Roatan

See Ruatan. Robert le Diable Robbia, Luca dell a (real name Luca di Simone di Marco dell a Robbia). Born at Florence about 1400: died at Florence (?), Sept. 22, 1482. A celebrated Italian sculptor. He was early apprenticed to Leonardo di Ser Giovanni, the best goldsmith of the city. In 1443 he made the first work in Robbia ware after long study and repeated experiments. At first he employed a simple combination of white figures with blue draperies and occasionally green in the backgrounds. He and his family afterward multiplied the number of colors and carried them into the flesh and draperies of their fig. ures. The first bas-reliefs of Robbia ware are those of the Resurrection and Ascension in the lunettes of the doors leading into the sacristy of the Duomo. The earliest memorials of the first 43 years of his life are the bas-reliefs set into the side of Giotto's Campanile 1435-40, and 2 unfinished reliefs of the imprisonment and crucifixion of St. Peter. He made the well-known reliefs of singing boys for the screen of one of the organ-lofts of the cathedral 1431-40. To 1445 belong the bronze doors of the sacristy of the Duomo. It is difficult to distinguish his works from those of Andrea and his four sons, Giovanni, Luca II., Ambrogio, and Girolamo. Among the most remarkable of those which may be attributed to Luca alone, or Luca and Andrea, are the altarpiece in the Church of the O ervanza near Siena (which represents the Coronation of the Virgin), a bas-relief over the door of the Church of San Pierino in the Via di Terra Vecchia in Florence, the ceiling of the Chapel of San Mini a to, some of the medallions on the outside of Or San Michele, a Virgin and Child, an Annunciation in the cloister of the Innocent i Hospital in Florence, a Madonna with two saints in the Via dell a Scala, a Coronation of the Virgin, an adoring Madonna formerly at Pisa, and a fountain in the sacristy of Santa Maria Novella. After lasting nearly a century, the school of Della Robbia died out. Robbins (rob'inz), Ashur. Born at Wethers field, Conn., Oct. 26, 1757: died at Newport, R. I., Feb. 25, 1845. An American politician, Whig United States senator from Rhode Island 18251839. Robbins, Royal. Born at Wethers field, Conn., Oct. 21, 1788: died at Berlin, Conn., March 26, 1861. An American Congregational clergyman and author. He wrote a "History of American Litera. ture" (1837), "Outlines of Ancient and Modern History" (1839), etc. Robert (rob'ért) I. [ME. Robert , Roberd , Robard , OF. Robert , Robart, F. Robert , Rupert , It. Roberto, Ruberto , Ruperto , Sp. Roberto , Ruperto , Pg. Roberto , to , from OLG. Rodbraht , OHG. Hruodbert , etc., G. Rupert , Rudbert , Ruprecht (also Robert , from F.), lit. 'fame-bright,' illustrious.] Killed at So is sons, France, 923. King of France, son of Robert the Strong: Strong: chosen king in opposition to Charles the Simple in 922. Robert II. (sometimes called Robert I.), surnamed "The Pious." Born at Orléans, France, 971: died at Melun, France, 1031. King of France, son of Hugh Capet whom he succeeded in 996. During his reign the kingdom suffered from an insurrection of the serfs and from famine. Robert I. (Robert Bruce: often called "Robert the Bruce" or "The Bruce"). Born July 11, 1274: died at Card ro , Scotland, June 7, 1329. King of Scotland: one of the national heroes of the country. He was known before his acce ion as Earl of Carrick. He sided variously with the Scottish and English parties previous to 1304, when he united with Lambert on against Edward I. of England, who claimed the suzerainty of Scotland. He murdered the rival claimant Comyn at Dumfries in 1306, and was crowned king at Scone in March of that year. He was defeated and es Rivière (rē-vyar'), Briton. Born at London, cil of (449 A. D.). Aug. 14, 1840. An English painter, son and pu- Robber Indians. See Bannock . Robber Romances. In German literature, a pil of a drawing-master at Cheltenham College and afterward at Oxford, of French Huguenot cla of romances prevalent at the end of the extraction. He began to exhibit in 1858 at the Royal 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. Academy. Among his works "The Poacher's Nurse" (1806) Circe (1871), "Daniel in the Den of Lions" (1872), "Sympathy" (1878) "Rizpah," The exile (186), etc. Rivière, Henri Laurent. Born July 12, 1827: killed by the Black Flags before Hanoi, Tongking, May 19, 1883. A French naval officer and writer, commander of an expedition into Tongking 1882-83. Rivières du Sud (re-vyar' dü süd). A French dependency in western Africa, situated along the coast about lat. 9°-11° N. Its capital is Conakry. Population of the coast region (the colony proper), about 47,000. Riving ton (riv'ing-ton), James. Born at London 1724: died at New York, July, 1802. An American bookseller and printer. He emi grated to America in 1760, and in 1761 established himself as a bookseller at New York. In 1773 he founded a royalist newspaper, "The New York Gazetteer," which was discontinued in 1775 on the destruction of his pre by a party of American soldiers. In 1777 he established "Riving ton's New York Loyal Gazette," whose title was changed to" The Royal Gazette" in the same year. After the evacuation of New York by the British, he renamed his paper "Riving ton's New York Gazette and Universal Advertiser." IMG:content-0983.png:[blocks in formation] Robbers, The. See Räuber , Die . Robbia (rob'be-ä), Andrea dell a. Born in 1437: died about 1528. The nephew of Luca dell a Robbia, noted for his work in terra-cotta, the secret of which he inherited. He, with his son Luca, spent eleven years upon the frieze of the Ceppo hospital at Pistoia. He also executed the decorations of the Loggia di San Paolo at Florence, the medallions of the façade of the Hospital of the Innocents, the decoration of Or San Michele, and a long series of bas-reliefs executed for the churches of Arezzo, Prato, Pistoia, Siena, etc. He very rarely worked in marble: a marble Pietà is in the Church Santa Maria delle Grazie, near Arezzo. Robbia, Giovanni dell a. Born about 1469: died about 1529. Son of Andrea dell a Robbia, noted as a worker in terra-cotta. Robbia, Girolamo dell a. Died about 1566. Edward II., whom he totally defeated at Bannock burn in 1314. He supported his brother Edward in 1317 in his attempt on Ireland; conquered Berwick in 1318; and invaded England several times. His title was recognized by England in the treaty of North amp ton in 1328. Robert II., "The Steward." Born about 1316: died 1390. King of Scotland, grandson