Area, 1,093 square miles

Population (1893), 739,889, principally Flemish. Antwerp. A seaport of Belgium, and the capital of the province of Antwerp, situated on the Schelde 60 miles from the North Sea, in lat. 51° 13′ N., long. 4°24′ E. It is the chief commercial city of Belgium and one of the principal seaports of Europe, and also a strong fortre . It has extensive quays and docks, and is the terminus of the Red Star Steamship Line to New York, and of other steamship lines. The city was founded by the 7th century, and its most flourishing period was from the 14th to the 16th century. It suffered severely from the Inquisition, the "Spanish Fury" of 1576, and the "French Fury" of 1583. It was besieged by the Duke of Parma in 1584 and taken in 1585. The town was occu pied by the French in 1794, and was recovered from France and statesman. He became cardinal in 1847, and was president of the ministry 1847-48, and secretary of foreign affairs for the Papal States after 1850. in 1814. The citadel was taken, after a siege, by the French under Gérard from the Dutch under Cha é in 1832. The cathedral of Antwerp is the most important church in the IMG:content-0095.png:[blocks in formation] and became a Roman colony under August us. It has a Apelt (ä'pelt), Ernst Fried rich. Born at cathedral and important Roman antiquities. The cat he- dral is of the 11th century, with later medieval and modern restorations. There are two imposing towers at the sides of the apse, and several interesting tombs in the plain in- terior. The Pretorian Gate (porta dell a Trinita) of the ancient Roman walls survives in fair condition. There are three arched pa ages: that in the middle is 27 feet wide, those on the sides 74. The space between the two faces is nearly 40 feet. The arches are surmounted by a frieze and a range of corbels. There is also a Roman tri- umphal arch, an interesting and well-preserved monu- ment. It is 84 feet wide and 65 high, with a single arch 28 feet high between coupled unfluted Corinthian columns. The arch has a Doric entablature, with triglyphs at the angles. The attic is destroyed. Population, about 5,000. Aosta, Duke of. A title of A made us, king of Spain. Aosta, Valley of. The upper valley of the Dora Baltea in northwestern Italy. Apaches (ä-pä'chaz). [From the Cuchan and Maricopa e'patch , man, here applied in the sense of 'enemy.'] A people of the southern division of the At hap as can stock of North American Indians. In 1598 they occupied northwest- ern New Mexico, and between that date and 1629 roamed over the upper Gila drainage-area in southwestern New Mexico. In 1799 their range was from central Texas nearly to Colorado River, Arizona, and they have subsequently ex- tended their raids as far south as Durango, Mexico. The names by which the principal Apache tribes and subtribes have been known to history are Arivaipa, Chiricahui, Co- Anu (ä'no). The supreme god of the A yro- Babylonian pantheon. He was especially the god of heaven, and his consort Antu the "mother of the gods." His ancient seat of worship was in Uruk and later in Ur. In the time of the A yrian ascendancy his cult fell into the background, though theoretically he maintained the Apafi. See Abafi . first place in the hierarchy of the A yro-Babylonian di- Apalacha. See Apalachi . yotero, Far a one, Gileño, Jicarillo, Lipan, Llanero, Mesca- lero, Mimbreño, Mogollon, Naisha, Pinal Coyotero, Tchi- kun, and Tchishi. The Apaches are now on reservations in Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, and number about ed by Apalachi (ap-ä-lä che), or Apalache (-che), or Apalacha (-cha). A tribe of North American Indians, known since 1526, formerly dwelling in and around St. Mark's River, Florida, and northward to the Appal a chi an range. In 1688 the towns of the tribe or division were mentioned in a pe- Anzasca (än-tsäs'kä), Val d'. A picturesque Alpine valley in the province of Novara, Italy, titi on to Charles II. of Spain. About 