turkeis2t

A Middle English form of tur quoise. turken (ter'ken), v. [ This poetic all licence is a shrewde fellow, and... turkeneth all things at pleasure. Gas coigne, Notes on Eng. Verse (Steele Glas, ed. Arber, [p. 37). His majesty calleth for subscription unto articles of religion; but they are not either articles of his own lately devised, or the old newly turkened . Rogers, On the Thirty-nine Articles, Pref., § 28. see Turk. Cf. Turkeis1.] Turkish. The said danine is of siluer, hauing the Turkesco stampe on both sides. Hakluyt's Voyages , II. 272. Turke (ter'kes), n. [ -e .] A female Turk. Marlowe , Tamburlaine, I., iii. 3. Disdainful Turke . Turkestan tulip. See tulip. turkey (ter'ki), n. [Formerly also turky, tur kie; short for Turkey - cock or Turkey - hen, cock' or 'hen of Turkey, Turkey here meaning 'Tatary' or vaguely 'Asia,' whence the bird was at first supposed to come; was also referred to Africa, being called Guinea hen ( Ginnie henne, etc.), or hen of Guinea ( henne of Guinie, etc.), and confused with the guinea hen as now so known; Sp. gallina Morisca, Moorish hen,' etc. (So maize, or Indian corn, was supposed to come from 'Turkey' or Asia, and was called Turkey - wheat.) The Hind. name is perū, perhaps referring to its American ('Peruvian') origin. The Ar. name in Egypt is dik rūmi, 'fowl of Turkey.'] 1. An American gallinaceous bird of the genus Meleagris; any species of Meleagridæ. See the technical names. Turkeys are of two totally distinct species: one of these has two varieties, both widely known and with a long intricate history; the other species is practically unknown, except in ornithology. (a) The turkey now living wild in Mexico, and everywhere domesticated, became known to Europe ans almost immediately upon the discovery of Mexico by the Spaniards in 1518. It was described by Oviedo, in or about 1527, as already domesticated among Christians and elsewhere than in New Spain (Mexico); it was called pavo, and the strutting of the gobbler with stiffly erect spread tail, like that of the peacock, was noted. It is traditional, and not incredible unproved, that the turkey reached England in 1524, and certain that it was established in domestication in Europe by 1530. There is English documentary evidence of the turkey in 1541; the bird was first figured, both by Belon and by Gesner, in 1555; and by 1575 it had already taken up its since estab lished connection with Christmas festivities. It is quite probable, but not in evidence, that there were other and very early (perhaps the earliest) European importations of turkeys from New England; if so, the domestic bird would be a composite of the two feral varieties noted below. From Gesner on, for about 200 years, the usual technical name of the turkey was gallopavo (with variants gallo pav us and gallopava, sometimes pavogallus, and qualified as gallopavo sylvestris, gallopavo cristatus, simulating a modern binomial). But meanwhile, by some confusion with the African guinea-hen, the exact date and occasion of which are open to conjecture, the turkey as domesticated in Europe was called meleagris (so Char let on, "Exercitationes," 1677, and on to Linnæus, "Fauna Suecica," 1746). These two synonyms thus ran parallel for many years, till in the Linnean "System a Naturæ," 1758, they were united in the onym Meleagris gallopavo. There had not then been, nor was there for some time afterward, any suspicion that two different species, or well-marked feral races, of the turkey existed in America (both covered by the term M. gallopavo ). One of these, the ordinary wild turkey of the United States, was first technically specified by William Bartram, in 1791, as M. american a, and was soon after IMG:content-1086.jpg:[graphic] Wild Turkey of the United States ( Meleagris gallopavo american a), male. twice renamed by Vieillot, as M. sylvestris and M. fer a. The other of these, native in Mexico, and also extending into adjoining regions of the United States, was by John Gould, in 1856, specified as M. mexican a. This renaming accentuated the actual distinctions between the two kinds of turkeys, and also the fact, not before made prominent, that Gould's Mexican species was more like the ordinary domestic bird than like the feral bird of the United States. Hence M. mexican a is rightly taken to be a mere synonym of M. gallopavo, which latter name, as based mainly or wholly upon domesticated descendants of the Mexican IMG:content-1087.jpg:[blocks in formation] of the yellow shank, Totanus melanoleucus. G. Trumbull , 1888. [Salem, Ma achusetts.] turkey beard (terki-bērd), n. A liliaceous plant of the genus Xerophyllum . Also turkey's- beard . turkey-berry (ter'ki-beri), n. 1. The fruit of species of Rhamnus , used in dyeing. See Persian berries , under Persian .