of Robert Bruce, and first of the Stuart dynasty. He was regent under David II., his uncle, whom he succeeded in 1370 or 1371. Robert III. Died 1406. King of Scotland, son of Robert II. whom he succeeded in 1390. He was at war with England in the latter part of his reign. The government was chiefly administered by his brother, the Earl of Fife (Duke of Albany), and by the earl's son, the Earl of Carrick (Duke of Rothesay). Robert I., surnamed "The Devil." Died at Nicæa, July 22, 1035. Duke of Normandy 10281035, younger son of Richard the Good. He supported the English athelings against Canute. He made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, on the return from which he died. Lodge wrote a life of Robert before 1593, and many Robert or about 1056: died in prison terra-cotta and as an architect. None of the sons of Andrea dell a Robbia did so much in applying Robbia ware to architectural purposes as Girolamo, his fourth son, who was architect, sculptor, and painter, and had already ob- tained notice for his works in bronze and marble when he was taken to France by some Florentine merchants, and there found employment during the remaining 45 years of his life under four kings of the house of Valois. On his arrival he was employed by Francis I. to build the Château de Madrid in the Bois de Boulogne, which he decorated throughout with Robbia ware. This was leveled in the Revolution, and its beautiful terra-cottas were used to mend roads. 1134. Duke of Normandy, eldest son of William the Conqueror. He was several times in rebel. lion against his father; succeeded him in the duchy in 1087; was at war with William II.; mortgaged Normandy to him; took part in the first Crusade 1096-99; invaded England in 1101; and was defeated and taken prisoner by his brother Henry I. at Tinchebrai, 1106. Robert, Earl of Gloucester. Died about 1147. An illegitimate son of Henry I., and an adher ent of Matilda against Stephen. Robert le Diable (rō-bar' le dyä'bl). [F., 'Robert the Devil.'] An opera by Meyer beer, Robert le Diable libretto by Scribe, produced at Paris in 1831. See Robert I., surnamed "The Devil." Robert of Anjou, surnamed "The Wise." Born about 1275: died 1343. King of Naples, son of Charles II. whom he succeeded in 1309. He unsucce fully attempted to conquer Sicily. Robert of Brunne. See Manning , Robert . Robert of Gloucester. Lived in the second half of the 13th century. An English monk, the reputed author of a rimed “Chronicle of English History" (ed. by Hearne 1724). Robert of Jumièges. A Norman prelate, bishop of London, and archbishop of Canterbury 1051-52. Robert of Paris, Count. See Count Robert of Paris . Robert (ro'bert), Ernst Fried rich Ludwig. Born at Berlin, Dec. 16, 1778: died at BadenBaden, July 5, 1832. A German dramatist and poet. Robert (rō-bar'), Hubert. Born at Paris, 1733: died there, April 15, 1808. A French painter, noted for his architectural paintings. Robert, Louis Léopold. Born at La-Chaux-deFonds, Switzerland, May 13, 1794: committed suicide at Venice, March 20, 1835. A Swi painter, noted for scenes from Italian life. Fisher therriatic Reveapolitan Improvisator," Robert Elsmere (rob'ért elz'mēr). A novel by Mrs. Humphry Ward, published in 1888. Robert Guiscard (gēs-kär'). Born about 1015: died in Cephalonia, July 17, 1085. Duke of Apulia and Calabria, son of Tancred de Hauteville. He succeeded his brother Humphrey as leader of the Normans in Apulia in 1057; and in 1059 received of "Reapers," etc. the papal confirmation of the title of duke of Apulia and Calabria which he had previously a umed. In conjunction with his brother Roger, he conquered part of Sicily from the Saracens, capturing Palermo in 1072, and Salerno about 1077. He defeated Alexius Comnenus at Durazzo in 1081, and in 1084 captured Rome and delivered Pope Gregory VII. from the emperor Henry IV. Robert Macaire. A comedy by Frédéric Lemaître and Benjamin Antier, produced at Paris in 1834. It is the sequel of "L'Auberge des Adrets." See Macaire , Robert . Roberto Devereux (ro-ber'tō dev-rė'). 1. An opera by Donizetti, produced at Naples in 1837. The words are from Thomas Corneille's "Comte d'E ex."- 2. An opera by Mercadante, produced at Milan in 1883. Roberts (rob'ėrts), David. Born at Stock bridge, near Edinburgh, Oct. 24, 1796: died at London, Nov. 25, 1864. A British painter, noted for his landscapes and architectural paintings. In 1822 he went to London as a scene-painter, and was a ociated with Stansfield. In 1831 he was president of the Society of British Artists. In 1838 he visited the Holy Land. He was made an a ociate of the royal academy in 1839, and a royal academician in 1841. Roberts, Ellis Henry. Born at Utica, N. Y., Sept. 30, 1827. An American journalist and politician. He became editor of the Utica "Morning IMG:content-0984.png:[ocr errors] from New York 1871-75, and treasurer of 1897-. He wrote a history of New York for the "American Commonwealth Series" (1887). Roberts, Frederick Sleigh, Earl Roberts. Born at Cawnpore, Sept. 30, 1832. A distinguished British general. He served in the Indian mutiny and in the Aby in i an war, and was distinguished in the Afghan war 1878-80. He gained the victory of Charasiab in 1879; made a celebrated march from Kabul to Kandahar in 1880; defeated Ayub Khan near Kandahar Sept. 1, 1880; and was commander-in-chief of the army in India 1885-93, commander of the forces in Ireland 18951899, commander-in-chief in South Africa 1899-1900, and commander-in-chief of the British army 1900. He was created a baronet 1881, Baron Roberts 1892, and Earl Rob erts 1901. Roberts, George Washington. Born in Chester County, Pa., Oct. 2, 1833: killed at the battle of Murfreesboro, Dec. 31, 1862. An American general. He served in the West. Robertson (rob'ėrt-son), Agnes. Born at Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 25, 1833. A British actre . Shegave concerts in public before she was 11 years old, and began her theatrical career at Hull when she was 16. She first appeared in London as Neri a in 1851. In 1853 she was married to Dion Boucicault. Robertson (robert-son), Charles Franklin. Born at New York city, March 2, 1835: died at St. Louis, May 1, 1886. An American bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and writer on American history. Robertson, Frederick William. Born at London, Feb. 3, 1816: died at Brighton, Aug. 15, 1853. A British clergyman and pulpit orator. He was the son of a captain in the Royal Artillery, and was educated at Edinburgh University. He tried law and the