1702 they were broken up and scattered, and are now extinct or absorbed. Also Appalachee . See Muskhogean. Apamea (ap-a-me'ä). [Gr. Ἀπάμεια .] In ancient geography, a city in Phrygia, Asia Minor, in (about) lat. 38° 3′ N., long. 29° 55′ E.: the Apamea. In ancient geography, a city in Syria, situated on the Orontes 50 miles southeast of ern Qal'at el Mudiq, originally called Pharnake. A pappus (a-pap'pus). See the extract. A pappus frequently appears and it may also be seen sculptured on the rocks at Wady Magharah, and at Ham mâmat, a station on the road between Keneh and Ko eir. The name A pappus signifies, in Egyptian, a giant, and this may be the basis of a tradition which describes him as being nine cubits high, and also says that he reigned a hundred years. Mariette, Outlines, p. 11. A past a mba (ä-pas-tam'bhä). The author of Su- tras connected with the Black Yajurveda and of cribed two recensions of the Taittiriyasamhita. Apaturia (ap-a-tu'ri-ä). [Gr. Ἀπατούρια .] In Greek antiquity, the solemn annual meeting of the phratries for the purpose of registering entitled them to citizenship. It took place in the the children of the preceding year whose birth The registration took place on the third day. month Pyanepsion (November), and lasted three days. Apava (ä'pa-vä). In the Brahma purana and the Harivansa, Apava performed the office of the creator Brahma, and divided himself into two parts, male and female. These produced Vishnu, who created Viraj, who brought ught into Apeldoorn (äʻpel-dorn). A small town in the province of Gelder land, Netherlands, situated of Arnhem. Near it is the castle of Loo. Apellas (a-pel'as). [Gr. Ἀπελλᾶς .] Lived about 400 в. с. A Greek sculptor. Apelles (a-pel'ēz). [Gr. Ἀπελλῆς .] A famous Greek painter of the time of Philip and Alex- ander. Three cities claimed to be his birthplace, Colo- phon, Ephesus, and Cos. He was a pupil first of an other wise unknown Ephoros, and later of the famous Pamphilos perhaps, the most perfect picture of antiquity, was the zati on may generally be traced. His greatest work, and, Aphrodite Anadyomene, originally painted for the temple Esculapius It was afterward bought by Augus- tus for 100 talents and placed in the temple of Cæsar in Rome. In Nero's time the nearly ruined picture was copied by Dorotheus. Apelles's model was supposed to have been Pancaste, the mistre of Alexander, or Phryne. posed to have been a half-length figure, and the subject was painted by Titian in this way in the Bridge water picture. Aphrodisias (af-rō-dis'i-as). [Gr. Ἀφροδισιάς . ] An ancient town of Caria, situated on the Menander: the modern Ghera. It contains the remains of an ancient hippodrome which coincide on one side with the city walls. Both ends are semicircular. The length is 919 feet, the breadth 270; the arena is 747 by 98 feet. There are 26 tiers of seats, divided into sec- tions by flights of steps and bordered above by an arcaded gallery. There is also a Roman temple of Venus, which pseud opted with us on the family is comparatively well preserved. It is Ionic, octastyle, statues of Melos in the Louvre, of Capua at Naples, Medicean in Florence, and the Capitoline in Rome. The nally a Latin godde of spring. Romans identified Aphrodite with Venus, who was origi- Aphrodite, Temple of. See Ægin a (Greece). Aphroditopolis (af"ro-di-top'ō-lis). [Gr. Άφρο- διτόπολις, city of Aphrodite.'1 διτόπολις, ‘city of Aphrodite.'] The name of sev- eral cities in ancient Egypt. Aphthonius (af-thō'ni-us), Ælius Festus. Lived about 300 A. D. A Greek rhetorician. He was the author of four books "de metris," which Marius Victor in us, about the middle of the 4th century, incorporated in his system of grammar. trat or, amba ador to England 1808, captain- general of Cuba 1812-16, and viceroy of New Spain (Mexico), Aug., 1816, to Aug., 1822. By energy combined with a spirit of conciliation, he in a great measure repre ed the revolutionists, defeating Mina, who was