-2. Either of the plants Solanum mammosum and S. torvum. [West Indies.] -3. A West Indian tree, Cordia Collococca , bearing a small purple drupe; also, its fruit. erect fleshy proce on the former and dewlap the latter; a long bunch of coarse hairy feathers hangs from the breast; the tarsi are naked, scutellate before and behind, and spurred in the cock; the tail is broad and turkey-bird (ter'ki-bėrd), n. The wryneck, turkey berry-tree (ter'ki-ber-i-trē), n. See turkey - berry , 3. Ocellated Turkey ( Meleagris ocellata ). Iynx torquilla . [Local, British.] turkey-blo om (ter'ki-blosum), n. See Tri- bulus . turkey-buzzard (tėr'ki-buz"ärd), n. An Amer- ican vulture of the family Cathartidæ , the Ca- thartes aura , common and wide-spread through the greater part of North and South Amer- ica: generally so called in the United States in distinction from the black vulture, or car- rion-crow, of that country, Catharista atrata : more fully called red - headed turkey - buzzard . This well-known and very useful bird is abundant in most of the States, extends northward to Canada, and in the Southern States is an efficient scavenger. It is from 27 to 30 inches long, and about 60 inches in extent, of a blackish brown color, blacker on the wings and tail, and grayer on the wing-coverts; the whole head is bare of feathers, and of a reddish color ranging from livid crimson to pale car- find die white rit me feet are fresh colored, and the eyes brown. The naked skin of the head is wrinkled and sparsely bristled; the feathers begin in a circle around the upper part of the neck, and do not run up in a point on the hindhead as in the black vulture. Though ill-favored and bad-smelling when in hand, on the wing the turkey-buzzard is one of the most graceful of birds, soaring and sailing with a strong and buoyant flight on motionle pinions, and affording one of the best examples of this kind of flight. It nests on the ground or near it in hollow stumps and logs, and lays usually two eggs, white or creamy, boldly spotted and blotched with shades of rich brown and neutral tints. The young hatch clothed with whitish down. This vulture has the trick of "playing po um" when captured. The question whether it finds its food by scent or sight, or both, is still dis- cu ed. See cut under Cathartes . turkey-louse (ter'ki-lous), n. Goniodes stylifer , a bird-louse or mallophagous insect of the fam- ily Philopteridæ , which infests the domestic turkey, having the sides of the abdomen fringed with long hairs. Turkey myrrh. See myrrh . Turkey oak. See oak . turkey-pea (tur'ki-pē), n. 1. Same as squirrel- corn. Also wild - turkey pea . - 2. The hoary pea, Tephrosia Virgin i an a . See Tephrosia . [South- ern U. S.] turkey-poult (ter'ki-polt), n. The pullet or young of the Turkey red. 1. See red1 .--2. The cotton cloth dyed of this color, formerly brought from the East, but now made in western Europe and in America. - Mock Turkey red. See barwood . - Tur- key red oil. See red1 . Turkey-slate (tėr'ki-slāt), n. 2. A very fine-grained silicious rock, commonly of a yellowish or bluish color. It is used with oil for sharpening small cutting-instruments. It is common- ly called Turkey oil-stone, as it comes from the interior of Asia Minor. All the so-called hones and oil-stones are al- turkey-call (tėr'ki-kâl), n. An instrument pro- ducing a sound which resembles the cry of the female turkey, used as a decoy. Turkey carpet. See carpet . turkey-cock (tėr'ki-kok), n. [Orig. Turkey - cock or Turkey cock ( Turkie - cock , etc.), Turkey , the country so called (see turkey ), + cock1 .] The bird now called turkey (i (including the female); properly, the male of the turkey, called the gobbler; hence, a person of great personal vanity and foolish pride: so called in allusion thropol. Jour., XIX. 30. [Rare.] to the strutting of the bird. most entirely made up of very fine particles of silica, and the quality of the article varies with the finene and sharpne of the grain and the compactne of the stone. Some varieties of hone and oil-stone are highly valued for putting a fine edge on delicate cutting-instruments, and bring very high prices. Puppet-like thou dost advaunce thy crest, And swell in big lookes like some turkie - cocke , Ready to burst with pride. IMG:content-1088.jpg:[graphic] IMG:content-1089.png:[blocks in formation] turkey-gobbler(ter'- ki-gobler), n. turkey-cock. See gob- bler2. turkey-gra (tėr'ki- grås), n. The cleav- ers or goose-gra , Galium Aparine . [Lo- cal, Eng.] IMG:content-1090.jpg:[blocks in formation] Turkey gum. See gum arabic , under gum2 . turkey-hen (tér'ki-hen), n. [Orig. Turkey - hen or Turkey hen : see turkey - cock and turkey .] The hen or female of the turkey. turkle (ter'kl), n. [Also tarkle .] A turtle or tortoise. [Prov. Eng. and U. S.] Turkman (tėrk'man), n. [ Turk1 + man . Cf. Turkoman .] Same as Turkoman . Byron, The Island, ii. 19. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century dictionary IMG:content-1092.png:[blocks in formation] 6537 and applied externally for skin-diseases. In western countries its chief use (now declining) has been that of a dyestuff, in which capacity it affords beautiful but fugitive shades of yellow; at present a leading use is in the preparation of a test-paper called turmeric - paper or curcuma paper. The coloring matter is called curcumin; and the oil to which its aromatic taste and smell are due, turmeric-oil or turmerol. Sometimes called Indian saffron. The Hindu name is huldee. 2. The plant producing turmeric.-3. The bloodroot, Sanguinaria Can a dens is. - African turmeric, the rootstock of a species of Canna, having properties like those of turmeric, cultivated in Sierra Leone, and much used by the natives for dyeing yellow. turmeric-oil (ter'me-rik-oil), n. The oil of turmeric. paper. turmeric, 2.