army, and finally matriculated at Oxford. In 1840 he was ordained and settled at Cheltenham. In Aug., 1847, he entered upon his famous ministry at Trinity Chapel, Brighton. His "Sermons," in separate series, were published in 1855, 1857, 1859, 1863, and complete in 1870; his "Lectures" in 1852 and 1858. Robertson, George Croom. Born at Aberdeen, 1842: died at London, Sept. 20, 1892. A Scottish metaphysician and educator. He graduated at the University of Aberdeen in 1861, and was made a istant profe or of Greek there in 1864, and profe or of the philosophy of mind and logic in University College, London, in 1866. From 1876 till 1892 he was editor of "Mind." He wrote a biographical study of Hobbes in the "Philosophical Cla ics" in 1886, etc. Robertson, James. Born in Fifes hire, Scotland, April 1, 1725: died March 4, 1788. A British governor and general. From 1758 to 1759 he served (as quartermaster-general) against Louis burg and Ticonderoga. From 1763 to 1765 he was stationed in New York. He was made major-general on Jan. 1, 1776, and commanded a brigade in the battle of Long Island. In 1779 he was appointed royal governor of New York, and was made lieutenant-general Nov. 20, 1782. Robertson, James Craigie. Born at Aberdeen, 1813: died July 10, 1882. A Scottish historian, a graduate of Cambridge (Trinity College) in 1834. He was vicar of Bekesbourne 1846-59, and became canon of Canterbury in 1859, and profe or of ecclesiastical history in King's College, London, in 1864. He published Robinson, John Robin (rob'in). [ME. Robin , Robyn , from OF. Robin , dim. of Robert .] In Shakspere's “Merry Wives of Windsor," a page following Falstaff. Robin (ro-ban'), Charles or Charles Philippe. Born at Ja eron, Ain, June 4,1821: died there, Oct. 5, 1885. A French anatomist and physiologist. His works include "His to ire naturelle des végé taux parasites" (1853), "Anatomie micro scop i que" (1868), etc. He edited, with Littré, "Dictionnaire de médecine." Robin Adair (rob'in a-dar'). A song and air. The latter first became popular in England in the last half of the 18th century: it is the Irish air "Eileen Aroon." English words were written for it, and there are several versions, all having "Robin Adair" as the refrain. Burns made a Scottish version, but it is not known who wrote the present song. Robin Adair is said to have been a real person of some local interest: a Robert Adair, an ancestor of the later Viscounts Moles worth, lived in County Wicklow in the early part of the 18th century. Robinetta (rob-i-net'ä). A painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds (identified as Mi Lewis, afterward the Hon. Mrs. Tollemache), in the National Gallery, London. It is a half-length of a seated girl with a bird on her right shoulder and her left arm resting on its cage. Robin Goodfellow. See Puck . of wealthy. He was in Paraguay during the dictatorship Francia. His works (written in conjunction with his brother, William Parish Robertson) include "Letters on Paraguay" (1838), "Francia's Reign of Terror" (1839), and "Letters on South America" (1843). Robertson, Joseph. Born at Aberdeen, May 17, 1810: died Dec. 13, 1866. A Scottish antiquary. He was educated at Marischal College, and was a newspaper editor at Aberdeen, Glasgow, and Edinburgh from 1839 to 1853. In 1853 he was appointed curator of the historical department of the Register House, Edinburgh. He published "Concilia Scotiæ: Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ Statuta" (1863), etc. Robertson, Madge. See Kendal , Mrs. ( Mar garet Brunton Robertson ). Robertson, Thomas William. Born at Newark on the Trent, Jan. 9, 1829: died at London, Feb. 3, 1871. An English dramatist, son of a provincial actor and manager. In 1864 his first succe ful drama, "David Garrick," was produced at the Hay market with Sothern in the principal rôle. Among his other plays are "Society" (1865), "Ours" (1866), "Caste" (1867), "Play" (1868), “School” (1869), “М. Р.” (1870). Robertson, William. Born at Borthwick, Scotland, Sept. 19, 1721: died near Edinburgh, June 11, 1793. A Scottish historian, and clergyman in the Church of Scotland. He became a royal chaplain in 1761; principal of the University of Edinburgh in 1762; and historiographer in 1764. His works include a "History of Scotland during the Reigns of Mary and James VI." (1759), " "History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V.” (1769), "History of America" (1777), "An Historical Disquisition concerning the Knowledge which the Ancients had of India, etc." (1791), etc. Roberval (ro-ber-väl'), Gilles Per sonne or Personier de. Born at Roberval, in Beauvoisis, France, 1602: died at Paris, 1675. A French mathematician, best known from his methods of drawing tangents. Robeson(rob's on), George Maxwell. Born at Oxford, Warren County, N. J., 1829: died at Trenton, N. J., Sept. 27, 1897. An American politician. He was secretary of the navy 1869-77, and Republican member of Congre from New Jersey 1879-83. Robeson Channel. A sea pa age in the north polar regions, between Hall Land in Green land on the east, and Grant Land on the west. Robes pierre (F. pron. rō-bes-pyar'), August in Bon Joseph, called "The Younger." Born at Arras, Jan. 21, 1763: guillotined in Paris, July 28, 1794. Brother of Maxim i lien Robes pierre, and a deputy to the Convention, Robes pierre, Marie Marguerite Charlotte. Born Jan. 21, 1760: died at Paris, Aug. 1, 1834. Sister of Maxim i lien Robes pierre: memoirs of her brothers were published under her name by Laponneraye in 1835. Robes pierre, Maxim i lien Marie Isidore, surnamed "The Incorruptible." Born at Arras, May 6, 1758: guillotined at Paris, 10th Thermidor, year 2 (July 28,1794). A celebrated French revolutionist. He was originally an advocate at Arras; was elected from Artois to the Third Estate of the States General in 1789; and became the leader of the Extreme Left in the Constituent A embly, and one of the leading orators in the Jacobin Club. His influence increased after the death of Mirabeau in 1791. He was elected deputy to the Convention in 1792; opposed the Girondins; became a member of the Committee of Public Safety in July, 1793; was identified with the "Reign of Terror"; attacked Danton and Hébert in 1794; was overthrown in the Convention July 27; and with his partizans, Saint-Just, Couthon, and others, was arrested and put to death. William Conyers, the leader of a peasants' insurrection in Yorkshire against Edward IV. in 1469. Robins (rob'inz), Benjamin. Born at Bath, England, England, 1707: died