George's, Edinburgh; but compelled to resign (1864) by reason of his health, he was from 1864 to 1867 in Australia, and in Victoria delivered theological lectures, and filled other temporary posts in the Presbyterian Church. In 1869 he became minister of the Regent-square Presbyterian Church, London, which position he still holds. He is the author of On the Written Word, London, 1868; The Beatitudes of the Kingdom, 1872; The Laws of the Kingdom, 1873; The Relations of the Kingdom, 1874 (these three were collected in one vol., under title, The Manifesto of the King: an Exposition of the Sermon on the Mount, 1881); From Jerusalem to Antioch: Sketches of the Primitive Church, 1875, 2d ed. 1880; Abraham, the Friend of God: a Study from Old- Testament History, 1877, 3d ed. 1878; Sermons, 1882; The Law of the Ten Words, 1884. E. EBRARD, (Johannes He in rich) August, Ph.D., Lie. Theol. (Erlangen, 1841, 1842), D.D. (Basel, 1847), Reformed; b. at Erlangen, Jan. 18, 1818; studied at Erlangen and Berlin, 1835-39; became tutor in a family, 1839; privat-docent and repetent at Erlangen, 1841; profe or of theology at Zurich 1844, the same at Erlangen 1847; consistorial councillor at Speyer, 1853; retired at Erlangen, 1861; pastor of the French Reformed Church at Erlangen, 1875. His theological standpoint is " Reformed orthodox, in the sense of the Loudun Synod of 1660, which declared Amyraldism to be 'highly orthodox.'" He has published Wi enschaflliche Kritik d. evang. Geschichte, Erlangen, 1842, 3d ed. 1868 (Eng. trans., The Gospel History, Edinburgh, 1863); -Das Dor/ma uom he'd. A bendmahl u. s. Geschichte, Frankfurt-a.-M., 1845-46, 2 vols.; Christliche Dogmatik, Kdnigsberg, 1851, 2 vols., 2ded. 1862; Vorlesungen iiber praktische Theologie, 1864; Das Buch Hiob als poetisches Kunstwerk ubersetzt u. erklart, Landau, 1858; Handbuch d. christl. Kirchenu. Dogmengeschichte, Erlangen, 1865-66, 4 vols.; Die iroschottische Mi ions kir che d. 6. 7. u. 8. Jahrh., Giitersloh, 1873; Apologetik, 1874-75, 2 parts (2d ed., 1st part, 1878; 2d part, 1881); Bon if at i us, der Zerstorer d. columbanischen Kirchentums aufd. Festlande, 1882; Christian Ernst, 1885. Besides these, he has published sermons, edited and completed Olshausen's Commentary (Eng. trans., revised by Profe or A. C. Kendrick, N.Y., 1856-58, 6 vols.) by writing on Der Brief an die Hebraeer (Kdnigsberg, 1850), Die Offenbarunq Johannis (1853), and Die Briefe Johannis (1859),..(Eng. trans., Edinburgh, 1860; Swedish trans., Orebro, 1862); and under the pseudonymes, Gottfried Flammberg, Christian Deutsch, Sigmund Sturm, Schliemann d. j., a long series of Christian bellettristic productions. e.