Archenholz, Johann

WILHELM VON, B. 1743, D. 1812. He was a German historian of great industry and research; wrote a History of the Seven Years' War, and also a voluminous work on British history, in 20 vols. Arch'er, n. [Fr., from Lat. arcus, a bow.] A bowman; one whc shoots with a bow and arrow. Arch'er, in Nebraska, a village of Richardson co., about 24 m. S. by E. of Brownville. Arch'er, in Ohio , a twp. and v. of Harrison co. Arch'er, in Texas , a N. co., drained by the Little Wichita. Area, 900 sq. m. Arch'ere , n She who shoots with a bow and arrow. Arch'ery, n. [From Lat. arcus .] The art of shooting with a bow and arrow. This art, either as a means of offence in war, or of subsistence and amusement in time of peace, may be traced in the history of almost every nation. It always. however, declines with the progre of time, which introduces weapons more to be depended on, and not so easily exhausted as a bundle of arrows. With the ancients, the sagitarii , or archers, were an important cla of troops. In the middle ages, the bow was much more used by the burghers than by the barons. The Swi were famous archers. In modern times, this weapon is used by the Asiatic nations, by the tribes of Africa, by the American Indians, . In 1813 and 1814, irregular troops, belonging to the Ru ian army, particularly the Bashkeers, appeared in Paris, armed with bows and arrows, and made surprising shots. This weapon was the leading arm of the English people for centuries, and their expertne in the use of it was proverbial. Great dependence was placed upon archers in Fig . 179.ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARCHER, AND QUIVER. war; and frequently has the succe of a battle been attributed to their means, as at Cre y, Poitiers, and Agin court. Most of the English sovereigns had a bodyguard entirely consisting of archers. In the reign of Charles II. the Royal Company of Archers, as it was called, became merged in the Artillery Company of London. A. has been revived in modern times as a pastime, and is largely practised throughout Great Britain, Germany, and Switzerland; and also in some cities of the United States. The Toxopholite Society of London was first established in 1781.-The principal instruments employed in A. are the bow, string, arrow, glove, and brace. The bows are generally made of yew and ash, and the best arrows come from the latter description of wood. The distance to which an arrow can be sent by a good archer is generally from 200 to 250 yards. Interesting particulars of this art may be found in Blaine's Encyclopedia of Rural Sports. Archety'pal, a. Having the nature of an archetype; original; constituting a model or pattern. Archetype, n . [Gr. arc he typos-arc he, beginning. original, or origin, and typos , type.] The chief type, pattern, or model; the original model from which a thing is made; an authentic or original draught. Archetyp'ical, a . Relating to an archetype. Arche'us, n. [From Gr. arc he , beginning.] (Alchemy.) A name given by Para cels us to the original principle in nature, Primum mobile , pervading all things and presiding over all organic phenomena. Arch'ibald, in Pennsylvania . See ARCHBALD. Archida'mus, the name of five kings of Sparta, of whom there is little or nothing to say. Archidiac'onal, a . Pertaining to an archdeacon. Archido'na, a town of Spain, 34 m. N. of Malaga; рор . 8,172.