in India, July 29, 1751. An English natural philosopher and mathematician. He invented the ballistic pendulum, first described in his "New Principles of Gunnery" (1742), and made important discoveries regarding the flight of projectiles and the rifling of gun-barrels. In 1749 he was appointed engineer-general to the East India Company. Robinson (rob'in-son), Edward. Born at Southing ton, Conn., April 10, 1794: died in New York city, Jan. 27, 1863. An American biblical scholar. He graduated at Hamilton College; was instructor in And over Theological seminary 1823-26, and profe or there 1830-33; and was profe or in Union Theological Seminary (New York) 1837-63. From 1837 to 1839 he was in the Orient, traveling in Egypt, the Sinaitic peninsula, and Pal estine, largely in company with Dr. Eli Smith. The results of their investigations were published in his chief work, "Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Countries" (3 vols. 1841, revised ed. 1867). He translated Gesenius's "Hebrew Lexicon" (1836), and compiled a "Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament" (1836), "Greek Harmony of the Gospels" (1845), "English Harmony of the Gospels" (1846), and "Physical Geography of the Holy Land" (1865). He founded the "Biblical Repository" (1831) and the "Bibliotheca Sacra" (1843). Robinson, Ezekiel Gilman. Born at Attleborough, Ma ., March 13, 1815: died June 13, 1894. An American Baptist clergyman and educator. He was profe or in the theological seminary at Coving ton (Kentucky), and 1853 at Rochester (New York), and became president of the theological seminary at Rochester in 1860, and was president of Brown University 1872-89. He published a revised translation of Neander's "Planting and Training of the Church" (1865), and edited the "Christian Review" 1859-64. Robinson, Frederick John, first Earl of Ripon. Born Nov. 1, 1782: died Jan. 28, 1859. An English younger son of the second Lord Granthamle graduated at Cambridge in 10: came president of the board of trade in 1818; chancellor of the exchequer in 1823; colonial secretary in 1827; premier 1827-28; colonial secretary in 1830; lord privy seal 1833-34; and president of the board of trade 1841-43. He was created Viscount Goderich in 1827, and earl of Ripon in 1833. Robinson, Sir Frederick Phillipse. Born in New York, 1763: died at Brighton, England, Jan. 1, 1852. A British general. He served in the American Revolution, the Peninsular war, and the War of 1812. Robinson, George Frederick Samuel, first Marquis of Ripon. Born Oct. 24, 1827. An English politician, son of the Earl of Ripon. He was secretary for war 1863-66, and for India 1866; lord president of the council 1868-73; chairman of the joint high commi ion to negotiate the treaty of Washington 1871; and governor-general of India 1880-84. Known at first by the courtesy-title Viscount Goderich, he succeeded his father as second earl of Ripon in 1859, and was advanced to the marquisate in 1871. Robinson, Henry Crabb. Born at Bury Saint Edmunds, May 13, 1775: died at London, Feb. 5, 1867. An English writer. From 1800 to 1805 he studied at Jena, Weimar, etc.; in 1807 was reporter of the "Times" in Spain (the first war correspondent); and in 1813 was called to the bar. In 1828 he was one of the founders of the London University. His "Diary, Remi niscences, and Correspondence" was edited in 1869 by Dr. Sadler. He was a friend of Goethe, Wiel and, Words worth, Lamb, and other authors. Robinson, John. Born near Scrooby, Nottingham shire, 1575: died at Leyden, Netherlands, March 1, 1625. An English Independent minister. He entered Cambridge (Corpus Christ i College) in 1592, and was elected fellow in 1597 (?). He took orders, but was suspended by his bishop for puritanism. In 1604 he joined the Independents, and in 1606 became pastor of the Separatist congregation at Scrooby, England. In 1608 An Argentine general and politician. He was minister of war under Avellaneda 1874-80, and in this ca- pacity led, in 1879, a military expedition into Patagonia which did much to open up that region to settlement. From Oct. 12, 1880, to Oct. 12, 1886, he was president of the republic. He was again chosen president in 1898. Roca (rō'kä), Vicente Ramon. Born at Guaya- quil about 1790: died there, 1850. An Ecua- dorian politician. He was senator, one of the leaders of the revolution of 1845, a member of the provisional gov- ernment formed that year, and president 1845-49. During this period there were several revolts by the partizans of Flores. Rocafuerte (rō-kä-fö-ārʼtā), Vicente. Born at Guayaquil, May 3, 1783: died at Lima, Peru, May 16, 1847. An Ecuador i an statesman. He traveled extensively in Europe and North America, and 1814), where he opposed the government of Fernando VII. was deputy from Guayaquil to the Spanish Cortes (1812- From 1824 to 1830 he was envoy of Mexico to the court of St. James's. He returned to Ecuador in 1833; was elected to Congre , and the same year led a revolution against Flores; and was defeated and captured in 1834. Flores par- doned him and made him commander of the army, in which position he did efficient service. From 1835 to 1839 he was president of Ecuador, and his term was the most prosperous the country has ever known. Subsequently he held various important civil and diplomatic positions. Rocafuerte is regarded as the greatest of Ecuador i an states- en. He published various works on political subjects. Roc a mad our (rō-kä-mä-dör'). A village in the department of Lot, France, situated 23 miles north-northeast of Cahors. It has a noted church and chapels, and is one of the most celebrated places of pilgrimage in France. Rocas (ro'käs). A reef in the Atlantic, situ- ated northeast of Cape St. Roque, in lat. 3° 52′ S., long. 33° 49′ W. Being almost entirely cov- ered during high tides, it is very dangerous to ships. time, celebrated as an impersonator of female characters. He was known as Dick Robinson. The actor who was slain at the siege of Basing House by Ma- jor Harrison was William Robinson. Robinson, Mrs. (Therese Albertine Luise von Jakob): pseudonym Talvj. Born at Halle, Pru ia, Jan. 26, 1797: died at Hamburg, April 13, 1870. A German writer, wife of Edward Robinson and daughter of L. H. von Jakob. Roccasecca (rok-kä-sek'kä). [It., 'dry castle.'] A small town in the province of Caserta, Italy, 59 miles northwest of Naples. Roch (rok), or Rochus (rõʻkus), Saint. Born at pellier, 1327. A French Francis can, noted for his ministrations to the plague-stricken. He was canonized, and his feast is