captured and executed (Nov., 1817), and driving Vi- cente Guerrero to the mountains. When Iturbide re- belled (1821) the viceroy was obliged to temporize, and the insurgents had gained important succe es before he left. For this reason he is surnamed "the Unfortunate." Apolda (ä-pol'dä). A town in the grand duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, 9 miles northeast of Weimar. It has manufactures of hosiery, woolen goods, machinery, dyes, bells, etc. Population (1890), 20,880. A poll in are in Cla e (ä-pol-lē-nä're in cläs'se), San. [See Cla is .] A church at Ravenna, Italy, begun in 534, the most important existing early-Christian basilica in Italy. In plan it is 93 feet by 173, measuring inside, with nave and aisles sep a- rated by 24 gray marble columns with round arches, and a raised semicircular tribune. There is a clearstory of double round-arched windows, and the wooden roofs are open. The narthex, now walled up, originally had open arcades. Nave and aisles have painted medallion-friezes of busts of the bishops and archbishops of Ravenna. The vault and walls of the tribune are covered with splendid mosaics of the 6th and 7th centuries. The picturesque circular campanile is of brick, 120 feet high, with many Apicius(a-pish'ius), Marcus Gabius. A famous Roman epicure who lived during the reigns of August us and Tiberius. Having, it was said, spent one hundred million sesterces (about $3,600,000) in procur- ing and inventing rare dishes, he balanced his accounts and found that he had only ten million sesterces ($360,000) left. Unwilling to starve on such a pittance, he destroyed himself. Apinji (ä-pēn'jē). A small Bantu tribe of the French Kongo, between the Ba-Kele and the Ashango. round-arched windows. A poll in are Nuovo (ä-pol-lē-nä're nö-ō'vō), San. A church at Ravenna, Italy, built by Theo- doric in the 6th century. In plan it is 115 by 315 feet, Apollo Belvedere (a-pol'ō bel-vā-dā're). Afa- mous statue in the Vatican, Rome. It is a fine antique copy of a Greek original in bronze - po ibly an offering set up at Delphi (it may be in connection with the Diana of Versailles, in the Louvre), in commemoration of the divine aid which (by a natural convulsion) repelled the Gallic hordes from the Delphic sanctuary in 279 B. с. The god stands as a vigorous youth, undraped except for a chlamys clasped round the neck and thrown over the extended left arm, apparently having just discharged an arrow whose flight he watches. The theory that the left hand held an ægis is not supported. Apollo Chresterios (a-pol'ō kres-tē'ri-os). Apollo Citharœdus (a-pol'o sith-a-rē'dus). with a single raised apse (bema), and a handsome narthex [Gr. Ἀπόλλων χρηστήριος .] Apollo of oracles. with a portico. The nave, 51 feet wide, with fine coffered the Corinthian capitals are surmounted by heavy Byzan- tine abaci. Above the arcades of the nave the walls are covered with very beautiful 6th-century mosaics. Apollinarians (a-pol-i-nā' sect deriving their name from A poll in aris the Younger, bishop of Laodicea in the 4th century. A poll in aris denied the proper humanity of Christ, at- tributing to him a human body and a human soul, or vital principle, but teaching that the Divine Reason, or Logos, took in him the place which in man is occupied by the rational principle. Apo (ä'po). A volcano in the central part of Mindanao, Philippines, over 10,000 feet high. Apocalypse, The. See Revelation . IMG:content-0096.png:[blocks in formation] Apollo Club. A famous club held in the 17th century at the Devil Tavern near Temple Bar. It was frequented by Ben Jonson, Randolph, Herrick, and others. Apollo of Tenea. An archaic Greek statue in the Glyptothek at Munich, probably represent- ing not Apollo but an athlete. It is important in sculpture as representing a type in a cla , unknown until late years, of early Greek undraped statues characterized by the awkwardne of artistic infancy. Apollo of Thera (the'rä). A statue of Apollo