Panathenaic Stadium

See Athens. republic, comprising (nearly) the Isthmus of Panama: formerly a department of Colombia; seceded in 1903. Area, 31,571 square miles. Population, 285,000.-2. A cathedral city and seaport, capital of Panama, situated on the Bay of Panama in lat. 8° 57′ N., long. 79° 32′ W. It is the terminus of the Panama Railway. It was founded in 1519 by Pedrarias, burned by Morgan's bucaneers in situated southeast of Mindoro and northwest of Negros. Area, 4,633 square miles. Panchala (pan-chä'la). The name of a country and people of ancient India (in the Mahabharata, in the Lower Doab; in Manu, near Kanauj; and according to Wilson, "extending north and west from Delhi, from the foot of the Him a lay as to the Chambal"). Pan chat antra (pan-cha-tantra). [Skt., 'hav- ing five divisions or books.] A celebrated San- skrit book of fables, one of the two sources of the Hitopadesha (which see), 25 of the 43 fables of the latter being found in it. From a now lost earlier Indian original of the Pan chat antra came a lost Pahlavi translation about 550 A. D.; from that the Syriac "Kalilag and Damnag" (570) and the Arabic "Kalilah and Dimnah" (750); from the Arabic, the unknown inter me- diary of Baldo's "Alter Æsop us " of the 12th century, the Latin intermediary of Don Alfonso's Spanish version of 1299, the Hebrew of Rabbi Joel of 1250, the Persian of Nasr Allah 1130, and the Greek of Symeon Seth 1080; from Rabbi Joel's Hebrew version, John of Capua's "Directorium humanæ vitæ" 1270, a Spanish version ("Exempla rio") in 1493, an Italian by Doni in 1552, and from that again the Eng- lish of Sir Thomas North of 1570, while from Rabbi Joel's Hebrew through John of Capua's "Directorium" came also Duke Eberhard's "Buch der Beispiele" of 1480; from the Persian of Nasr Allah 1130 came Abul Fazl's revision for Ak- bar of 1590, and thence a Turkish rendered into French, and the "Anwari Suhaili," or "Lights of Canopus," translated into English by Eastwick 1854; from the Greek of Symeon Seth 1080 came a Latin version published in Rome 1666, and an Italian published at Ferrara 1583. This tabulation by Lanman of the results of Benfey, given by him in the introduction to his Pan chat antra (Leipsic, 1859), and in Benfey's introduction to Bickell's "Kalilag und Damnag (Leipsic, 1876), shows the importance of the work in the history of folk-lore. It is the origin of the fables known throughout Europe as those of Pilpay or Bidpai. (See Pil- pay.) Besides the German version of Benfey, there is a French translation by Lancer eau with a discu ion of the history of the fables. IMG:content-0879.png:[blocks in formation] Panckoucke, Charles Louis Fleury. Born at Paris, Dec. 23, 1780: died there, July 12, 1844. A French publisher, translator, and writer, son of C. J. Panckoucke. Pancras (pan'kras), L. Pancratius (pan-kra'- shi-us), Saint. A martyr at Rome under Dio- Panda (pän'dä). See Igbira . Pandar eos (pan-da re-ōs). [Gr. Πανδάρεως .] In Greek legend, a native of Miletus who stole the golden dog made by Hephæstus from the tem- ple of Zeus in Crete, and gave it to Tantalus. For denying its po e ion Tantalus was buried under Mount Sipylus, and Pandar eos was slain. His daughters were brought up by Aphrodite. Pandar us (pan'da-rus). [Gr. Πάνδαρος .] In Greek legend, an ally of the Trojans during the siege of Troy, leader of the Zeleians or Lycian He is represented in medieval romance, and by Chaucer, on very slight evidence, but to be unquestionably, in the latter and more important circumstance, destitute of all foundation. Hallam , Lit., p. 53. Pandemos (pan-dē'mos). [Gr. πάνδημος , com- mon to all the people.] A surname of Aphro- dite, alluding both to her sensual character and to her function as the uniter of the scattered Panderpur (pun-der-pör'), or Pandharpur (pun- dar-pör'). A town in Sholapur district, Bom- bay, British India, situated on the Bhima about lat. 17° 41′ N., long. 75° 23′ E. It has a temple of Vishnu. Population (1891), 19,954. Pandies (pan'diz). [From Hind. panda , a Brah- man.] The Hindus; the Sepoys: especially applied by the British troops to the Sepoys in the Indian mutiny of 1857-58. Pandion (pan-di'on). [Gr. Πανδίων .] In Greek legend, a king of Athens, father of Procne and Philomela. Pandora (pan-dō'rä). [Gr. Πανδώρα , all-gifted, or all-giver.] In Greek mythology, the first woman, created by Hephæstus at the command of Zeus in revenge for the theft of fire from heaven by Pro me the us. The gods endowed her with beauty, cunning, and other attributes fitted to bring mis- fortune to man. She was given to Epimetheus, who, in ac- cepting the gift, brought down all the evils of life upon the human race. According to some accounts she became the mother of Pyrrha and Deucalion; according to others she was their daughter. In a later form of the legend she received from the gods a box containing the ble ings of life, which she opened, thus allowing all the ble ings (ex- cept hope) to escape. Pandosia (pan-do's hi-a). [Gr. Πανδοσία.] In ancient geography, a place in Bruttium, uttium, Italy, near the modern Cosenza. Here, 326 в. с., Alex- ander, king of Epirus, was defeated by the Brut- tians. Pandosto (pan-dos'tō), or the Triumph of Time. A romance by Robert Greene, published in 1588. It was based on a Polish romance. The second title is "The History of Dorastus and Fawnia": the later editions give this as the title. Shakspere founded his "Winter's Tale" on this story: the character of Pandosto was the original of Polixenes, king of Bohemia, in Shak- spere's play. Pandrosos (pan'dro-sos). [Gr. Πάνδροσος .] In Greek mythology, a daughter of Cecrops. She had a sanctuary at Athens. Pandu (pän'dö). [Skt., ‘the pale.] Brother of Dhritarashtra, king of Hast in a pur a and father of the Pandavas or Pandu princes. See Maha- Pandulf, or Pandulph (pan'dulf). Died 1226. A cardinal in the papal service, prominent in English politics in the reigns of John and Paneas (pan-e-as'). See Cæsarea Philippi . Pangani (päng-gä'nē). A seaport on the eastern coast of Africa, at the mouth of the Rufu or Rufa, about lat. 5° 30′ S. Pangaum. See Goa, New . Panglo (pan'glos), Doctor. ['All-tongues.'] 1. In Voltaire's "Candide," an obstinately op- timistic philosopher, the tutor of Candide. His Panjim. See Goa , New . favorite maxim is that "all is for the best in this Panmure, Baron. See Ramsay , Fox Maule . best of po ible worlds."-2. In Colman the Panna, or Punnah (pun'ä). A state in Bun- younger's play "The Heir-at-Law," a pedantic delkhand, India, under British control, inter- but gay and amusing prig, the tutor of Dick Dowlas: a satire on the mercenary and disrepu- table private tutors of the period. Pango-Pango (pang'gō-pang'gō). A large haven on the southern side of Tutuila in the Samoan Islands. It has been occupied by the United States as a coaling station since 1872. Pangu (päng'gö). See Kongo Nation. Pangwe (päng'we). See Fan . Panhandle, or Pan Handle (pan'han'dl). A popular name for: (a) The northern part of West Virginia, a projecting strip lying between tension of Texas. (c) The northern extension Panhellenius (pan-he-lē'ni-us). [Gr. Πανελλή- νιος , of all the Greeks.] In Greek mythology, a Pani. See Pawnee . Panicale. See Masolino da Panicale . Panini(pä'ni-ni). The greatest of Sanskrit gram- marians. He is said to have been born at Shalatura in the Gandhara country (Kandahar), northwest of Attock on the Indus. Pandects of Just in i an. [From Gr. πανδέκτης, surname of Zeus. all-containing.] A collection of Roman civil law made by the emperor Just in i an in the 6th century, containing decisions or judgments of lawyers, to which the emperor gave the force and authority of law. This compilation, the most important of the body of Roman civil law, consists of 50 books. Also called the Digest . Compare Corpus Juris. the west. It corresponded to Hungary south and west of the Danube, Slavonia, and parts of Lower Austria, Styria, Carniola, Croatia, and Bosnia; was made a Roman prov. ince by Tiberius; was divided by Trajan into Upper Pan- nonia in the west and Lower Pannonia in the east; was subdivided by Diocletian; and pa ed later to the East Goths, Lombards, Huns, Slavs, and Magyars. Panom-Penh, or Panompeng. See Pnom - Penh . Panopolis (pan-op'o-lis). [Gr. Πανόπολις, city of Pan.] The ancient name of Akhmim. Panoptes (pan-op'tēz). [Gr. Πανόπτης , all-seer.] A surname of Argus. Panormus (pa-nor'mus). [Gr. Πάνορμος, all- haven.] The ancient name of Palermo. The popular story, already much discredited, that the famous copy of the Pandects now in the Lauren tian Li brary at Florence was brought to Pisa from Amalfi, after the capture of that city by Roger, king of Sicily, with the aid of a Pisan fleet in 1135, and became the means of diffusing an acquaintance with that portion of the law through Italy, is shown by him [Savigny] not only to rest "Respecting his period nothing really trust. worthy is known, but he is with much probability held to have lived some time (two to four centuries) before the Christian era" (Whitney). His grammar consists of eight lectures, each divided into four chapters, and each of these into a number of sutras or aphorisms, the whole number of these being 3,996 or 3,997. It traces phenomena wherever found instead of cla ifying material, and is accordingly a sort of natural history of the language. To attain greater concisene an arbitrary symbolical language is coined, 17th century many of them were gathered into mi ion villages. The mi ionaries described them as savages of a rather low grade, but practising agriculture and po e - ing, it is said, the art of hieroglyphic writing on bark. The mi ions were broken up in 1767, and most of the Panos returned to their wild life, forming numerous petty tribes. The few remaining are friendly to the whites. Pano stock (päʼno stok). A linguistic stock of South American Indians, mainly in northern Peru near the Ucayale and Huallaga Rivers. It includes, among others, the Panos, Cachibos, Conibos Pano stock Setibos, Remos, etc., in Peru, the Mayo run as on the river Javary, the Paca guar as of the Beni, and po ibly the Car i punas of the Madeira. Most of the tribes are very savage, and enemies of the whites. De Pansa (pan'zä), Caius Vibius. Died 43 B. c. A Roman consul 43 B. c., the colleague of Hirtius. He was killed in the war against Antony.