celebrated in the Roman Church Aug. 16. In England St. Roch's day was celebrated as a harvest-home. County, Va., Feb. 21, 1752: died at Rochester, N. Y., May 17, 1831. An American pioneer and Revolutionary officer. He was one of the chief colo- nizers of the Gene see valley (New York) and of the city of Rochester (which was named after him). Baptiste Donatien de . Rochambeau, Vicomte de. See Vimeure , Do- natien Marie Joseph de . Rocha Pitta (rosh'ä pēt'tä), Sebastião da. Born at Bahia, May 3, 1660: died near the same place, Nov. 2, 1738. A Brazilian historian. He spent many years in collecting material for his "Hist or i a da America Portugueza" (1730, and subsequent editions). It was the first general history of Brazil, bringing the ac- count down to 1724, and was long a standard. Rochdale (roch'dal). A parliamentary and municipal borough of Lancashire, England, sit- uated on the Roch 11 miles north-northeast of Manchester. It has manufactures of flannels, woolens, cotton, iron, and machinery; and is the seat of a succe - ful working-men's coöperative a ociation. It was founded in 1844. John Bright had his residence there. Population (1901), 83,112. Rochefort (rōsh-for'). A seaport in the depart- ment of Charente-Inférieure, France, situated on the Charente, 9 miles from its mouth, in lat. 45° 57′ N., long. 0° 58′ W. It has an immense marine arsenal, with a hospital and other government establish ments, and a naval harbor. Its commerce is important. The principal industry is ship-building. It was selected by Colbert as an important naval station in 1666. The British fleet defeated the French near it in 1809. Napo- leon was taken prisoner in the neighborhood by the British in July, 1815. There was a convict establishment here until 1852. Population (1891), 33,334. Rochefort-Luçay). Born at Paris, Jan. 30, 1830. A French journalist, radical politician, and playwright. He contributed to the "Figaro," etc.; at- tacked the empire in his journal "La Lanterne" 1868; fled to Belgium in 1868; was elected to the Corps Législatif in 1869; founded the "Marseillaise" (1869), in which he con- tinued his attack on Napoleon; was imprisoned in 1870; became a member of the government of national defense in 1870; and was a member of the National A embly in 1871. He sympathized with the Commune (1871); was arrested in May, 1871; was banished to New Caledonia in 1873; escaped to England in 1874; and was amnestied in 1880. He founded in Paris the "Intransigeant" in 1880. He was a bitter opponent of Gambetta and the Opportu- nists, and was a supporter of Boulanger. Rochelle, La. See La Rochelle . Roches (rosh), Col des. A pa in the Jura, on the borders of France and the canton of Neu- châtel, Switzerland, 11 miles west-northwest of Neuchâtel. Rochet (rō-shā'), Louis. Born at Paris, Aug. 24, 1813: died there, Jan. 21, 1878. A French sculptor. Among his works are "Comte Ugolino et ses enfants" (1839), "Jeune femme pleurant" (1840), "Guil- laume le Conquérant" (1851: at Falaise), "Napoléon Bona- parte, élève de Brienne" (1853: statuette), "Napoléon Bonaparte" (1855), "Mme. de Sévigné" (1857: at Grignan), "L'Empereur Dom Pedro I." (1861: large equestrian statue erected at Rio de Janeiro 1862), etc. Rochette. See Raoul - Rochette . Rochlitz (roch'lits). A town in Bohemia, situ- ated on the edge of the Riesengebirge 62 miles northeast of Prague. Population (1891), com- mune, 7,391. Rochlitz. A town in the kingdom of Saxony, situated on the Zwickauer Mulde 28 miles south- east of Leipsic. Population (1890), 6,186. Rochlitz, Fried rich. Born at Leipsic, Feb. 12, 1769: died there, Dec. 16, 1842. A German mu- sical critic and novelist. He founded the “All- gemeine musikalische Zeitung" in 1798. Rochus. See Roch . Rock (rok), Captain. A fictitious name signed to notices, summonses, etc., by the leader of a certain band of Irish insurgents in 1822. Rockaway (rok'a-wa). A summer resort on the south coast of Long Island, southeast of Brook- lyn. Rockaway, Far. A summer resort east of Rockaway. Rockaway Beach. A long beach on the south coast of Long Island, 10-12 miles southeast of Brooklyn. Rock ford (rok'ford). A city, capital of Winne- bago County, northern Illinois, situated on Rock River 79 miles west-northwest of Chicago. It has varied and extensive manufactures, and is the seat of a female seminary. Population (1900), 31,051. Rock hampton (rok-hampton). Queensland, Australia, situated on Fitzroy River about lat. 23° 25′ S. Population (1891), 11,629. Rock hill (rokʼhil), William Woodville. Born at Philadelphia in 1854. An American traveler, diplomat, and author. He was secretary of legation in Peking 1885-86; first a istant secretary of state of the United States 1896-97; minister to Greece 1897-99; and was appointed special envoy to China in July, 1900. He has written "The Land of the Lamas" (1891), etc. Rocking ham, Marquis of. See Went worth , Charles Watson . Rock Island (rok iʻland). An island in the Mi i ippi, opposite the city of Rock Island. It is the seat of a large United States arsenal and armory, and was the site of Fort Armstrong at the time of the Black Hawk war. Length, about 3 miles. Rock Island. A city, capital of Rock Island County, Illinois, situated on the Mi i ippi, op- posite Davenport (in Iowa), in lat. 41° 28′ Ν. It is an important railway center, and the seat of a United States arsenal. Population (1900), 19,493. Rock land (rok'land). A city and seaport, capi- tal of Knox County, Maine, situated on Penob- scot Bay 38 miles southeast of August a. It has important manufacturing and ship-building industries, exports granite, and has trade in lime. Population (1900), IMG:content-0985.png:[blocks in formation] Roderigo, Dot hello," "Othello," a foolish gentleman in love with Des demon a and duped by Iago.