in the National Museum, Athens, a typical ex- ample of youthful manhood in Greek archaic sculpture. The figure is undraped. Apollo Sauroktonos (a-pol'ō sâ-rok'tō-nos). [Gr. Σαυροκτόνος, the lizard-slayer.] A statue in the Vatican, Rome. The god is represented as a A poll in aris, surnamed "The Younger." Died about 390. Bishop of Laodicea, and founder of the sect of the Apollinarians. A poll in aris Fountain (a-pol-i-na'ris foun'- tan). A mineral spring near Neuenahr, 25 miles northwest of Coblentz, Pru ia, discov- ered in 1853. Its waters are largely exported. A poll in aris Sidonius. See Sidonius , Apolli- naris. A poll i no (ä-pol-lē'nō). A statue in the tribune of the Uffizi, Florence. It is an antique copy from a Greek original, probably of the 4th century B. c., repre- senting an effeminate type of the youthful Apollo stand- ing easily and gracefully. A poll i no polis Magna (a-pol-i-nop'ō-lis mag'- na). An ancient city of Egypt, near Edfu. See Apollo (a-pol'ō). [Gr. Ἀπόλλων , Doric Ἀπέλλων; a ociated in popular etym. with ἀπολλύναι , de- stroy, to which notion some of his attributes are due; prob. of Eastern origin. See quota- tions.] In Greek and later in Roman mythol- ogy, one of the great Olympian gods, the son of Zeus (Jupiter) and Leto (Latona), represent- ing the light-and life-giving influence, as well as the deadly power, of the sun, and often identified with the sun-god Helios. He was the leader of the Muses, god of music, poetry, and healing, and patron of these arts; a mighty protector from evil, all- seeing, and hence the master of prophecy; also the de- stroyer of the unjust and insolent, and ruler of pestilence. In art he was represented in the full majesty of youthful IMG:content-0097.png:[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors] IMG:content-0098.png:[blocks in formation] manhood, in most of his attributions unclothed or but lightly draped, and usually characterized by the bow and arrows, the laurel, the lyre, the oracular tripod, the ser- pent, or the dolphin. He was the father of Esculapius, liotheca," to whom he granted his art of healing. Apollo was hon- ored, both locally and generally, under many special titles, of which each had its particular type in art and literature: as, Apollo Citharœdus (Apollo who sings to the accompa- niment of the lyre), equivalent to Apollo Musagetes , the conductor of the Muses; Apollo Sauroktonos (the lizard- killer), etc. The oldest epigraphic form of the name of Apollo is Aplu, which corresponds to the Semitic Ablu, the "son" IMG:content-0099.png:[blocks in formation] Apollo dor us. Born at Damascus: died in the reign of Hadrian (117-138). An architect, the designer of the Forum and Column of Tra- jan at Rome, and of the stone bridge over the Danube about 105 A. D. He was banished and put to death by Hadrian. A poll on i a (ap-o-lo'ni-ä). [Gr. Ἀπολλωνία , from Ἀπόλλων , Apollo.] In ancient geography, a city of Illyria, situated near the mouth of the Aous in lat. 40° 40′ N., long 19° 25′ E. IMG:content-0100.png:[merged small][ocr errors] The Century Cyclopedia of Names A poll on i a A poll on i a. In ancient geography, the port of Cyrene, Africa, in lat. 32° 56′ N., long. 22° E.: the modern Marsa Susa. A poll on i a. In ancient geography, a town in Palestine, situated on the Mediterranean between Joppa and Cæsarea: the modern Arsûf. A poll on i a. In ancient geography, a city of Thrace, situated on the Black Sea in lat. 42° 26′ N., long. 27° 44′ E.: the modern Sizeboli. A poll on i a. A station on the British Gold Coast, West Africa. A poll on i us (ap-o-lō'ni-us). [Gr. Ἀπολλώνιος.] Lived in the time of August us. A noted Alexandrian grammarian, author of a "Homeric Lexicon" (ed. by Bekker 1833). A poll on i us, surnamed Dyscolus. [Gr. δύσκολος, ill-tempered.] Born at Alexandria: flourished during the reigns of Hadrian and Ant on in us Pius. A celebrated Alexandrian grammarian. Only a few of his numerous works are extant; that "On