topaz, top as, topase, tupace

[French topase, from Lat. topaz us, topaz on, topaz i on, from Gr. topazos, topaz i on; origin doubtful.] rhombic system, po e ing a highly-perfect basal 1. Min .: A mineral crystallizing in the ortho cleavage, columnar, and occasionally granular. Hardne , 8.0; specific gravity, 3-4-3-65; luster, vitreous; color, shades of vellow, greenish, bluish, also colorle ; transparent to sub-transparent; tion: Silicon, 15.17; aluminium, 29.58; oxygen, fracture, sub-conchoid a i; pyroelectric. Composi34'67; fluorine, 20:58=100, with the chemical formula, Al2O3(SiO2+SiF2). Occurs widely distributed in granite, a ociated with beryl, tourmaline, . 2. Her .: The name given to the metal or, when borne by peers. topaz-rock, 8. Petrology: A rock occurring at Schnecken stein, Saxony, consisting of large fragments of tourmaline-schist containing topaz, cemented together by quartz and lithomarge, topaz also being crystallized on the walls of the cavities. Forms a vein of considerable thickne in the mica shist. top-a-zą, s. [Mod. Lat.] [TOPAZ.] Ornith.: Kings, King Humming-birds; a genus of Trochil ide, with two species, having two tail feathers elongate and cro ed. Topaza pell a , the more common species, is found in Guiana and Trinidad, extending into Brazil and up the Amazon, being replaced on the Rio Negro by T. pyra . tō-păz-o-lite, s. [Eng. topaz; o connect., and Gr. lithos =astone; Ger. topazolith.] Min .: A variety of garnet found in small crystals of a topaz-yellow color at Ala, Piedmont. Dana includes it among the lime-iron garnets (and radite). tõpe (1), s . (Hind.) A grove or clump of trees. "The fine mango topes in the neighborhood of our camp."- Field , April 4, 1885. tõpe (2), s. [Probably a Cornish word.] Ichthy .: A popular name for either of the species of the genus Galeus. The Common Tope, Galeus can is , is widely distributed throughout all temperate and tropical seas, ranging as far as California and Tasmania. It is about six feet long, dark ash gray above and white below. It is often called the Miller's Dog and Penny Dog, though, according to some authorities, the first name is properly applicable only to young fish. tõpe (3), s . [Pali st'hupo ; Sansc. st'hup a .] Archæol.: The popular name for a particular in do eses The word toe has reference to the general form of the monument, which is a particular form of or development from the tumulus (q. v.), and may be (1) Memorial, built upon cele brated spots; (2) Dedicatory, concentrated to the Supreme Buddha; or (3) Sepulchral, containing remains or relics, in which case they are properly termed Dagobas, and are frequently found in temples. The other forms are usually independent structures. From Pali Buddhistic writings it appears that topes were in existence before the time of Sakya, and were objects of reverence to the people. The oldest topes are in the shape of cupolas, generally spherical, but sometimes elliptical, resting on a cylindrical, quadrangular, or polygonal base, rising either in a straight or in an inclined line, or in terraces. The top, surrounded by a balcony of pillars, is generally crowned by a structure, generally quadrangular, but sometimes having the shape of an inverted pyramid, and over this is a roof in the shape of an inverted umbrella. Sometimes several umbrellas are present, placed one over the other, as is the case in a rock-cut tope in Ajunta, where they a ume somewhat the character of a spire. The largest topes were probably dedicatory; the most numerous are kind of Buddhist monument common in India and Tope. the sepulchral topes, built of all sizes, and of all kinds of material, according to the rank of the deceased. The cupola was intended to represent the water-bubble, the Buddhistic symbol of the hollowne of the world; and the extended umbrella probably typified the royal dignity po e ed by a Buddhist saint. The number of terraces and stories had likewise a symbolical import. The illustration represents a tope at Manikyala, in the Punjaub. tõpe, v . i . [French toper =to cover a stake; Icel. top a a word used by gamblers, and by persons drinking I'll pledge you.] To drink hard; to drink strong or spirituous liquors to exce . "The jolly members of a toping club." Butler : Epigram on a Club of Sots, i. tō-peē, tō-pî', subst . [Mahratta, Hindu, .] A covering for the head; the cork or pith helmets worn by soldiers. ( East Indies .) topee-wallah, topi-wal a, s . [Hind. = hat-fellow, i . e.one who wears a hat. A derogatory term employed by natives of India to designate Europe ans. ( Balfour .)