-2. In Middle- ton's play "The Spanish Gipsy," Spanish Gipsy," a brutal ruf- fian whose repentance and reformation form Rodewisch (ro'de-vish). A manufacturing town in the kingdom of Saxony, situated on the Göltzsch 14 miles south by west of Zwickau. Population (1890), 4,630. Rodez, formerly Rhodez (rō-dās'). [ML. Rutena , Ruthenis , Rutenica ; from the Ruteni : see the def.] The capital of the department of Aveyron, France, situated on the Aveyron in lat. 44° 21' N., long. 2° 34′ E.: the ancient Sagodunum. It has considerable commerce and manufactures. The ca- thedral, founded in 1274, and carried on for two centuries, is large, and has by the north transept a tower 265 feet high. The nave is 110 feet high. The town was the capital of the Ruteni, and later of Rouergue. It was united to France under Henry IV. Population (1891), commune, 16,122. Perry. Ferr Born at Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1819: died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 8, 1892. An American admiral. navy as a midshipman in 1833, and served in the Seminole and Mexican wars, being promoted commander in 1861. He was fleet-captain in the Wabash of Admiral Du Pont's fleet at the battle of Port Royal in 1861; commanded an expedi- tion to St. Augustine and up St. Mary's River in 1862; and was fleet-captain in the New Ironsides in the attack on the defenses of Charleston April 7, 1863. He was super in- tendent of the United States Naval Academy 1874-77 and in 1881. Promoted rear-admiral 1874: retired 1881. Rodgers, John. Born in Harford County, Md., July 11, 1771: died at Philadelphia, Aug. 1,1838. An American naval officer. He was executive off i- cer of the Constellation at the capture of the French frigate L'Insurgente in 1799, and in 1805 succeeded Com modore Barron in command of the American squadron operating against Tripolis. He commanded the President in the action against the Little Belt in 1811, and took part Rodgers, John. Born in Maryland, Aug. 8,1812: American admiral, son of John Rodgers (1771- died at Washington, D. C., May 1882. An 1838). He served agains the Semi noles; was dist in- guished in the Civil War, capturing the Confederate iron- clad Atlanta in 1863; and commanded the Korean expedi. tion in 1871. He was superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory at Washington 1877-82. Rödiger (re'dig-er), Emil. Born at Sanger- hausen, Thu ring i a, Oct. 13, 1801: died at Berlin, June 15, 1874. A German Orientalist, profe or at Berlin from 1860. and Barye's cla es at the Jardin des Plantes. He executed the famous bust called "The Broken Nose" in 1862-63. Rodin worked as an artisan at Marseilles and Strasburg, and finally entered the atelier of Carrier-Belle use. During the Commune he followed Carrier-Belle use to Belgium, where he remained until 1874. He then went to Italy, where he made a profound study of Donatello and Michelangelo, which seems to have revealed his own powers to the sculptor himself, now 34 years of age. He returned to Bru els. At the Salon of 1877 he exhibited a figure called "L'Age d'ai- rain," which expre ed what he believed to be the right prin- ciple of construction of a statue. His bust of "St.-Jean Bap- tiste" established his reputation. Among his other works are another "St.-Jean" (1880), "Creation of Man" (1881), busts of J. P. Laurens and Carrier-Belle use (1882), Victor Hugo (1884), a statue of Bastien-Lepage (1885), and a monument for the city of Calais in commemoration of the patriotism of Eustache de Saint-Pierre and his companions, who offered themselves as a sacrifice to the demands of Edward III. of England, conqueror of the city in 1347. He also received a commi ion for the bronze doors of the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, of which the subject is taken Rodman (rod'man), Isaac Peace. Born at South Kingston, R. I., Aug. 18, 1822: died at Sharps burg, Md., Sept. 30, 1862. A Union gen- eral in the Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Antietam. Rodman, Thomas Jackson. Born at Salem, Ind., July July 31, 1816: died at Rock Island, Ill., June 7, 1871. An American (brevet) brigadier- general. He graduated at West Point in 1841, and is Rodna (rod'nä). A pa in the Car path i ans in northern Transylvania, leading from the valler of the Szamos into Moldavia. Rodney (rod'ni), Cæsar. Born at Dover, Del., Oct. 7, 1728: died there, June 29, 1784. An American patriot, a signer of the Declaration of Independence as member of Congre in 1776, He was an officer in the Revolutionary War, and president of Delaware 1778–82. Rodosto (rō-dos'tō). A seaport in European Turkey, situated on the Sea of Marmora 78 miles west of Constantinople: the ancient Bi- san the and Rhædestus. Population, estimated, 17,000. Rodrigo Diaz de Bivar. See Cid . Rodrigues Ferreira (rōd-re'ges fā-rār'rä), Alexandre. Born at Bahia, April 27, 1756: died at Lisbon, Portugal, April 23, 1815. A Brazilian naturalist. From 1783 to 1793 he traveled in the interior of Brazil (the Amazon valley, Matto Gro o, etc.) on a scientific commi ion from the Portuguese gov. ernment. His numerous reports and scientific papers were left in manuscript, but some of them have been pub- lished during the nineteenth century. Rodrigues Torres (tor'rās), Joaquim José. Born at Sao João Itaborahy, Rio de Janeiro, Dec. 13, 1802: died at Rio de Janeiro, Ja minister of marine (1831-32, 1832-34, and 1837-89), timer 1872. A Brazilian politician. He was several Rodriguez, Mariano Ospina. See Ospina Ro- driguez. Roe (rō), Azel Stevens. Born in New York city Aug. 16, 1798: died at East Windsor Hill, Conn., Jan. 1, 1886. An American novelist. Among his works are "James Mount joy, or I've been Thinking (1850), "A Long Look Ahead" (1855), "True to the Last" (1859), etc. Roe, Edward Payson. Born at New Windsor, Orange County, N. Y., March 7, 1838: died at Cornwall, N. Y., July 19, 1888. An American Presbyterian clergyman and novelist. Among his novels are "Barriers Burned Away" (1872), "Opening a Chestnut Burr" (1874), "From Jest to Earnest" (1875), "A Knight of the Nineteenth Century" (1877), "A Face Illumined" (1878), "Without a Home" (1880), etc. Roe (ro), Richard. The name of the imaginary defendant in fictions formerly in use in cases of ejectment. Compare Doe, John. Roe, or Row, Sir Thomas. Born at Low Ley- ton, E ex, about 1568 (?): died 1644. An Eng- lish diplomatist under James I. and Charles I. He was "esquire to the body" to Queen Elizabeth; was IMG:content-0986.png:[blocks in formation] Days, and retired to private life after the second rest or a- tion of the Bourbons. He published "Mémoires pour ser- vir à l'his to ire de Louis XII. et de François I." (1825) and "Esprit de la révolution de 1789" (1831), and "Chronique de cinquante jours, du 20 Juin au 10 Août" (1832). Roer, or Ruhr (rör). A river in the western part of the Rhine Province, Pru ia, and the Netherlands. It joins the Meuse at Roermond. Length, about 125 miles. Roermond (rör-mont'), or Roermonde (rör- mon'de), F. Ruremonde (rür-mond'). A town in the province of Limburg, Netherlands, situ ated at the junction of the Roer and Meuse, 27 miles northeast of Maestricht. It has a minster and cloth manufactures. Population (1889), 8,984, Roeskilde, or Röskilde (rės'kil-de). A town in the island of