BETHLEHEM

the birth-place of our Saviour; a village, formerly a town, in Palestine, a part of Syria, in the pashaUc of Danoascus, five miles from JeruMlem, at the foot of a hill covered with vines and olive-trees, which however is not the Mount of Olives mentioned in the Bible. An aqueduct conveys water from the hill to the village. It has about 3000 inhabitants, chiefly Christians, who make rosaries, crucifixes, ., for pilgrims. There are three convents here, for Catholics, Greeks, and Armenians. The greatest ornament of the place is the stately church within the Armenian convent, said to have been erected by the Empre Helena over the place where Christ was bom, and bearing her name, but really built by Just in i an. It is built in the form of a cro , and the top commands a fine view over the surrounding country. In a rich grotto, furnished with silver and crystal lamps, under the choir of this church, a trough of marble is shown, which is said to be the manger in which Jesus was laid after his birth. Several spots mentioned in the Bible are shown here. BETHLEHEM. There are many places in the United States with this name. One of the most important is the borough in North amp ton county, Pennsylvania, on the Lehigh, acro which is a bridge 400 feet long, forty-eight miles n.n.w. Philadelphia. Pop. 4512. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out) and built chiefly of stone. It was founded 1741 by MoraviaoB, who have a large Grothic here. There are also three semi-oonYentual for unmazried young men, young women, and dows, a celebrated female seminary, and schools. BETHLEM-GABOR^ that is, Gabriel Bethlem, son of a Galvinistic gentleman in poor circumstances, entered the service of Gabriel Bathori, prince Transylvania, fought under his orders, and then paired to Constantinople, where his courage him the esteem of the Turks. Prompted by tion, he became ungrateful to his fii«t benefactor; and after bringing Bathori into bad odour both the TranaylvaniaziB and the Turks, managed to the latter declare war, and actually headed a Turkish army against him. His treachery was succe ful, and in 1613 he was proclaimed Prince of Transylvania. Shortly after, having succeeded in up the Hungarians against the Emperor Frederick II., he took several places, and in 1618 a umed title of King of Hungary. Thereafter, supported by the Turks and Tartars, he entered the Austrian territories, laid waste Moravia^ hemmed imperial anny, and was on the eve of gaining complete victory when the refusal of the Turks imdergo a winter campaign defeated all his The approach of Tilly compelled him to withdniw, and he was glad to conclude a peace which deprived him of his Hungarian title, but left him in sion of his conquests. But his restle spirit not allow him to remain at peace, and he was engaged either in tnalrmg war himself, or in up others to engage in it, with a view to his advantage. Wbjle preparing for a new war the imperialists he was attacked with dropsy, died in 1629 without leaving any heir to his His warlike temper may be estimated from the that he began to carry arms at the age of seventeen, and had fought in forty-two battles. 183