Zealand, Denmark, situated on Roeskilde Fjord 20 miles west of Copenhagen. The cathedral, built in the middle of the 13th century in the Transition style, is with three exceptions the finest medieval church in Scand in a via. The masonry is of sand- stone and brick. There are many interesting tombs, in- cluding those of several kings and queens of Denmark. The cathedral is 280 feet long, the tower 246 high. Roes- kilde was an ancient ecclesiastical center. It had at one time a population of 100,000, and was the capital until 1443. By the peace concluded at Roeskilde between Denmark and Sweden, Feb. 28, 1658, the former ceded Schonen, Hall and, Bornholm, Drontheim, etc. Population (1890), Hunting don. Roger of Hoveden added to this an account of the miracles of Edward the Confe or; an abstract of a charter of William the Conqueror granting Hemin burgh and Bracken holm to Durham; a copy of a charter by which Thomas I., archbishop of York, released Durham churches in his diocese from customary payments to the Archbishop; a list in French of warriors at the siege of Nice; and about eight other additions. The part of Hoveden's Chronicle which extends from 1148 to 1170 is not founded upon any written authority except the chronicle of Melrose. The Melrose Chronicle was based upon Simeon of Durham until the year 1121, and was then continued until 1169 with contemporary record. Between 1163 and 1169 Roger of Hoveden draws largely from the lives of Becket in the rec- ord of his quarrel with the king. From 1169 to the spring of 1192 Roger of Hoveden's Chronicle embodies, with occasional divergence, and addition of documents, chiefly northern, that of Benedict of Peter borough; and from 1192 to 1201, at which date the chronicle ends, the addition of documents especially relating to the north of England becomes a marked feature of the work. This is the part of the chronicle in which Roger of Hoveden is his- tori an of his own time, and his work is of the highest value. The reputation of the chronicle in its own time so good that did to have caused diligent search to be made for copies of it in the year 1291, in order that on its Rogers (roj'ėrz), Fairman. Born Nov. 15, 1833: died Aug. 23, 1900. An American eng i- neer. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1853, and was profe or of civil engineering in that uni- versity 1855-70, serving as a volunteer in the Union army during the Civil War. He published "Terrestrial Magnet- ism and the Magnetism of Iron Ships" (1883), etc. Kogers, Henry. Born Oct. 18, 1806: died in North Wales, Aug. 20, 1877. An English Con- greg at i on a list preacher and e ayist, profe or of English at University College, London. His best-known work is "The Eclipse of Faith" (1852). Rogers, Henry Darwin. Born at Philadelphia, Aug. 1, 1808: died near Glasgow, Scotland, May 29, 1866. An American geologist. He was pro- fe or of geology and mineralogy at the University of Penn- sylvan i a 1835-46, made a geological survey of New Jersey of Glasgow. He published a "Description of the of the State of New Jersey" (1840), "Geology of Pennsyl- vania: a Government Survey" (1858), etc. With the firm of W. and A. K. Johnston he published a geographical Rogers, James Edwin Thorold. Born at West Meon, Hampshire, 1823: died Oct. 12, 1890. An English political economist. He graduated at Ox- ford (Magdalen Hall) in 1846, and officiated for a time as a clergyman, but afterward renounced his orders. From 1862 to 1868 he was profe or of political economy at Ox- ford; and from 1880 to 1886 he sat in Parliament as an advanced Liberal. He published "History of Agriculture and Prices in England" (1868-88), "Six Centuries of Work and Wages" (1885), "The Economic Interpretation of His- Rogers, John. Born near Birmingham in 1505: burned at Smith field, Feb. 4, 1555. An Eng- lish Protestant clergyman. He graduated at Cam- bridge Hall) in 1525. In 1537, under the name piled from Cover dale's and Tyndale's versions with the Apocrypha in his own translation. After the acce ion of Mary he preached against Romanism at Paul's Cro , and was arrested, tried as a heretic, and burned, the first mar- Rogers, John. Born at Salem, Ma ., Oct. 30, 1829. An American sculptor, best known by his small groups illustrating scenes from the Rogers, Randolph. Born at Waterloo, New York, July 6, 1825: died at Rome, Jan. 15, 1892. An American sculptor. He removed to Italy in 1855. Among his works are the bronze doors in the Capitol at Washington and portrait-statues and memorial monu- ments in Richmond, Providence, Detroit, etc. Rogers, Robert. Born at Dunbarton, N. H., 1727: died about 1800. An American officer, mander of the corps called "Rogers's Rangers." He served in the vicinity of Lake George and at Detroit; was arrested by Washington as a spy in 1776; secured his freedom by violating his parole, and raised a royalist corps called "The Rangers"; and went to England in 1777, after which nothing is known of him. He wrote "A Concise Account of North America" (1765), "Jour- nals" (1765), and "Diary of the Siege of Detroit" (published Rogers, Samuel. Born at Newing ton Green, London, July 30, 1763: died at London, Dec. 18, 1855. An English poet, son of a London banker. He was educated at the Nonconformist Academy at New- ington Green, and entered his father's bank. His house in London was noted as a literary center. His principal po- ems are "Pleasures of Memory, etc." (1792), " Epistle to a Friend, etc." (1798), "Voyage of Columbus" (1812), "Jacque- line" (1814), "Human Life" (1819), "Italy" (1822-28). Rogers, William August us. Born at Water- ford, Conn., Nov. 13, 1832: died at Waterville, Me., March 1, 1898. An American astronomer and physicist, a specialist in micrometry. He graduated at Brown University in 1857, and in 1858 be- came profe or of mathematics and astronomy at Alfred University, a post which he occupied thirteen years. He was appointed ascistant in the Harvard Observatory in 1870; became a istant profe or of astronomy at Harvard in 1877; and accepted the chair of astronomy and physics at Colby University in 1886. Roget (rō-zhā'), Peter Mark. Born at London, 1779: died 1869. An English physician and scientific writer. He took his medical degree at Edinburgh in 1798, and practised as a physician in Man- chester and where he became physician to the Northern Dispensary. He was for many years secretary of the Royal Society, and was Fuller i an lecturer on phys i- ology at the Royal Institution. His chief work is the nota ble "Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases" (1852). Roggeveld Berge (rog'ge-veld berg'e). A moun tain-range in the western part of Cape Colony, intersected by lat. 32° S. It is connected on the east with the Nieuweveld Berge. Rogier (rō-zhyā'), Charles. Born at St.-Quen- tin, France, Aug. 12, 1800: died May 27, 1885. A Belgian statesman. He was prominent in the rev. olution of 1830, and was one of the members of the pro- visional government, and one of the chief founders of the Belgian monarchy. He was a member of various minis- tries, and a leader of the liberal party. Rogue (rog) River. A river in southwestern Oregon, which flows into the Pacific at Ellens- burg. Length, about 200 miles. Rogue River Indians. See At hap as can and Takelma . Rohan (rō-on'), Duc Henri de. Born at the castle of Blain, Britt any, Aug. 25, 1579: died April 13, 1638. A celebrated French general, writer, and statesman. He was a leader of the Hugue- Rohilkhand, or Rohilcund (rō-hil-kund'). A division in the Northwest Provinces, British In- dia. Area, 10,885 square miles. Population (1881), 5,122,557. Rohitsch (ro'hitsh). A village in Styria, Aus- tri a-Hungary, situated in lat. 46° 14′ N., long. 15° 43′ E. Near it is the watering-place and health-resort Rohitsch-Sauerbrunn. Rohlfs (rōlfs), Fried rich Gerhard. Born at Vegesack, near Bremen, April 14, 1831: died at Godesberg, Pru ia, June 3, 1896. An African explorer. He was a military surgeon in Algeria 1855-60.; explored Morocco, Tafilet (1860-62), and Tuat (1864); cro ed Africa from Tripoli to Lagos over Lake Chad, Bornu, Man- dara, Sokoto, Binue, and Yoruba (1865-66); visited Abys- sinia in 1868, the oases between Tripoli and Egypt in 1868, the Libyan desert 1873-74, and the oases Sokna and Kufra in 1878; and was German consul at Zanzibar 1884-85. His numerous works include "Reise durch Marokko" (1869), "Von Tripoli nach Alexandria" (1871), "Quer durch Afrika" (1874-75), "Kufra" (1881), "Quid nov i ex Africa?" (1886). Rohri.See Rori . Roi d'Yvetot (rwä dev-to'), Le. [F., The King of Yvetot.'] A song by Béranger, which ap- peared in 1813. It alludes to the contented ruler of a very small seigniory, and has a political signification, turning on the fact that the French, at that time returned from Moscow, had begun to weary of the glory which cost so much blood and tears. The ballad of the King of Yvetot, who took "pleasure for his code," was sung by all France, and pa ed into literature as a type of the "roi bon enfant" whose reign the French wished to inaugurate. Roi s'Amuse (rwä sä-müz'), Le. [F., 'The King Amuses Himself.'] A drama by Victor Hugo, produced in 1832. The scene is laid in the reign of Francis I. Rois Fainéants (rwä fā-nā-on'), Les. [F., 'the do-nothing or sluggard kings.') A name given to King Clovis II. of Neustria (died 656) and his ten succe ors. They were merely figureheads, being entirely under the management of the mayor of the palace, or major dom us, an officer who had charge of the royal household and later of the royal domain. The mayor was originally elected by the nobles, but the office became hereditary in the Austrasian family of the Caroling i ans. The empire of the Me roving i ans slowly declined in the use- le hands of the "rois fainéants" until 751, when Pepin the Short usurped the crown. Rokelle the Sierra Leone estuary. Length, estimated, over 200 miles. Rokitansky (rō-kē-tän ́skē), Baron Karl von. Born at Königgrätz, Bohemia, Feb. 19, 1804: died at Vienna, July 23, 1878. An Austrian anatomist, founder of the German school of pathological anatomy Hot Handbuch der Anatomie" ("Manual of Pathological Anatomy," 1842-46), etc. Rokitno (rō-kēt'nō). A marshy district in western Ru ia, between the Dnieper and the Pripet. According to one theory it was the home of the Aryans. Roland (rõʻland). [E. also Rowland , D. Roeland , F. Roland , Sp. Rolando , Pg. Rolando , Orlando , Roldão , It. Orlando , ML. Roland us , from OHG. Hruodland, G. Rudland , Ruland , Roland , having a famous land.] In medieval romance, the most celebrated of the paladins of Charlemagne, famous for his prowe and death in the battle of Roncesvalles in 778. His deeds were first recorded in Turpin's chronicle and in the "Chanson de Roland," also in the works of Pulci, Boiardo, and Ariosto. He had a wonderful horn called Olivant, which he won, together with the sword Durandal (Durine dana), from the giant Jutmundus. The horn might be heard at the distance of twenty miles. There are numer English hermit and religious writer, known as "the Hermit of Hampole." He was well educated, and wrote many prose treatises and a long poem, "The Prick of Conscience." It was edited by Richard Morris for the Philological Society in 1863. Rollin (ro-lan'), Charles. Born at Paris, Jan. 30, 1661: died Sept. 14, 1741. A French his tori an. He became profe or of eloquence at the Collège Romberg, Andreas Other romances, however, had the same name, and it became a common one. See Brut . Roman d'un Jeune Homme Pauvre, Le. [F., The Romance of a Poor Young Man.'] A novel by Feuillet, published in 1857. He dram atized it in 1858. Roman Empinare under du Renart. See Reynard the Fox . de France in 1688; was of University 1694-95; and in 1699 was appointed coadjutor of the Collège de Beau- Roman Empire, Holy. See Holy Roman Em- vais, a post which he lost twelve years later on account pire . of his Jan sen is tic sympathies. He was reëlected rector of the university in 1720. Among his works are "His to ire ancienne" ("Ancient History," 1730-38), "Traité des études” (1726-31), and “His to ire romaine” (“Roman His- tory," 1738-48). Rollin, Ledru-. See Ledru - Rollin . Rollo (rol'ō), or Rolf (rolf), or Hrolf (hrolf), or Rou (rö). Died about 930. The first duke of Nor- mandy. He was a Norwegian viking who ascended the Seine and took Rouen at the head of a band of Scand in a- vian pirates, and in 911 or 912 compelled Charles III. the Simple to invest him with the sovereignty of the region between the Seine and the Epte, which received the name of Normandy. He on his part accepted Christianity, mar- ried Charles's daughter Gisela, and recognized the king of France as his feudal superior. ther , The . ous legends concerning Roland. He once fought for five Röm (rèm). An island in the North Sea, be another of Charlemagne's paladinsarly hey had previoned. Pru ia, 4 miles west of the mainland. Length, IMG:content-0987.png:[ocr errors] revisa, longing to the province of Schleswig-Holstein, known other, were equally matched. Neither gained the advantage: hence the phrase "to give a 8 miles.